悬浮泥沙对粗糙底壁湍流场猝发的影响

本文建立了具有法向压力梯度项和沙粒作用项的粗糙底壁附近流场的运动方程，结合对粘性底层和过渡区内层交界面的分析方法和小扰动稳定性理论，由理论分析和数值计算得到了流动雷诺数、无量纲扰动波数、无量纲两相法向平均速度差、斯托克斯数、壁面的粗糙元以及悬浮沙粒的质量浓度等因素与水流底壁湍流猝发角乃至猝发难易程度的关系，部分结果与已有的实验结果进行了比较．文中所得结论有助于进一步了解挟沙水流近壁流场和悬浮泥沙的运动特性以及泥沙的沉积和输运机理．     

高含沙水流二维数值模拟

一定条件下的高含沙水流具有非牛顿体特性，在天然多沙河流中由于地形分布等因素的影响。流动强度差异较大，往往呈现非牛顿体和牛顿体两种不同的流动特性，本文通过引进水流在不同流动状态下的特征，通过数值实验计算对模型进行了初步检验，计算结果与实际观测到的一些现象定性上完全吻合。     

方箱式双向进水流道的优化水力设计

采用直接求解雷诺平均N－S方程和标准k－ε紊流方程组的方法，模拟了方箱式双向进水流道内的流动。提出了泵站进水流道优化水力计算的目标函数。对具有不同几何线型的双向进水流道进行了比较性优化计算，求得了方箱式双向进水流道的水力设计准则。理论计算与模型试验结果较为一致。     

方箱式双向进水流道的优化水力设计

采用直接求解雷诺平均Ｎ－Ｓ方程和标准κ－ε紊流方程组的方法，模拟了方箱式双向进水流道内的流动。提出了泵站进水流道优化水力计算的目标函数。对具有不同几何线型的双向进水流道进行了比较性优化计算，求得了方箱式双向进水流道的水力设计准则。理论计算与模型试验结果较为一致。     

明渠岸边横向取水口的三维数值计算

本文是在明渠岸边横向取水口的试验研究基础上的配套数值模拟。采用雷诺平均的N—S方程，以各向异性的雷诺应力模型(RSM)封闭方程组，用SIMPLEC算法对压力—速度场求解。计算结果与试验实测结果吻合较好，反映了此项模拟的可信性，可籍以扩大、分析一些运动规律。数值计算结果启示了横向取水口水流的复杂三维流动特性，据之对取水口附近水流各区的划分、水流的分离和反向流动、螺旋流以及床面剪应力的分布等复杂水力和泥沙输移物理现象有了进一步认识。     

等宽明渠交汇口水流一维数学模型

本文采用理论分析及试验手段，对等宽明渠缓流交汇水流进行了研究。对交汇口流动的各种影响因素进行了量纲分析，确定表征流动特性的主要物理量。根据水力学基本理论，建立了交汇口上下游水深比的普遍方程，方程中考虑了动量修正系数、动能修正系数、支流汇入角等影响因素的影响，并对水深比与交汇角、流量比及水流Fr数之间的变化关系进行了讨论。解析表达式的计算结果与实验结果符合较好。     

高含沙水流运动中的宾汉切应力

试验表明高含沙水流或高浓度浆液具有明显的宾汉体特性、宾汉极限剪切力是高含沙水流的重要物理特性.但这种剪切力在流动条件下是否继续保留,及其对流动特性的影响至今尚无统一认识.本文在评述已有试验结果基础上,提出一种新的试验方法,测定了宾汉极限剪切力在流动浆液中的变化规律.为高含沙水流,浆体管道的阻力及泥沙运动有关计算提供了依据.     

计算二维浅水方程中静水压力项与底坡项的积分平衡法

考虑静水压力项随水深的非线性变化,推导出计算二维浅水方程中静水压力项和底坡项的积分平衡法,以消除静水条件下的虚假流动。采用三角形网格的有限体积法模拟浅水流动,在以斜底模型逼近实际地形和控制体内变量线性分布的条件下,准确积分得出沿控制体界面的静水压力项和控制体上底坡项的表达式,从理论上证明了在静水条件下两者能够达到平衡。过丘恒定流算例计算结果表明,该算法能够使水流保持静水状态,不产生虚假流动。     

均匀流绕旋转圆柱分离流动的数值模拟

本文利用离散涡模型与边界层理论相结合的方法，研究了高雷诺数下，均匀流绕旋转圆柱的分离流动以及有关动力学特性，并验证了Magnus效应，数值模拟过程中，边界层方程用Keller盒式法求解，离散涡采用涡量均匀分布的圆形涡团模型并以涡核半径随时间增长来模拟涡旋的粘性扩散效应。在计算绕旋转圆柱的流动中，无须人为地引进非对称扰动，到一定时候就能自动形成交替脱落的涡街，旋转圆柱周向速度与来流速度比值α的变化范围为0.05-0.3。计算所得升阻系数、分离点的位置以及压力分布与理论和实验结果相符。     

