聚结层排布对高压天然气净化用滤芯过滤性能影响的实验研究

本工作利用聚结滤芯过滤性能实验装置,通过改变滤芯内部的滤材排布,研究了聚结层为单一滤材以及由不同滤材排布组合的滤芯过滤性能,分析了聚结层排布方式对过滤效率、压降、饱和度及液体分布的影响。结果表明,由单一滤材组成的滤芯过滤效率随滤材孔径减小而增大,但孔径最小时由于压降较高,导致滤芯综合过滤性能反而最差。疏油在前、亲油在后的聚结层排布方式可提高滤芯过滤效率、减少液滴二次夹带,且以两层相同滤材交错排列的滤芯过滤效率比单层滤材交错排列明显更高,压降也相对较低,使得综合过滤性能显著提升。继续增加进气侧的疏油滤材层数可延缓压降增长、提高运行寿命,滤芯稳态品质因子达到最大值(0.30 kPa-1)。聚结层排布方式对滤芯过滤性能的影响主要通过改变液体分布形式而实现,且末层滤材的通道结构变化是导致不同聚结层排布方式的滤芯过滤性能出现差异的主要原因。     

折叠滤芯气液过滤性能测试及优化

采用聚结型滤芯气液过滤性能实验装置,研究了油雾加载率和表观过滤速度对折叠滤芯过滤性能的影响及涂覆粘合剂对折叠滤芯过滤性能的优化作用。结果表明,涂覆粘合剂后,滤材抗张力强度明显增大,滤材孔径减小。随油雾加载率增大,滤芯过滤层液体运移通道数增加,通道压降升高。初始压降随表观过滤速度增加而升高。粘合剂主要凝固在渗透性低的区域,压降变化较小。表观过滤速度增加抑制了二次夹带,折叠滤芯过滤效率升高,而由于粘合剂脱落,涂覆粘合剂的滤芯过滤效率下降。表观过滤速度为0.10 m/s时,随油雾加载率增大,聚结在滤材表面的粘合剂抑制夹带,滤芯过滤效率升高。     

孔径梯度分布对亲油型滤材气液过滤性能的影响

在天然气净化、大型旋转机械曲轴箱通风和压缩空气过滤等领域,气液聚结过滤器具有广泛的应用。利用滤材过滤性能实验装置,分析了气液过滤过程中不同孔径梯度分布的亲油型滤材的压降、穿透率和饱和度变化,比较了其过滤性能、内部液体分布特性以及对液滴二次夹带现象的影响。结果表明：在气液过滤过程“通道压降”阶段,孔径递增滤材压降和0.8 μm以上液滴穿透率的变化曲线具有明显的分层特征。不同孔径梯度分布滤材的稳态过滤性能存在明显差异,主要原因是滤材内部存在液体运移通道的传递现象。通过与孔径递减和孔径均匀分布滤材的稳态过滤性能对比,发现孔径递增滤材在保证较低压降的同时具有最高的品质因子,有利于减少液滴二次夹带现象的发生,且对0.8 μm以上不同粒径液滴均具有最高的过滤效率,即孔径递增滤材在气液聚结过滤器设计中更具优势。     

孔径梯度分布对亲油型滤材气液过滤性能的影响

在天然气净化、大型旋转机械曲轴箱通风和压缩空气过滤等领域,气液聚结过滤器具有广泛的应用。利用滤材过滤性能实验装置,分析了气液过滤过程中不同孔径梯度分布的亲油型滤材的压降、穿透率和饱和度变化,比较了其过滤性能、内部液体分布特性以及对液滴二次夹带现象的影响。结果表明:在气液过滤过程"通道压降"阶段,孔径递增滤材压降和0.8μm以上液滴穿透率的变化曲线具有明显的分层特征。不同孔径梯度分布滤材的稳态过滤性能存在明显差异,主要原因是滤材内部存在液体运移通道的传递现象。通过与孔径递减和孔径均匀分布滤材的稳态过滤性能对比,发现孔径递增滤材在保证较低压降的同时具有最高的品质因子,有利于减少液滴二次夹带现象的发生,且对0.8μm以上不同粒径液滴均具有最高的过滤效率,即孔径递增滤材在气液聚结过滤器设计中更具优势。     

