我国第一套高温超导电缆系统组装及调试试验胜利完成

由国家科技部“863”计划和北京市科委重大科技计划支持的“三相交流高温超导电缆研制及并网运行”项目取得重大进展。在北京云电英纳超导电缆有限公司及项目合作单位的积极努力下,一套完整的4m长、额定电流2000A的超导电缆系统于近日在北京云电英纳超导电缆有限公司完成组装调试试验。这套完整的电缆系统包括了电缆本体、电缆终端、制冷系统及在线监测系统等4个部分,是我国第一次完成整个高温超导电缆系统的研制,并在各项指标上达到了设计要求,标志着我国已经掌握了高温超导电缆系统的设计和制造技术。研制人员完成了超导电缆系统的预冷过…     

超导电缆项目多个课题通过验收

为业界带来重大发展机遇或推动业界产生变革的活动及事件4月29日,由北京市科学技术委员会主持,在北京云电英纳超导电缆有限公司召开了“高性能高温超导线材性能研究及其大规模产业化”、“高温超导电缆产业化系统集成”、“高温超导电缆终端的设计与制造”、“高温超导电缆制冷系统研发”4个课题的验收会。由石力开、刘建明、胡学浩、李来风和古宏伟等组成的验收专家组认真听取了课题承担单位所做的工作、技术报告,参观了超导实验室、4m超导电缆系统等,审查了有关验收资料,最后经过讨论一致同意通过验收。据悉,由云电英纳超导电缆有限公司完…     

10米10.5kV/1.5kA三相交流高温超导电缆低温系统

低温系统是该试验装置的一个主要分系统,采用增压过冷液氮冷却高温超导电缆及其电流引线,是国内首次采用过冷液氮循环冷却高温超导电缆的低温系统.低温系统包括两大部分:过冷液氮循环部分和制冷部分.在过冷液氮循环部分,以低温泵的扬程作为循环流动动力,液氮通过与制冷部分的热交换,获取冷量,被输送到高温超导电缆低温容器和终端,液氮通过与电缆的换热释放其冷量,最后回到气液分离器,进入下一个循环过程.制冷部分采用液氮减压降温获取冷量,其最大制冷量3.3kW,液氮消耗72 L/h.     

超导电缆循环过冷液氮温度场模拟

建立了循环过冷液氮在恒温器内迫流冷却超导电缆的模型,利用Fluent软件模拟了30 m电缆系统内液氮温度场在不同流量、终端漏热、交流损耗等工况条件下的变化情况。仿真结果表明,在终端漏热和交流损耗一定时,液氮出口断面的最高温度随流量的增大而降低;在流量和交流损耗一定时,液氮出口断面的最高温度随终端漏热的增大而升高;在流量和终端漏热一定时,液氮出口断面的最高温度随交流损耗的变化不明显。     

超导电缆波纹管内过冷液氮流动阻力特性研究

基于Fluent软件,采用30 m高温超导电缆模型,分析了波纹管几何结构对恒温器内液氮压力损失的影响,也与光滑管的流阻特性进行了对比分析.结果表明:压力损失与液氮流量的平方成正比,在相同体积流量下,过冷液氮在波纹管内的压力损失随着波纹管波距的增大而减小,随着波纹管波高的增大而增大.     

高温超导电缆研究及前景分析

<正>高温超导带材制备技术的进步,推动了世界范围内超导输电技术研究开发热潮。自20世纪90年代以来,美国、欧洲、日本、中国和韩国等国家和地区都相继开展了高温超导电缆的研究,进行了多组关于高温超导电缆的研制及示范运行等工作。2000年以来,关于高温超导电缆研究的重点主要集中在交流输电电缆上~([1]),电缆的主体绝缘也主要为冷绝缘的形式。目前,高温超导电缆已基本完成实验室验证阶段,逐步开始     

高温超导电缆实时监测系统及试验

介绍了用于10米长10．5kV／1．5kA三相交流高温超导电缆的实时监测系统。该系统采用NI分布式测量模块和数字电压表,通过计算机采集数据,能够在高温超导电缆的预冷和长时间通电运行时实时监测超导电缆中超导体的温度和循环冷却液氮的压力,能够监测超导电缆的通电电流和超导体上的电压,可以完成交流损耗试验。测量结果为研究高温超导电缆性能与相关参数变化的关系、研究高温超导电缆运行的最优条件奠定了一定的基础。     