非静态环境中负浮力射流模拟研究

以计算流体学软件Fluent为基础,通过求解基于雷诺数平均法(RANS)的标准紊流模型对非静态环境中第一种形式的负浮力射流进行了模拟和研究,并用Tecplot处理了Fluent计算求得的曲线,由此得出了该种形式的负浮力射流从开始到结束过程中不同时刻的水流流态图以及整个流动过程的流线分布图。将模拟结果与理论计算结果进行对比、分析,表明该模拟结果与理论计算结果和实际情况吻合,说明该模型和方法能够计算此类负浮力射流。     

水和泥沙交界面上输运过程的数值研究

本文发展了计算海水和泥沙界面附近流场以及流体质点的渗透过程的数学模型。该模型将两个流动区域作为整体考虑，建立统一的控制方程组，并用有限差分法进行求解。其优点是在界面上不使用任何界面条件。通过分析数值结果，得到了流动的水平速度剖面、浓度和压力分布、流体质点的Lagrangian运动等。计算结果与现有实验符合得很好。     

Water entry of decelerating spheres simulations using improved ISPH method

In this paper, we simulated the vertical impact of spheres on a water surface using three-dimensional incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics(3-D ISPH) method. The sphere motion is taken to be a rigid body motion and it is modeled by ISPH method. The governing equations are discretized and solved numerically using ISPH method. A stabilized incompressible SPH method by relaxing the density invariance condition is adopted. Here, we computed the motions of a rigid body by direct integration of the fluid pressure at the position of each particle on the body surface. The equations of translational and rotational motion were integrated in time domain to update the position of the rigid body at each time step. In this study, we improved the boundary treatment between fluid and fixed solid boundary by using virtual marker technique. In addition, an improved algorithm based on the virtual marker technique for the boundary particles is proposed to treat the moving boundary of the rigid body motion. The force exerted on the moving rigid boundary particles by the surrounding particles, is calculated by the SPH approximation at the virtual marker points. The applicability and efficiency of the current ISPH method are tested by comparison with reference experimental results.     

Receptivity of plane Poiseuille flow to local micro-vibration disturbance on wall

The receptivity of plane Poiseuille flow to local single-period micro-vibration disturbances with different phases at the top and bottom walls was investigated through direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Results show that the disturbance presents a symmetrical distribution in the spanwise direction when the micro-vibration on the wall ends, and the initial disturbance velocities and spatial distribution of the disturbance structure are different at the top and bottom walls. The disturbance’s velocity, amplitude, and high- and low-speed streaks increase with time, and the amplitude of streamwise disturbance velocity is larger than those of spanwise and vertical disturbance velocities. However, no significant Tollmien-Schlichting wave was found in the flow field. The number of disturbance vortex cores gradually increases with the disturbance area. High-speed disturbance fluid concentrates near the wall and its normal velocity largely points to the wall, while low-speed disturbance fluid largely deviates from the wall. Furthermore, the streamwise velocity profiles near the top and bottom walls both become plump because of the existence of the disturbances, and the streamwise velocity profiles show a trend of evolving into turbulent velocity profiles. The shear stress near the wall increases significantly. The local micro-vibration disturbance on the wall in plane Poiseuille flow can induce the development of a structure similar to turbulent spots.     

粘弹性流体平面收缩流动的数值模拟

在石油、化工、轻纺和材料等工业中，有大量粘弹性液体的流动问题。如原油升举过程和管道输送中的流动；聚合物溶液和纸浆的流动等。由于粘弹性具有复杂的流变性，实验模拟和解析求解都较困难，随着计算机和计算流体力学的发展，粘弹性流体流动的数值研究日益活跃，成为非牛顿流体研究的一个重要方向。粘弹性流体运动数值模拟的主要困难在于：当Ｒｅｙｎｏｌｄｓ数和Ｗｅｉｓｓｅｎｂｅｒｇ数达到一定值以后，方程组在求解域内是混合型的，既有椭圆型区又有双曲型区［１］，已有数值计算方法只是得到小Ｒｅ数（Ｒｅ≤８）和小Ｗｅｉｓｓｅｎｂｅｒｓ数（Ｗｅ≤０．４）的结果［２］，因此，探讨这类问题的数值方法有重要的实用意义。本文在二维Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ流体控制方程组类型分析基础上，采用类型相关格式求解原始变量方程，对粘弹性流体二维流动进行了数值模拟，得到收缩通道在Ｒｅ＝０～２０００和Ｗｅ＝０～０．８的流动结果。和已有算例比较，扩大了线性粘弹性流体的可计算范围，为进一步研究粘弹性流体三维流动的数值方法打下了基础。     