气液过滤过程中液滴二次夹带现象分析

在天然气长距离输送过程中,天然气夹带的液滴严重影响压缩机组的安全可靠运行。利用所建立的滤芯过滤性能检测装置,以癸二酸二辛酯为实验介质,分析了天然气净化用滤芯气液过滤过程中液滴二次夹带现象的特征,比较了滤材润湿性和过滤速度等参数的影响。结果表明:当滤芯仅由聚结层组成时,滤芯过滤过程中存在液滴二次夹带现象,二次夹带将导致下游气体中液滴数量增多,且有较大液滴出现,稳态阶段滤芯累积效率在大粒径处下降;液滴在滤材表面的润湿性对二次夹带现象具有重要影响,可润湿型滤材表面更易出现液滴二次夹带现象,在相同过滤速度下,若需提高过滤效率,宜选用不可润湿型滤材制作工业滤芯;在0.1～0.3 m·s^-1过滤速度范围内,提高过滤速度可减少液滴二次夹带现象的发生,与不可润湿型滤芯相比,可润湿型滤芯过滤效果的改善更为明显;滤芯增加排液层可有效消除液滴二次夹带现象。     

空气过滤用玻璃纤维滤材的油雾聚结性能及改性优化

为了提高滤材对油雾液滴的过滤性能,采用油雾聚结过滤性能测试评价系统,对比不同精度等级的空气过滤用滤材性能,建立滤材表面改性优化方法.结果表明:液滴在滤材表面呈现过渡润湿特征,且随着滤材精度提高,压降曲线增长率上升、液滴二次夹带现象增强,但对亚微米液滴的综合过滤性能呈现先增后减趋势;液体表面张力增大后,在纤维表面铺展性变...     

天然气用聚结过滤元件性能的测定与分析

为了评价目前天然气净化用滤芯气液分离性能,利用聚结型滤芯气液过滤性能的检测装置研究了滤芯的放置方式、滤芯的有效厚度及填充密度等相关因素对气液过滤性能的影响。结果表明：在相同条件下,滤芯垂直于地面放置比水平位置放置时排液较顺畅,气液过滤效果较好,并且压降至少降低25%;不同材质滤芯,随着滤芯厚度在6~32mm范围内增加,滤芯稳态压降增加,过滤器出口液滴浓度减小,过滤性能提高;滤芯的填充密度增加,滤芯压降增大,过滤器出口液滴浓度减小。     

压缩机润滑油雾滤芯过滤性能分析与改进研究

利用现场高压和实验室常压滤芯性能评价装置，对比了不同工况下的滤芯过滤性能，分析了液体物性和油雾浓度对滤芯过滤性能的影响规律，提出了滤芯改进方法并进行了效果验证。结果表明，由于气液相互作用改变，高压下滤芯过滤效率相比常压略低，但常压工况过滤性能变化规律能反映现场实际运行性能。与气体流量相比，液体黏度对中效滤芯的过滤效率影响更大，且滤芯在过滤高黏度液体时才会出现压降的显著上升。油雾浓度对中效滤芯的压降影响受液体黏度控制，高黏度时压降随油雾浓度升高而升高，但低黏度时压降基本不随油雾浓度变化。由于流量对液滴扩散捕集作用的影响，低流量时滤芯对高黏度液体的过滤效率随油雾浓度降低反而升高。通过调整滤芯内部的滤材组成及排布方式，可实现小尺寸液滴的高效捕集，对癸二酸二辛酯液滴的过滤效率相比原滤芯至少提升50%。研究结果对于指导天然气储运过程中滤芯性能提升与机理认识具有重要意义。     