2000安高温超导输电电缆的研制

介绍了6m长2000A高温超导直流电缆－－Bi-2223/Ag带材的主要性能和该高温超导输电电缆的设计、绕制和试验结果。电缆的导体由8层共238根Bi-2223/Ag带材在不锈钢波纹管骨架上螺旋绕制而成,导体的内径为41．5mm,导体层间绝缘,导体层外侧有低温电绝缘。电缆芯的外径为48mm,它安装在低温容器内,并与两个终端相连。电缆的直流耐压大于2．5kV。在液氮下的实验表明,电缆的临界电流为2480A,n值为7．7,接头总电阻为0．1μΩ,均优于设计指标。在1h传输2kA电流的运行中,电缆的传输特性稳定。经4次热循环,电缆的临界电流没有降低。     

新型功能材料

国内首个高温超导电力电缆项目在云南启动国内首个高温超导电力电缆项目在云南启动。一根长30m的高温超导电缆将被安装在电网中发挥效用。据负责这个项目的北京云电英纳超导电缆有限公司介绍,高温超导电缆能采用相对较低的电压进行长距离输电,减少电网线损一半左右,大大节约超高压线路建设的成本。由于高温超导电缆的传输电力是常规电缆的3倍～5倍,还可节约输电系统的占地面积和空间,保护生态环境。这个项目采用了耐克森公司的电气绝缘和热绝缘设备,其真空绝缘柔性低温外护套将保证高温超导导体在-200℃正常工作。据有关机构预测,到2020年,…     

高温超导电缆应用前景国际研讨会在上海举行

由北京云电英纳超导电缆有限公司、上海市电机工程学会和上海电缆研究所共同主办的“高温超导电缆应用前景国际研讨会”于2003年8月7日-10日在上海举行。来自美国、日本、韩国、德国、法国以及我国从事高温超导电缆应用与研究的专家学者进行了热烈而广泛的讨论。会议由北京云电英纳超导电缆有限公司总经理信赢博士主持。上海市电力公司总工程师曾德君做了《上海电力建设的前景》演讲;日本住友公司高温超导电缆项目负责人HiroyasuYumura介绍了日本东京电力/住友公司100m高温超导电缆项目,清华大学应用超导研究中心韩征和教授做了《应用超导…     

Design and AC Loss Analysis of a 22.9 kV/50 MVA Class Triaxial HTS Power Cable

Recently, triaxial high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables have become a mainstream design in the development of HTS cables because of several advantages, such as the reduced amount of HTS wire, low leakage fields, and compactness, when compared with other types of HTS cable. Unlike the AC loss from other types of HTS cable, the AC loss from the triaxial HTS cable is influenced by the magnetic fields of other phases, as the triaxial HTS cable does not have a shield layer between the phase conductors. The authors have designed a 22.9 kV/50 MVA class triaxial HTS power cable. The AC loss and the magnetic characteristics of the triaxial HTS power cable are analyzed using the Comsol program, a commercial finite element method. To confirm the characteristics of the triaxial HTS power cable by wire type, the characteristics of two wire types were applied to the FEM model.     

Investigation on AC loss of a high temperature superconducting tri-axial cable depending on twist pitches

High temperature superconductor (HTS) cables have been intensively studied because they are more compact compared with conventional copper cables. Since it is strongly expected that the HTS cables replace conventional power lines, some HTS cables are designed, manufactured, installed in power grids and tested to demonstrate full time operation. Recently, a tri-axial cable composed of three concentric phases has been developed, because of its reduced amount of HTS tapes, small leakage field and low heat loss when compared with single phase and co-axial HTS cables. The layers inside the tri-axial cable are subject to azimuthal fields applied from inner layers and axial fields applied from outer layers with different phase from their transport currents. These out-of-phase magnetic fields should be calculated under the condition of the three phase-balanced distribution of the tri-axial cable, and thereby AC losses should be evaluated. In this paper, the AC loss in the tri-axial HTS cable consisting of one layer per phase is theoretically treated for simplicity. The AC losses in the cable are calculated as functions of the twist pitches of HTS tapes. It is found that the AC losses rapidly decrease with increasing twist pitch.     

Development of an Impedance Matching Program for Balancing the Current Distribution in a Tri-axial HTS Power Cable

The tri-axial high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cable design has several advantages when compared with other HTS power cables. However, this design has an imbalance in the three phase currents, as the phase conductors of the tri-axial HTS power cable have different radii. The radii of the phase conductors impact the value of inductance and capacitance for the cable, and the values are determined by the winding pitch length and the winding direction. Thus, the current imbalance can be minimized through the adjustment of the winding pitch length, the radius of each layer, and the winding direction. It takes a lot of time to manually calculate an impedance and to find a matched impedance. So the impedance of the tri-axial HTS power cable, according to its shape, was analyzed and the impedance matching program (IMP) was developed using LabVIEW (Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench) to solve this problem. IMP finds the matching impedance automatically by calculating the impedance according to the tri-axial HTS cable dimension. Consequently, this could save a lot of time, and so this program will be applied to the design of the tri-axial HTS power cable effectively.     

