Luminescence properties and energy transfer of host sensitized CaMoO4：Tb^3＋ green phosphors

A series of CaMoO 4 :xTb 3+(x=0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07,0.09,0.15 and 0.20) phosphors in pure phase were prepared via high temperature solid-state reaction approach.The crystal structure of the phosphors was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the optical properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy(UV-Vis) and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy.The PL spectra illustrated that these phosphors could be efficiently excited by the charge transfer band of the host and the energy transfer efficiency from the host to the doped activator reached 60% when the doping concentration of the activator Tb 3+ was 20 mol.%.The concentration quenching occurred at x=10 mol.%,from which the critical distance of activator was calculated to be about 1.14 nm.The CIE coordinates were estimated to be close to the standard green value.The host sensitized samples had potential application as green phosphors.     

BaEMg（BOa）2：Ce^3＋,Eu^2＋,Na^＋： A potential single-phased two colour borate phosphor for white light-emitting diodes

A two colour phosphor Ba 2 Mg(BO3)2:Ce3+,Eu2+,Na+ was synthesized using solid-state reaction method.Luminescence of Ba2Mg(BO3)2:Ce3+,Eu2+,Na+ showed 416 and 618 nm emission bands attributed to Ce3+ and Eu2+ emission, respectively. Energy transfer occurred from Ce3+ to Eu2+ through a significant overlap of Eu 2+ excitation spectrum with Ce3+ emission spectrum in Ba 2 Mg(BO3)2. They also showed that under the excitation of UV radiation, bluish or yellowish white light was generated by coupling a broad blue emission band and a red emission band.By combining with green phosphor, Ba2Mg(BO3 ):Ce3+,Eu2+,Na+ phosphor showed potential application for white light-emitting diodes (LEDs).     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of SrAleO4：Eue＋,Dy3＋ hollow microspheres via a solvothermal co-precipitation method

SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ hollow microspheres were successfully prepared through a facile and mild solvothermal co-precipitation combining with a postcalcining process.The structure and particle morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning and transmission electron microscopy(SEM and TEM)pictures,respectively.The mechanism for the formation of spherical SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor was preliminary presented.After being irradiated with ultraviolet(UV)light,the spherical phosphor emitted long-lasting green phosphorescence.Both the photoluminescence(PL)spectra and luminance decay,compared with that of commercial bulky powders,revealed that the phosphors had efficient luminescent and long lasting properties.It was considered that the SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ hollow microspheres had promising long-lasting phosphorescence with potential scale-dependent applications in photonic devices.     

Luminescent properties of red phosphors K2Ba（MoO4）2：Eu3＋ for white light emitting diodes

K2Ba(MoO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction. The emission and excitation spectra of K2 Ba(MoO4)2:Eu3+ phosphors exhibited that the phosphors could be effectively excited by near ultraviolet (394 nm) and blue (465 nm) light, and emitted red light at 616 nm. The influence of Eu3+concentration, sintering temperature and charge compensators (K+, Na+ or Li+ ) on the emission intensity were investigated. The results indicated that concentration quenching of Eu3+ was not observed within 30mol.% Eu 3+, 600 oC was a suitable sintering temperature for preparation of K2 Ba(MoO4)2:Eu3+phosphors, and K+ ions gave the best improvement to enhance the emission intensity. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of K2 Ba(MoO4)2:0.05Eu3+phosphor were calculated to be (0.68, 0.32), and color purity was 97.4%.     

Efficient near-infrared quantum cutting by Ce~（3＋）-Yb~（3＋） couple in GdBO_3 phosphors

Ce3+ and Yb3+ co-activated GdBO3 phosphors were prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction method. X-ray powder diffraction, photoluminescent spectra and decay curves were used to characterize their structural and luminescent properties. An efficient near-infrared (NIR) quantum cutting (QC) from the phosphors was observed, which involved the emission of two low-energy NIR photons (around 971 nm) from an absorbed ultra-violet (UV) photon at 358 nm via a cooperative energy transfer (CET) from Ce3+ to Yb3+ ions. The theoretical quantum efficiency was calculated and the maximum efficiency approached up to 164% before reaching the critical concentration quenching threshold. Our results demonstrated that these phosphors might find potential application in improving the efficiency of silicon based solar cells.     