不同操作压力下的气液过滤特性分析

根据ISO-12500标准建立了压缩空气滤芯性能检测系统,将操作压力由0.1 MPa升至0.7 MPa,分析了操作压力对亲油型和疏油型两种滤芯内的液体分布、滤材饱和度和过程压降的影响. 结果表明,操作压力对疏油型滤芯的过程压降、液体运移与饱和度有显著影响,操作压力每上升0.2 MPa,滤芯初始压降上升0.32 kPa,各操作压力下滤芯润湿压降(平衡压降与初始压降的差)为4.5~5.1 kPa,0.7 MPa时最后1层滤材饱和度比0.1 MPa时上升了71%,饱和度沿气体流动方向呈凹型分布,小面积润湿区域增多,稳态压降前出现短暂跃升阶段,可能加剧滤芯二次夹带,导致过滤器下游管道内液滴数增多,降低过滤器效率;操作压力对亲油型滤芯的初始压降影响显著,操作压力每上升0.2 MPa,初始压降上升0.39 kPa;操作压力对液体运移与饱和度影响较小,不同操作压力下各层滤材饱和度的分布规律相同,液体分布无明显差异.     

天然气聚结滤芯气液分离性能研究

随着天然气的广泛应用,提高天然气的气体品质就显得尤为重要。主要研究天然气气液过滤分离。介绍了天然气生产和管输过程中主要的气液分离设备,其中聚结分离器的分离效率的高低主要取决于过滤元件即聚结滤芯的聚结作用的好坏,并对国内自主生产的滤芯与国外成熟技术研发的滤芯进行比较,对国内外滤芯的性能和效率优缺点进行重点分析研究,以便国内可以自主生产更适合的滤芯。研究表明国产滤芯的压降性能要落后于国外滤芯,而在过滤效率方面则具有优势,所以需要根据实际需求选择合适的滤芯。     

Influence of oleophobic modification on gas-liquid filtration performance of glass fiber coalescing elements

Gas-liquid coalescing elements are widely used in industrial fields such as compressed gas purification. Currently, the performance of coalescing elements is difficult to meet the growing needs of the industry. However, while increasing the filtration efficiency of the coalescing element, the resistance will increase simultaneously, which is not conducive to the optimization of the comprehensive performance. To develop low-resistance high-efficiency coalescing elements, the coalescing filter materials are modified by different concentrations of fluorosilicone acrylate solution. The evolution of pressure drop, filtration efficiency and secondary entrainment of the filter materials with different surface energy during the gas-liquid filtration process were analyzed, the modified filter materials were fabricated into coalescing filters for verification. The results showed that, the filtration efficiency of the modified filter materials was increased by approximately 10%, and the steady-state pressure drop was reduced by approximately 30%. The decrease in jump pressure drop caused by changes in the surface properties of the filter materials is the main cause of the decrease in steady-state pressure drop. The increase in filtration efficiency is caused by the enhancement of diffusion and inertial separation, and the reduction of secondary entrainment. For oleophobic filter materials with different surface energy, the pressure drop and filtration efficiency increase with the decrease of surface energy. The quality factor of the coalescing filter element can be increased by up to 92% after modification.     

Development of high efficiency particulate absorbing filter materials

We have developed new high efficiency particulate absorbing filter materials by bonding the fiber web with the help of high pressure water jets emerging from micron sized nozzles and subsequently coating the filters with a chemical binder. Two different types of nonwoven filters are produced by varying the water jet pressure during the bonding process. The performance characteristics of the filter materials are evaluated in terms of filtration parameters, such as filtration efficiency, dust holding capacity, and pressure drop. Filtration efficiency depends on the pore characteristics, namely pore size and their distribution in the filters. The developed filter materials have shown promising performance characteristics by capturing higher amount of dust particles with a relatively low pressure drop during use. These filter materials can be used for a wide range of industrial applications, where high filtration efficiency is required at low energy consumption. A fluid flow simulation is carried out by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to understand flow pattern during the bonding process. The CFD is also used to predict the pressure drop in the nonwoven filter materials during filtration process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Comparative performance of philic and phobic oil‐mist filters

