智能时代用户体验特点及其测量方法

目的 对智能系统与产品的时代特点及其用户体验测量方法进行分析,为用户体验测量方法提供新的技术研究思路。方法 以用户为中心的设计理论为基础,通过描述智能时代的系统与产品创新设计的用户体验特点、标准及需求,介绍了融合新技术特征的智能系统或产品在各领域的用户体验研究,突出创新设计驱动的以人为本思想,同时分析了产品全生命周期人机交互过程需求,介绍了一种新的基于多通道数据同步技术的定量化、客观的用户体验测量方法的功能及应用。结论 智能时代的产品与系统在体现智能技术主导的同时,也强调产品全生命周期的用户体验与融合先进技术的测量方法结合,促进了用户体验研究测量方法的革新,提升了系统或产品的社会需求价值,对实现用户体验战略化具有重要的意义。     

Unexpected discoveries and S-invention of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process

Designers, during a conceptual design process, do not just synthesize solutions that satisfy initially given requirements, but also invent design issues or requirements that capture important aspects of the given problem. How do they do this? What becomes the impetus for the invention of important issues or requirements? So-called ‘unexpected discoveries', the acts of attending to visuo-spatial features in sketches which were not intended when they were drawn, are believed to contribute to it. The purpose of the present research is to verify this hypothesis. Analysing the cognitive processes of a practising architect in a design session, we found that in about a half of his entire design process there were bi-directional relations between unexpected discoveries and the invention of issues or requirements. Not only did unexpected discoveries become the driving force for the invention of issues or requirements, but also the occurrence of invention, in turn, tended to cause new unexpected discoveries. This has provided empirical evidence for two anecdotal views of designing. First, designing is a situated act; designers invent design issues or requirements in a way situated in the environment in which they design. We call inventions of this sort situated-invention (S-invention). Secondly, a design process progresses in such a way that the problem-space and the solution-space co-evolve. Further, this has brought a pedagogical implication as well as an insight about an important aspect of learning by experience in design.     

Issues in storage-ring design for operation of high-gain FEL

A high-gain free electron laser (FEL), placed in a special by-pass of a storage ring, can provide tens of megawatts of coherent power at wavelengths shorter than 1000 Å. The requirements on beam quality (few hundred amperes of peak current, emittance of the order of 10^?8 m·rad, and relative energy spread less than 0.002), are demanding but lie within the limits of modern storage ring technology. In this paper, we study various issues in storage ring design and FEL physics for operation of a high-gain FEL. Topics included are the requirements on beam parameters for FEL operation, coherent instabilities and intrabeam scattering effects in the storage ring, lattice design, and FEL performance computed by 2-D simulations.     

基于LabVIEW的热电偶动态特性测试系统

随着航空技术的发展,对热电偶的动态特性评价提出了更高的要求。针对现有热电偶采集方案不能连续采集以及无法实时获取温度值的问题,设计了一套基于LabVIEW的热电偶动态特性测试系统,并与示波器采集方案进行数据比对。经试验验证,该测试系统可靠性高,自动化程度高,有效地提高了工作效率,为温度传感器相关性能的评价提供了支撑。     

Optimized sampling design and rationale for verification and validation

An optimized sampling design that meets customer, design, or process requirements, while balancing technology limitations, is still a common challenge to engineering communities. This is especially true in the medical device industry. Acceptance sampling plans for manufacturing are widely available, but the appropriate sampling plans for verification and validation (V&V) are less well known. This paper applies established statistical theory to derive sampling plans appropriate for estimating product reliability during V&V, where reliability must exceed an established threshold with an appropriate margin of statistical confidence. The paper provides insight on how to estimate parameters of interest and interpret acceptance criteria. Operating characteristic curves are used to examine if a design or process is capable of producing future product that meets design specifications and/or customer requirements in terms of confidence and reliability. The methodology is applied to both attribute and variable sampling plans, including examples showing how to achieve a high probability of passing the acceptance criteria. Formulas, sample size tables, and operating characteristic curves are provided for engineering practitioners to use. The paper aims at providing a practical quantitative approach and a valid statistical rationale to assess overall product quality during V&V.     