EFFECT OF NON-SPHERICAL PARTICLES ON THE FLUID TURBULENCE IN A PARTICULATE PIPE FLOW

In the non-spherical particulate turbulent flows,a set of new fluid fluctuating velocity equations with the nonspherical particle source term were derived, then a new method,which treats the slowly varying functions and rapidly varying functions separately, was proposed to solve the equations, and finally the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds stress of the fluid were obtained by calculating the fluctuating velocity statistically. The equations and method were used to a particulate turbulent pipe flow. The results show that the turbulent intensity and the Reynolds stress are decreased almost inverse proportionally to the fluctuating velocity ratio of particle to fluid. Nonspherical particles have a greater suppressing effect on the turbulence than the spherical particles. The particles with short relaxation time reduce the turbulence intensity of fluid, while the particles with long relaxation time increase the turbulence intensity of fluid. For fixed particle and fluid, the small particles suppress the turbulence and the large particles increase the turbulence.     

Evaluation of flow regime of turbidity currents entering Dez Reservoir using extended shallow water model

In this study, the performance of the extended shallow water model （ESWM） in evaluation of the flow regime of turbidity currents entering the Dez Reservoir was investigated. The continuity equations for fluid and particles and the Navier-Stokes equations govern the entire flow of turbidity currents. The shallow water equations governing the flow of the depositing phase of turbidity currents are derived from these equations. A case study was conducted on the flow regime of turbidity currents entering the Dez Reservoir in Iran from January 2002 to July 2003. Facing a serious sedimentation problem, the dead storage of the Dez Reservoir will be full in the coming 10 years, and the inflowing water in the hydropower conduit system is now becoming turbid. Based on the values of the dimensionless friction number （ Nf ≤1 ） and dimensionless entrainment number （ NE≤ 1 ） of turbidity currents, and the coefficient of determination between the observed and predicted deposit depths （R2 = 0.86） for the flow regime of negligible friction and negligible entrainment （NFNE）, the flow regime of turbidity currents coming into the Dez Reservoir is considered to be NFNE. The results suggest that the ESWM is an appropriate approach for evaluation of the flow regime of turbidity currents in dam reservoirs where the characteristics of turbidity currents, such as the deposit depth, must be evaluated.     

数值波浪水槽的建立与验证

由于Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程是从动量守恒定律出发，以对不可压缩粘粘性流体不引入地形限制，不考虑水深影响，是真正意义上从流体的运动规律出发的方程，因此本文以Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程为控制方程，用有限元法对它进行离散，建立了它的有限元特征方程，     

低渗透油藏渗流的差分法数值模拟

针对低渗透问题，给出了无量纲化的渗流控制方程、初始条件以及边界条件，并使用差分方法进行数值模拟。计算结果使用Gringarten-Bourdet图版进行井底压力分析，给出了一种计算动边界位置的方法，并详细讨论了动边界变化情况。     

高雷诺数下带自由表面的重力波的有限元数值模型

本文基于扩展的虚拟浓度和Sommerfeld线性辐射边界条件建立了数值波浪水槽。用有限元方法结合大涡模拟（LES）湍流模型在Euler坐标系统中求解了二维不可压粘性流体的N－S方程，而自由表面函数方程是在沿流体质点迹线定义的Lagrange系统中求解的。为了检验该数值波浪模型的有效性，本文中用该数值波浪水槽进行了海底管线在波浪场中受力的数值实验，并与物模实验的结果做了对比，其雷诺数Re为10700。     

基于浸入边界法的涡激振动流固耦合数值模拟方法

针对涡激振动的精确数值模拟,基于浸入边界法建立了一种处理涡激振动问题的流固耦合分区迭代数值求解模型,采用浸入边界方法处理振动结构的移动边界,并在Navier-Stokes方程中添加附加体力项以体现流固之间的相互作用。为实现流体与固体之间的强耦合作用,采用分区算法,在同一时间步内进行多次迭代求解直至收敛。为验证该方法,选用静止圆柱绕流与圆柱的"8"字涡激振动两个算例,与前人试验及数值计算所得结果展开对比,结果表明,该方法对涡激振动问题具有良好的适用性,有效性与准确性。研究成果可为工程领域中涡激振动问题的精确数值模拟提供了一种有效的计算方案。