Development of 500 m HTS power cable in super-ACE project

A high temperature superconducting power cable (HTS power cable) is highly promises as a low cost and large capacity power line. An HTS cable is also effective in increasing power capacity of underground cable in a city part. A demonstration of a 500 m HTS cable that contributes to research for commercial applications was planned in a part of “Super-ACE project” of METI (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). Furukawa Electric has been taking charge of designing, manufacturing and installation of the 500 m cable. The cable is a 77 kV 1 kA single-core cable with liquid nitrogen (LN₂) impregnated paper insulation. The manufacturing and the installation of the cable have been completed in November 2003, and now preparations of peripheral equipments are proceeding for a test starting in March 2004. This paper describes the design, manufacturing and installation of the 500 m HTS cable.     

A study on the surface flashover characteristics for a HTS cable termination

Terminal technology is important component to a HTS cable as well as a conventional cable. HTS cable terminations are required when the insulated shield HTS cables connect with other conductors such as a bus or a overhead lines. HTS cable terminations must span a temperature range from 77 K to 300 K. The termination is insulated with insulating oil or air, cryogenic gaseous nitrogen and liquid nitrogen. Particularly, difficult conditions for high voltage insulation had to be overcome with HTS cable. And, several environments can substantially raise the flashover possibility at the HTS cable termination. Therefore, in order to insulating design of HTS cable termination, this paper will report on experimental investigations of the surface flashover characteristics under various surface length and GFRP thickness in the atmospheric air, transformer oil, LN₂ at atmospheric pressure and complex condition.     

AC Loss of a Multi-Layer per Phase Tri-Axial HTS Cable with?Balanced Current Distribution

Recently, high-temperature superconductor (HTS) cables have been widely studied because of their compactness and high power capacity compared to conventional copper cables. In HTS cables, AC loss is an important issue since large losses reduce the efficiency of the power line. Among HTS cables, tri-axial cable is under intensive investigation recently, since it has a smaller amount of HTS tapes, small leakage fields and small heat loss in leak when compared with the three single-phase cables. For realizing high current capacity, more than one layer is required for each phase; therefore AC loss of the multi-layer tri-axial HTS cable should be carefully examined. In the tri-axial cable, different phase currents produce the out-of-phase magnetic fields on the other phase layers. In case of multi-layer arrangement, net magnetic fields on layer surfaces may exceed the penetration field of the HTS tape. Therefore in this paper, we analyze the AC loss of a tri-axial HTS cable which is composed of two layers per phase. Here, we treat the tri-axial cable which consists of two different longitudinal segments and thus satisfies balanced phase and homogeneous current distribution condition by controlling twist pitch and length of separate segments.     

Research and development of superconducting cable in Super-ACE project

Research and development of fundamental technologies for superconducting AC power equipments (called Super-ACE) project started as a national project in 2000 fiscal year by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization. This project is to research and develop the basic technology of high temperature superconducting cable (HTS cable), fault current limiter, and transformer. Main subjects of the cable in this project are to study the 3 kA superconducting cable conductor, cooling technology of 500 m HTS cable, and power system analysis of cable and AC equipments. The present paper describes the background of this project, target of each research subject, schedule of research and development, and major results of research activity in 2001.     

Feasibility of inline cooling in long distance HTS power line

Based on the most recent HTS cable projects worldwide, we discuss the possibility of making long liquid nitrogen cooled HTS lines. We use the concept of inline cryocoolers to achieve cables of infinite length. We model the cable temperature and pressure distribution and determine the cooling power needed per cryocooler as a function of the desired cable unit length. Repetition of this cable unit, including cryocooler and pumps, makes it possible to achieve cables of infinite length and opens the route to complex HTS power grids.     

高温超导材料及其应用前瞻

高温超导材料产业化进程的不断加快使得超导材料的应用领域越来越广。本文分别描述了第一代与第二代高温超导带材的优劣势等,并对其应用前景进行了分析,详细介绍了超导材料在超导电机、超导电缆等领域的应用情况,并对高温超导材料未来的应用前景进行了分析。