城际列车地下车站站台门系统的比选

以株洲-湘潭城际铁路地下车站为研究对象,结合当地的气象参数,利用SES软件建立一维数值模型,分别对车站采用屏蔽门和安全门系统的气流场、温度场进行了模拟分析,在保证符合设计规范条件下并充分考虑了人员舒适性以及节能要求,确定了采用屏蔽门的选择,为实际工程提供了设计参考。     

基于B2B2C的网络订餐电子商务平台设计与实现

基于B2B2C网络订餐电子商务平台,利用计算机技术、网络技术和远程通信技术,实现订餐企业商务(买卖)过程中的电子化、数字化和网络化,为快餐企业提供了一个信息化管理解决方案.在统一平台上规范了快餐行业的管理模式标准和业务需求,完成了网上订餐电子商务平台、订餐供应商管理信息系统、平台运营管理系统的设计.主要介绍网络订餐电子商务平台的开发与设计过程,阐述了系统的功能需求、主要技术要点和设计实现过程.     

奶粉罐合规性管理分析

目的 对食品接触材料细分领域中的奶粉罐进行分析,给奶粉罐生产及应用企业合规性管理提供指导。方法 从奶粉罐罐身、顶底盖、塑料盖勺等组成材料进行分析,研究中国、欧盟、美国等食品接触材料法规现状及其对奶粉罐的安全要求,并给出合规性管理建议。结果 国内外食品接触材料法规在体系建设和标准要求等方面存在差异,GB 4806系列标准正在制修订中且管控要求更加严格,奶粉罐中高关注物质增加,给相关企业合规性管理带来了挑战。非靶向筛查技术在食品接触材料领域的研究和应用,为奶粉罐合规性管理提供了参考。结论 奶粉罐相关企业应密切关注国内外食品接触材料法规要求及变化,识别新标准及新关注物质给奶粉罐合规性管理带来的影响,结合食品安全符合性测试、符合性声明传递以及非靶向筛查技术等方法应用,提升奶粉罐合规性管理水平。     

Measurement science versus measurement technology in theengineering curriculum

Measurement education within many engineering curricula may be described as `elementary' and `traditional'. In this paper it is argued that this style of presentation, with its emphasis on `recipe' and traditional measurements, is increasingly inappropriate for the requirements of modern engineering practice. This paper outlines two contrasting undergraduate units (subjects) in which measurement engineering is presented in a generic but systematic manner within two separate degree courses in electrical/electronic (and other) engineering. Both these subjects emphasise the science of measurement and measurement system design rather than the technology involved, this provides the student with a basis for, and some experience in, applications spanning a wide range of measurement requirements     

Quality management system in the CIEMAT Radiation Dosimetry Service

This paper describes the activities realised by the CIEMAT Radiation Dosimetry Service (SDR) for the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) in order to achieve compliance with the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025 and to apply for the accreditation for testing measurements of radiation dose. SDR has decided the accreditation of the service as a whole and not for each of its component laboratories. This makes it necessary to design a QMS common to all, thus ensuring alignment and compliance with standard requirements, and simplifying routine works as possible.     

基于虚轴机床的检测系统设计

 为满足现代制造对检测过程高精度、自动化、柔性化及100%在线检测的需要,基于最新研制的三杆五自由度虚轴机床,设计了一个检测系统.介绍了虚轴机床检测装置的结构和特点,以及检测装置的运动控制模型和数控系统组成.分析了检测系统软件设计的主要内容,利用商品化CAM软件进行检测轨迹规划,以G代码格式文件提交检测作业要求,并根据运动控制卡的要求编写检测过程控制及G代码指令解释程序,实现了检测系统的控制.为充分利用虚轴机床的优点,拓展虚轴机床的应用,适应新的需求,对新的检测系统进行了有意义的探索.     