Hydrothermal synthesis and luminescence properties of YW2O6（OH）3：Tb^3＋ green phosphors

YW2O6(OH)3:Tb3+ green phosphors were synthesized at different pH values via a facile hydrothermal method. The structure and optical properties of as-synthesized samples were studied by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photolumi-nescence spectra and luminescence decay curve. The results showed that pure monoclinic YW2O6(OH)3:Tb3+ green phosphors could be ob-tained at pH 2-5. Uniform spherical micro-phosphors of ~5 μm in diameter with narrow size distribution could be prepared at pH 5. pH value had dramatic influence on morphologies, which could be ascribed to the various spatial configurations of different poly-tungstates existing at different pH values. The emission spectra under 261 nm excitation exhibited dominant green emission at 546 nm. The green emission inten-sity reached the maximum value at pH 5 due to the high packing density of the obtained phosphor.     

Synthesis and characterization of needle-like BaAleO4：Eu,Dy phosphor via hydrothermal-homogeneous precipitation method

A needle-like Eu2+ and Dy3+ co-doped BaAl2O4 long-lasting phosphor was synthesized via a hydrothermal-homogeneous precipitation method assisted by cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as a template.The crystal structure,morphology and optical properties of the composites were characterized.XRD results showed that the single-phase BaAl2O4 was formed at 900 ℃ in an active carbon atmosphere,which was much lower than that prepared by traditional solid-state reaction method.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) observation revealed that the precursor had well-dispersed distribution and showed needle-like morphology with the average diameter of about 100 nm and the length up to 1 μm.The final product,BaAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ phosphor,inherited the needle-like shape from precursor via adding the surfactant CTAB.After irradiation by ultraviolet radiation with 355 nm for 5 min,the phosphors emitted bluish green color long-lasting phosphorescence corresponding to the typical emission of Eu2+ ion.Both the photoluminescence spectra and luminance decay revealed that the phosphor had efficient luminescent and long-lasting properties.     

Photoluminescence enhancement of YAG：Ce~（3＋） phosphor prepared by co-precipitation-rheological phase method

YAG:Ce3+ phosphor was prepared by a novel co-precipitation-rheological phase method.The resulting YAG:Ce3+ phosphor was characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and photoluminescent emission spectra.By using acetic acid as solvent,YAG:Ce3+ powder with small particle size(≤2 μm) was obtained at a relatively lower sintering temperature of 1400 oC.With the content of acetic acid increasing,small particles dissolved and disappeared,but larger particles grew up and changed its shape from spherical to partially rectangular.Meanwhile,the emission intensity of the sample prepared by co-precipitation-rheological phase method was about 43% higher than that of the sample prepared by co-precipitation method.It was assumed that the significant improvement of luminescence was mainly because the rheological phase presented a better diffusion environment,and therefore,a better homogeneity of activators of Ce3+.     

Enhancing the performance of photovoltaic cells by using down-converting KCaGd（PO_4）_2：Eu~（3＋） phosphors

The goal of this work is aimed to improve the power conversion efficiency of single crystalline silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) cells by using the solar spectral conversion principle, which employed a down-converting phosphor to convert a high-energy ultraviolet photon to the less energetic red-emitting photons to improve the spectral response of Si solar cells. In this study, the surface of silicon solar cells was coated with a red-emitting KCaGd(PO4)2:Eu3+ phosphor by using the screen-printing technique. In addition to the investigation on the microstructure using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we measured the short circuit current (Isc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and power conversion efficiency (η) of spectral-conversion cells and compared with those of bare solar cells as a reference. Preliminary experimental results revealed that in an optimized PV cell, an enhancement of (0.64+0.01)% (from 16.03% to 16.67%) in Δη of a Si-based PV cell was achieved.     

Effect of different dopants on the long lasting phosphorescence behavior of CaTiO_3：Pr~（3＋）

In order to improve the luminescence properties of CaTiO3:Pr3+, a series of CaTiO3:Pr3+, such as CaTi0.97Nb0.03O3:Pr3+, Ca0.8Zn0.2TiO3: Pr3+, Ca0.8Zn0.2Ti0.97Nb0.03O3:Pr3+ and B3+-doped Ca0.8Zn0.2Ti0.97Nb0.03O3: Pr3+ were prepared through conventional solid state reaction method. The results of the photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra showed that all the samples emitted red phosphorescence at 612 nm originating from 1D2 to 3H4 emission of Pr3+ under the 337 nm excitation. When examined by the X-ray diffraction (XRD), all the samples presented a predominant phase of CaTiO3 (JCPDS# 42-423) except Zn2+-doped samples which also revealed another phase of Zn2Ti3O8 (JCPDS# 73-579). The results of the afterglow decay curves showed that co-doping Zn2+ ions, Nb5+ ions or adding a small amount of B3+ into Ca0.8Zn0.2Ti0.97Nb0.03O3:Pr3+ were effective in improving the photoluminescence properties of CaTiO3:Pr3+ phosphor. Thermoluminescence results showed that the trap existing in all the samples was the same as in CaTiO3:Pr3+ and doping singly Nb5+ or Zn2+ hardly changed the trap depth but co-doping Nb5+ and Zn2+ could modify the trapping level from 0.63 to 1.26 eV distinctively. In addition, adding a certain amount of B3+ into CTO-PZN could also deepen the trap depth.     

