复合电沉积制备W-Ni-Cu梯度材料的组织及性能

采用熔盐电沉积与水溶液电沉积工艺制备了W-Ni-Cu复合材料。经800℃依次保温60、120、180 min退火后,可获得梯度层厚度分别为25、35、45μm的W-Ni-Cu梯度材料,其中Ni起到桥接W和Cu的作用。试样经热冲击和热疲劳试验处理后,表面无突起、裂纹或脱落现象,说明镀层与基体之间具有良好的冶金结合性能。导热性试验表明,在25~800℃范围内,纯W板和W-Ni-Cu梯度材料的导热系数随温度升高而降低;相同温度下,纯W板的导热系数比W-Ni-Cu梯度材料的导热系数大,且W-Ni-Cu梯度材料的导热系数随梯度层厚度升高而降低。     

超轻质ZrO2纤维隔热材料的热物理性能研究

采用Hot disk热分析仪和石英灯辐射加热法分别测试分析了ZrO<,2>纤维隔热材料的常温和高温隔热性能.研究表明,随材料孔隙率的增大,ZrO<,2>纤维隔热材料的有效导热系数减小,即隔热效果越好;在孔隙率相同的情况下,材料晶粒尺寸越小其有效导热系数就越小;随试样表面温度的升高,在热传导的过程中辐射起主导作用,从而使材料的有效导热系数增大;当温度由200℃升高到800℃时,ZrO<,2>纤维隔热材料的有效导热系数由0.027W/(m·K)升高到0.085W/(m·K),在800℃达到热稳定时,ZrO<,2>纤维隔热材料冷边的温度不高于30℃.     

基于一维稳态纵向导热法对几种铸铁材料热物理性能的研究

采用KY-DRX-JH金属高温导热系数测试仪,测定不同合金成分铸铁材料的导热系数。结果表明:在100～550℃,灰铸铁的导热系数随温度的升高呈下降趋势,蠕铁在100℃的导热系数低于灰铁,其导热系数范围为33.33～42.47 W/m·K;合金蠕铁的导热系数随温度的升高先升后降,峰值点在300℃左右。100℃时合金蠕铁的导热系数随基体中铁素体量的增加而提高。     

高速列车转向架用钢热物理性能

针对高速列车转向架材料Q345C和S355J2W(H)钢的导热系数、热膨胀系数、比热容、热扩散率热物理性能参数进行测试,建立高速列车转向架材料热物理性能基础数据库。结果表明,Q345C的Ac1为714℃,Ac3为850℃;S355J2W(H)的Ac1为732℃,Ac3为860℃。在常温~Ac1温度区间,随着温度的升高,热膨胀系数升高;在Ac1~Ac3温度区间,材料的热膨胀系数随温度的升高而降低;当温度高于Ac3时,材料的热膨胀系数又升高;温度低于Ac1时,比热容随温度升高而升高;当温度高于Ac1时,比热容随温度升高而降低,奥氏体转变完成后,比热容趋于定值。Q345C和S355J2W(H)两种材料的热扩散系数和导热系数随温度升高而降低。     

电沉积温度对熔融盐电沉积Ni/W复合层的影响

采用熔盐电沉积法制备了Ni/W复合层,通过扫描电镜,辉光放电光谱仪和电子背散射衍射技术对Ni/W复合层的微观结构、复合层厚度、晶粒尺寸及小角度晶界频率进行了表征。结果表明,Ni/W复合层的断裂方式为解理断裂;当电沉积温度为1073 K时,Ni/W复合层的表面平整光滑,晶粒尺寸大小均匀;随电沉积温度升高,复合层厚度逐渐增加,Ni在钨板中的扩散系数增大,小角度晶界频率增加。     

提高铝合金上电镀镍层结合强度的研究

采用一步电镀镍和特殊铝合金表面预处理方法，获得高结合强度的电镀镍层。选用热震法测试铝合金基体与沉积镍层之间的结合强度，讨论了铝合金电沉积镍层厚度、温度、电流密度对结合强度的影响。试验结果表明，在采用低电流密度0．2－0．5A/dm^2，镀层厚度8－15μm，电镀液温度15－25℃条件下，电镀镍层与铝合金的结合强度最高。     

梯度金属多孔材料孔结构研究

利用离心沉积技术在多孔管内壁上制备了不同粒度的镍和不锈钢多孔梯度层,研究不同粒度的粉末以及梯度层厚度对梯度层孔隙性能的影响.结果表明,梯度层透气系数与中流量孔在梯度层粒度为5 μm以下急剧减小,当梯度层粉末粒度为13.6μm、梯度层厚度小于20 μm时,梯度层厚度对其孔径分布与透气系数影响不大;当梯度层粉末粒度为2.7μm时,梯度层的最佳匹配厚度是50μm.     

2507双相不锈钢高温物理性能研究

采用综合热分析仪、热膨胀分析仪、激光导热仪和热/力模拟试验机分别对2507双相不锈钢进行了综合热分析试验、热膨胀试验、激光导热试验和高温力学试验,以控制连铸坯表面凹陷、裂纹等缺陷。结果表明：2507双相不锈钢的固相线温度为1 469.5℃,液相线温度为1 446.2℃;温度在100～750℃时,2507不锈钢平均线膨胀系数为16.606 1×10^-6 K^-1,温度在750～1 020℃之间的平均线膨胀系数为14.916 2×10^-6 K^-1,温度在1 020～1 400℃时平均线膨胀系数为20.475 1×10^-6 K^-1;在降温过程中,平均线膨胀系数为-22.690 3×10^-6 K^-1;2507不锈钢的密度随温度升高而降低;温度从650℃升至1 150℃,2507不锈钢的热扩散系数增大了25%;导热系数随温度升高而增大,在1 000℃时导热系数达到最大值34 W/(m·K);温度超过1 200℃之后,抗拉强度...     

W-Cu梯度功能材料的热物理性能

对采用不同粒度配比和热压制备的W-Cu梯度功能材料的热物理性能进行研究.结果表明:梯度材料的整体热导率较高,达到226.4 W/(m·K),高于过渡层W/Cu33的热导率,低丁散热层W/Cu50的热导率;封接层具有低的线性热膨胀系数,аRT-100℃=6,82×10-6/℃,满足与BeO基板材料封接匹配的要求;低温热压条件下制备的W-Cu梯度功能材料各梯度层的热膨胀系数具有良好的可控性和可设计性能,其实测值与理论值十分接近,其误差值低于6%;耐热冲击温度达到800℃以上,热疲劳性能可达500℃水淬50次以上.     

砂型铸造用型砂热物性参数的研究

利用数值模拟和试验的方法,研究了铸造生产用型砂的热物性参数。结果表明:型砂与铸件间距离对浇注后型砂温度变化影响明显;型砂导热系数随温度升高呈现"V"形变化趋势,即当型砂温度低于400℃时,型砂导热系数下降,温度高于400℃后,导热系数增加;而型砂的比热则呈现随温度升高而升高的趋势,但温度低于600℃时,比热明显增加,当温度高于600℃时,比热增加缓慢。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.