R&D and design for the cryogenic and mechanical vacuum pumping systems of ITER

The next generation thermonuclear fusion machine ITER comprises large cryogenic pumping systems to process very high gas throughputs. The paper starts from a summary of the requirements for the torus exhaust pumping system and the neutral beam injection system for plasma heating and discusses the design solutions derived to match them. All ITER force-cooled cryopumps are based on a modular set-up and incorporate similar design of charcoal-coated cryopanels cooled to 4.5 K with supercritical helium. A systematic approach for how to design a tailor-made cryopump is presented. It is based on Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the overall capture coefficient being the primary design parameter. Experimental results measured with a model pump of representative scale are used to validate the design procedure. In the last part, the paper addresses the design issues to be solved for tritium-compatible forepumps with high pumping speeds.     

关于大规模并行处理机系统可扩展性设计

大规模并行处理系统旨在满足国防和国民经济许多重要应用领域对高性能计算能力的需求。长期以来,结构上的可扩性和编程上的友好性一直是并行计算机系统设计中追求的重要而又互相矛盾的两个目标。章结合研究实践,对大规模并行处理机系统（MPP）可扩展性设计的若干问题进行探讨。     

System integration design in MEMS — A case study of micromachined load cell

One of the critical issues in large scale commercial exploitation of MEMS technology is its system integration. In MEMS, a system design approach requires integration of varied and disparate subsystems with one of a kind interface. The physical scales as well as the magnitude of signals of various subsystems vary widely. Known and proven integration techniques often lead to considerable loss in advantages the tiny MEMS sensors have to offer. Therefore, it becomes imperative to think of the entire system at the outset, at least in terms of the concept design. Such design entails various aspects of the system ranging from selection of material, transduction mechanism, structural configuration, interface electronics, and packaging. One way of handling this problem is the system-in-package approach that uses optimized technology for each function using the concurrent hybrid engineering approach. The main strength of this design approach is the fast time to prototype development. In the present work, we pursue this approach for a MEMS load cell to complete the process of system integration for high capacity load sensing. The system includes; a micromachined sensing gauge, interface electronics and a packaging module representing a system-in-package ready for end characterization. The various subsystems are presented in a modular stacked form using hybrid technologies. The micromachined sensing subsystem works on principles of piezo-resistive sensing and is fabricated using CMOS compatible processes. The structural configuration of the sensing layer is designed to reduce the offset, temperature drift, and residual stress effects of the piezo-resistive sensor. ANSYS simulations are carried out to study the effect of substrate coupling on sensor structure and its sensitivity. The load cell system has built-in electronics for signal conditioning, processing, and communication, taking into consideration the issues associated with resolution of minimum detectable signal. The packaged system represents a compact and low cost solution for high capacity load sensing in the category of compressive type load sensor.     

On the considerations for the design of an automated aircraft sheet metal component production loft generation system

In this paper an ambitious production loft generation system (PLGS) is created to incorporate innovative and unique features of aircraft sheet metal component (SMC) lofts meeting the stringent standards of aircraft industry owing to non-availability of suitable public domain software. This system is fully tested and validated with the support of the aircraft industry. It provides for automated blank layout generation based on surface models utilizing some unique algorithms and vector logics created through research and development over a period of 15 years taking into account the material properties, flow direction and plasticity and strives to eliminate post forming trimming operations by utilizing the databases of the aircraft industry. For the first time such a custom built system is created, which incorporates industrial process data and provides a host of processing options, together with various design cum production features like mould lines, joggles, bend relief, tooling holes, pilot holes, cut outs, chamfers/fillets, inspection angles etc. and displays features needed for quality assurance as essential ingredients. It has inbuilt, intelligent, high efficiency processing features such as the utilization of symmetry facilitating fractional processing of the SMC. This paper includes a brief account of various issues related to the chronology of design of the systems, implementation of the design options, intricacies of methods deployed, their efficacy and combinatorial suitability. Crucial ground breaking new algorithms relevant to the production features are also elucidated in this paper.     