The evolution of pressure drop, drainage rate, saturation, and efficiency of combined philic, and phobic oil mist filters in real‐time are examined. The experiments used four different filter configurations, with a combination of oleophobic and oleophilic fibrous filter media, and one oleophilic only reference. The effect of separating filter materials of differing wettability, with a mesh, was also explored. It was found that inclusion of a mesh between layers promoted increased drainage rates and resulted in a significantly lower pressure drop across the filter. The overall mass‐based filtration efficiency was also slightly higher for the configurations containing the mesh. Conversely, re‐entrainment of droplets from the rear face of the filter was only observed in filter configurations without the central mesh. Filters with oleophobic initial layers did not display a classical “depth filtration” pressure drop curve. The oleophobic media was found to possess lower steady‐state saturation than oleophilic media. Additionally, the steady‐state saturation of the oleophilic filter media, when placed at the rear of the filter, was lower when the central mesh was present. The saturation values were compared with recently published theory. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 2976–2984, 2014     

静电纺丝纤维滤材表征及其气液过滤性能

以聚丙烯腈与二甲基甲酰胺为原料配制纺丝溶液,采用静电纺丝技术制备玻璃纤维/聚丙烯腈纤维/玻璃纤维三层复合滤材,研究了纺丝溶液浓度与纺丝电压等参数对纤维形貌及尺寸的影响,分析了复合滤材的过滤性能. 结果表明,控制不同纺丝溶液浓度可得形貌不同的纤维,且溶液浓度越大纤维尺寸越大;纺丝电压对纤维形貌的影响较小,但增加纺丝电压使静电纺纤维层的孔径减小. 相比玻璃纤维滤材,复合滤材过滤效率明显提升,稳态效率最大可提升21%,最易穿透粒径效率最大可提升39%,但复合滤材孔径较小时,过程压降增加了一段跳跃阶段,纳米纤维层表面形成液膜,使复合滤材稳态压降升高.     

苯酚浓度对亲油疏水型滤材聚结性能的影响

为探究油品中非烃化合物对滤材聚结性能的影响，在固定含水量1000?10?6(wt)的油水乳状液中添加不同浓度的苯酚，研究亲油疏水滤材的除水效率及过程压降。结果表明，实验过程中滤材的压降有3个阶段：油品对滤材的润湿及水膜初步形成、滤材中水膜形成并稳定、水珠脱落与聚结的动态平衡。随苯酚浓度增加，滤材从疏水态经过渡态逐渐转变为亲水态，苯酚与水摩尔比约为1:3.3时，疏水态向过渡态转变，苯酚与水摩尔比约为1:1.6时，过渡态向亲水态转变，C6H6O(H2O)2是苯酚?水团簇最稳定的结合方式。     

Physical filtration efficiency analysis of a polyaniline hybrid composite filter with graphite oxide for particulate matter 2.5

Particulate matter (PM) 2.5 pollution is a prevalent environmental and public health issue that has raised serious global concerns. Because standard heating, ventilation, and air conditioning filters are incapable of filtering out PM 2.5 particles efficiently, different methods of PM 2.5 filtration, such as physical filtration and electrostatic filtration, are under investigation to develop a filter with a high filtration efficiency and a low pressure drop. According to various studies, pressure drop has a significant influence on the filtration efficiency. An equation for the theoretical trend was generated based on the composite data gathered from similar filtration studies and was used to evaluate the relationship between pressure drop and filtration efficiency. Here, the theoretical equation indicated that the filtration efficiency increased as the pressure drop on a filter increased until 0.01 psi where the efficiency remained near constant at approximately 99.9%. In this study, we introduce a graphite oxide (GO) and polyaniline (PANi) composite hybrid filter in order to create a low-pressure (1.2 psi) drop filter. By adding GO flakes to the PANi matrix, we not only produced a highly permeable filter while allowing continuous gas flow, but also achieved a remarkable and highly effective PM 2.5 filter with a filtration efficiency of 99.7 ± 0.08%.