Photoluminescence properties of Tb3+ and Ce3+ co-doped Sr2MgSi2O7 phosphors for solid-state lighting

Sr2Mg Si2O7:Tb3+,Ce3+ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction and placed in a muffle furnace in a reducing atmosphere at 1300 oC for 3 h. Photoluminescence properties and energy transfer were investigated. The Ce3+/Tb3+ energy transfer was thoroughly investigated by their emission/excitation spectra and photoluminescence lifetime, there was shortened lifetime of Ce3+(from 51.31 to 50.06 ns) which could support evidence of energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ in the host. The varied emitted color of Sr1.97–yMg Si2O7:0.03Tb3+,y Ce3+ phosphors could be achieved by altering the concentration of Ce3+, the chromaticity coordinates(x, y) varied from(0.225, 0.376) to(0.172, 0.231). In Sr1.96 Mg Si2O7:0.03Tb3+,0.01 Ce3+ phosphors, the results indicated that Sr2 Mg Si2O7:Tb3+,Ce3+ might be useful as tunable phosphors for ultraviolet white-light-emitting diodes.     

A novel white-emitting phosphor ZnWO4:Dy3+

A new white luminescent material Dy3+ doped Zn WO4 was synthesized by hydrothermal route followed by calcining process. The phase structure, morphology and luminescent properties of as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry, respectively. The results indicated that the sample was pure Zn WO4:Dy3+ only when the p H value of the reaction system was 6. The Zn WO4:Dy3+ sample was composed of spherical particles, and the particle size was about 80–130 nm. The excitation spectrum consisted of a broad band ascribed to the charge transfer transition from oxygen ligand to tungsten ion. The emission spectrum of Zn WO4:Dy3+ was composed of two major parts: the broad band attributing to the intrinsic emission of WO42– and the 4F9/2→6H15/2 transition of Dy3+, and the sharp emission peak corresponding to the 4F9/2→6H13/2 transition of Dy3+. The optimal emission intensity of the Zn1–xWO4:Dy3+x phosphors was realized when x=1.5 mol.%. Moreover, all of the Zn1–xWO4:Dy3+x(x=0.5 mol.%, 1 mol.%, 1.5 mol.%, 2 mol.%) phosphors could exhibit white light emission, which could be potentially applied in white lighting-emitting diodes.     

Factors affecting afterglow properties of red-emitting phosphor MgSiO3：Mn^2＋,Nd^3＋ for luminescent fiber

With stable physical properties,the rare-earth silicate phosphor of MgSiO3:Mn2+,Nd3+ is one of the suitable luminescent materials used in preparing functional fibers.In order to promote the afterglow properties of red-emitting phosphors,we prepared it by means of solid-state reaction,and the effect of manufacturing elements including H3BO3 and environmental factor of calcining temperature,type of flux on its luminescence property were investigated through evaluating their afterglow properties.The results showed that with the concentration of Nd 3+ increasing,the amounts of H3BO3 doping and calcining temperature,the afterglow time and initial brightness of the rare-earth silicate phosphor increased and then decreased gradually.The afterglow properties of different flux concentration were different from one to another as:H3BO3 >Na+>K+>No flux.     

Photoluminescence characterization and energy transfer of NaBa1-x-yPO4：xCe3＋, yTb3＋ phosphors

A series of NaBa1-x-yPO4: xCe3+, yTb3+ phosphors were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure, photoluminescence emission and excitation spectra and decay times of the phosphors were carefully investigated. The results revealed that an efficient energy transfer occurred from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions in NaBaPO4 host by means of dipole-dipole interactions and the critical distance of the energy transfer was about 0.638 nm. Moreover, the phosphor emitted strong green emission under UV excitation, indicating that the phosphors are potentially useful as a highly efficient, green-emitting phosphor.     