产品包装设计方法管理系统的设计

目的针对目前产品包装设计方法管理不足、重复设计现象严重等现象,设计一个产品包装设计方法管理系统。方法根据产品自身特性及在流通过程中所受外界环境的影响,采用编码技术对产品的包装特性进行总结和等级划分,并将产品包装特性分为高相关特性和低相关特性,以此为依据实现包装设计方法的分类和管理。结果系统主要由方法上传模块、方法检索模块、用户管理模块、方法管理模块和奖励系统组成,在上传包装设计方法时需同时录入对应产品的包装特性。方法检索模块主要采用编码技术、规则推理技术和相似度计算来实现对产品包装设计方法的智能检索。结论该系统上传方便,可按不同要求检索产品包装设计方法,优化了包装设计流程,减少了重复劳动。     

The Internet as a tool with application to agile manufacturing: A web-based engineering approach and its implementation issues

This paper presents a novel approach to implementing agile design and manufacturing concepts by using Internet-based technology. The underlying philosophy of the approach is to use web-based design and manufacturing support systems as smart tools from which design and manufacturing customers can rapidly and responsively access the system's built-in design and manufacturing expertise. The approach is described in detail with application examples. The major issues in implementing the approach are discussed with particular reference to using Java programming, client-server technology and open computing of design and manufacturing requirements. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of the proposed approach.     

Ti321钛合金轴箱铸件石墨型铸造工艺研究

目的 研究钛合金高铁轴箱铸件采用石墨铸型工艺时,铸件尺寸、成形及内部质量控制技术。方法 通过对高铁轴箱铸件的结构特点进行分析,针对铸件结构复杂、尺寸比较大、铸件成形比较困难、容易变形的特点,开展了铸型结构设计、铸件尺寸控制技术和铸件成形工艺等方面研究。采用多活块组合的石墨铸型,设计底注开放式浇注系统,利用Procast软件对高铁轴箱铸件的浇注方案进行了模拟分析。选用Ti321合金,设定合理的浇注参数,利用真空自耗电极凝壳炉对铸件进行浇注。结果 铸件成形良好,经过热等静压和后精整后的铸件,铸件内外部冶金质量和性能指标,满足客户标准要求,验证了方案的合理性。结论 铸件的计算机模拟对铸件工艺的设计提供了技术支撑,高铁轴箱铸件采用的石墨型浇注工艺比较合理。     

Blast resistant modular buildings for the petroleum and chemical processing industries

There exists a need for blast resistant yet portable buildings to protect personnel temporarily assigned duties within explosively hazardous areas. Blast resistant portable buildings (BRPBs) are a valuable asset for protection of temporarily assigned personnel involved in activities located near potential explosion sites. Portable. Stackable and modular. Blast designed and ductile.Several companies have designed products to meet this need. Blast resistant portable buildings are the size of a typical office trailer; however, they may be installed in a variety of configurations and floor plans. The buildings are similar in design and construction to steel shipping containers but they are larger in scale, are much stronger, and are intended to be occupied within hazardous areas.Typical siting issues for modular buildings involve blast related requirements, process related requirements and conventional loading requirements. Examples of these requirements include: Sliding and overturning during blast response. Positive pressure and forced ventilation requirements. Seismic and wind loading.This paper describes blast performance, structural siting issues, and presents different applications of blast resistant modular buildings that have been installed at various facilities.     

Developments in structural system reliability assessments of fixed steel offshore platforms

In recent years there have been significant developments in the area of system reliability assessments which are becoming increasingly important given the framework of the ‘goal setting’ regime and other changes that are taking place within the offshore industry. The objective of this paper is to review and critically examine recent developments in system reliability methods for fixed steel offshore platforms specifically and identify areas that need to be examined further to maximise the benefits from the use of these techniques.The paper examines the range of proposed methods for system reliability assessment of fixed steel offshore structures under extreme environmental loading. The associated characteristics of the various methods are examined and the paper concentrates in particular on the treatment of the resistance. The various system effects including both deterministic and probabilistic effects and their relative contribution to the overall system reliability are addressed. Key issues such as the modelling uncertainties and sensitivities, validation and benchmarking of the proposed methods are also examined. The study also highlights a number of technical and philosophical issues which need to be addressed to increase the benefits from system reliability applications in design and re-assessment of fixed platforms.