Preparation and upconversion luminescence of monodisperse Gd2O3：Ho^3＋,Yb^3＋ nanocrystals

Gd2O3:Ho3+,Yb3+ nanocrystals were synthesized via solvothermal method.X-ray diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),absorption and upconversion spectra were employed to characterize the synthesized nanocrystals.The results of XRD and TEM showed that obtained Gd2O3:Ho3+,Yb3+ nanocrystals were cubic in crystal structure and uniform spherical in morphology.The average crystallite size was calculated to be 7.5 nm.Green and red up-conversion emissions corresponding to(5F4,5S2)→5I8 and 5F5 → 5I8 transition were observed upon 980 nm excitation at room temperature.The results indicated that both green and red luminescence were based on the two-photon processes.Laser power and doping concentration dependence of the upconverted emissions were studied to understand the upconversion mechanisms.Excited state absorption and energy-transfer processes were discussed as the possible mechanisms for the visible emissions.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of BaWO4：Pr^3＋ microcrystal

BaWO4:Pr3+ (hereafter BWO:Pr) microcrystals were prepared via a hydrothermal route, and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), photoluminescence excitation and emission spectra. The as-prepared products with different morphologies of egg-shape rod, olive-like, and quasi-sphere were obtained by the addition of the surfactants and chelating agents. The emis-sion spectra of BWO:Pr microcrystals showed the strong red emission (642 nm) assigned to the Pr3+ ions of 3P0→3F2 transition with blue ex-citation (484.6 nm, 3H4→3P0).     

Hydrothermal synthesis,structure study and luminescent properties of YbPO₄:Tb³⁺ nanoparticles

YbPO4:Tb3+ were synthesized by mild hydrothermal method.The luminescent properties,morphologies and structure of the obtained powders were characterized by photoluminescence(PL) spectra,FESEM,X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and FTIR.The results showed that the prepared YbPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles were pure tetragonal phase and the average grain size varied with increasing of Tb3+ concentration.Hydrothermal temperature was revealed to be the key factor to enhance the emission intensity of YbPO4:Tb3+ phosphors.The spherical nanoparticles could be effectively excited by near UV(369 nm) light and exhibited green performance at 543 nm(5D4→7F5),489 nm(5D4→7F6) and 586 nm(5D4→7F4).The CIE chromaticity was calculated to be x=0.298,y=0.560.The YbPO4:Tb3+ nanoparticles exhibited potential to act as UV absorber for solar cells to enhance the conversion efficiency.     

Luminescence properties of Eu3＋ and Ho3＋ in SreTiO4

Eu3+ and Ho3+ doped Sr2TiO4 were synthesized by using solid-state reactions. Samples sintered at 1300 oC for 6 h could be indexed to Sr2TiO4 with a single phase. Eu3+ in Sr2TiO4 emitted orange light under the excitation at 365 nm in a broad band which was coupled well with the strongest emission of high pressure mercury vapor lamps. Ho3+ in Sr2TiO4 emitted yellow light under blue excitation from 450 to 460 nm which agreed well with the emission of blue InGaN-based light-emitting diodes. The present results indicated that Sr2TiO4 was a promising host for high pressure mercury vapor lamps or white light-emitting diodes.     

Pr~(3+)-doped Li_2SrSiO_4 red phosphor for white LEDs

Novel red phosphors,Li2Sr1-1.5xSiO4:xPr3+(x=0.002,0.003,0.004,0.005,0.006 and 0.008),were synthesized by conventional solid state reaction and the luminescent properties were investigated.The as-prepared phosphors showed red emission at 610 nm under excitation of blue light at 452 nm,indicating that they were promising candidates for red phosphors in the fabrication of white LEDs via blue LED chips.Their excitation bands at 452,476 and 487 nm were attributed to transitions of 3H4→3P2,3H4→3P1+1I6,3H4→3P0 of Pr3+ ion.The red emissions at 606 and 610 nm were originated from the 3P0-3H6 and 1D2-3H4 transitions of Pr3+.The optimum doping concentration of Pr3+ in Li2Sr1-1.5xSiO4:xPr3+ was determined to be x=0.004.With the concentration of Pr3+ over x=0.004,the fluorescence intensity of Li2Sr1-1.5xSiO4:xPr3+ decreased,indicating the concentration quenching occurred.     

Preparation and luminescent properties of MgTiO3：Eu3＋ phosphor for white LEDs

A novel red phosphor Eu3+ doped magnesium titanate (MgTiO3) was synthesized via sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) revealed that a pure MgTiO3 phase was obtained. Its excitation spectrum consisted of a broad band (<350nm) and a series of narrow bands in the long wavelength, and the strongest excitation peak at 465nm might be exited by GaN-chip to emit red light for white LED. The phosphors showed strong emission at 614nm which could be attributed to the 5D0→7F2 emission of Eu3+ . The emission intensity of MgTiO3:Eu3+ phosphor reached the maximum at the Eu3+ concentration of 3.5mol.%. The luminescent properties (such as emission intensity and decay times) were further improved by introducing Al3+ as a charge compensator, demonstrating potential applications in white LED.