集货需求模糊的异型车同时配集货路径优化

针对集货需求模糊的异型车同时配集货车辆路径问题(HFVRPSDDFP),基于先预优化再重优化的思路构建模型.预优化阶段根据可信度理论和车型选取方法为客户点分配车辆,生成配送方案.重优化阶段利用随机模拟算法(SSA)确定客户集货需求,对服务失败的客户点,制定服务策略,将模糊问题转化为确定型的异型车辆路径问题(HFVRP),并规划路径.设计遗传变邻域算法,通过测试确定邻域结构构造,将自适应搜索策略应用到邻域搜索过程中,保证迭代前期收敛速度和后期全局搜索能力.通过算例验证了本文模型及算法的有效性.     

随机需求车辆路径问题及混合变邻域分散搜索算法求解

随机需求车辆路径问题(capacitated vehicle routing problem with stochastic demand,CVRPSD)是对带容量约束车辆路径问题(capacitated vehicle routing problem,CVRP)的扩展,需求不确定的特点使其较CVRP更复杂,对求解方法要求更高.基于先预优化后重调度思想,提出两阶段的混合变邻域分散搜索算法(variable neighborhood scatter search,VNSS)对该问题进行求解:预优化阶段构建随机机会约束规划模型,对客户点随机需求作机会约束确定型等价处理,生成最优预优化方案;重调度阶段采用新的点重优化策略进行线路调整,降低因失败点而产生的额外成本,减少对人工和车辆的占用.算例验证表明,随机机会约束模型和两阶段变邻域分散搜索算法在求解CVRPSD时较为有效,点重优化策略调整效果较佳.     

求解带容量约束车辆路径问题的混合变邻域生物共栖搜索算法

针对带容量约束的车辆路径问题,提出一种混合变邻域生物共栖搜索算法.设计基于客户点优先序列及车辆参考点模拟信息的有序编码,该编码方案使生物共栖搜索算法可以参与CVRP的离散优化;为了提高算法的全局搜索能力,根据有序编码特点构造3种共栖搜索算子,扩大搜索空间;同时,结合变邻域搜索算法设计客户点重置、交换和2-OPT三种局部搜索策略,以提高解方案质量.算例验证分析表明,所提算法能够有效地解决容量约束车辆路径问题,求解质量优于所对比算法,具有可靠的全局稳定性.     

变邻域量子烟花算法求解CVRP

针对带容量约束的车辆路径问题，提出一种融合量子进化算法和变邻域优化策略的变邻域量子烟花算法。该算法采用等分随机键与最大位置法结合的实数编码方式，通过量子旋转门和非门变异提高算法全局搜索能力，同时运用结合2-Opt的变邻域优化策略加强局部搜索能力。选取17个基准算例进行参数实验和对比实验，实验结果表明，相对于对比算法，所提出的算法具有较好的寻优能力和收敛速度。     

模糊需求下时间依赖型车辆路径优化

针对客户需求模糊且有时间窗约束的时间依赖型车辆路径问题(TDVRP),基于先预优化后重调度的思想构建模型.在预优化阶段,依据可信性理论构建模糊机会约束优化模型处理客户点模糊需求;针对不同时间段道路的交通情况,采用Ichoua速度时间依赖函数表征车辆的行驶速度,并设计自适应大规模邻域搜索算法(ALNS)对其求解.在重调度阶段,应用随机模拟算法模拟客户点的真实需求,采用点重调度策略对预优化方案进行调整.通过改进的Solomon算例实验验证模型和算法的有效性.研究成果可丰富TDVRP问题的相关研究,为现实配送方案的优化决策提供理论依据.     

考虑随机旅行时间与二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径优化

面向越库配送模式下二维装载和车辆路径联合优化,考虑现实配送过程的不确定性因素,提出考虑随机旅行时间和二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径问题.基于蒙特卡洛模拟与场景分析方法,建立以运输成本、车辆固定成本以及时间窗期望惩罚成本之和最小化为目标的带修正随机规划模型.继而根据问题特征,设计改进的自适应禁忌搜索算法和基于禁忌搜索的多重排序最佳适应装箱算法进行求解.其中,改进的自适应禁忌搜索算法在禁忌搜索算法的基础上引入自适应机制,对不同邻域算子进行动态选择,并提出基于移除-修复策略的多样性机制以增强算法的寻优能力.数值实验表明,所提出的模型与方法能够有效求解考虑随机旅行时间和二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径问题,自适应与多样性机制能一定程度上增强算法的全局搜索能力.     

混合分散搜索算法求解带容量约束车辆路径问题

设计一种解决带容量约束车辆路径问题的混合分散搜索算法. 在基本分散搜索的基础上, 保留参考集更新策略和组合策略的全局搜索能力. 采用随机插入法作为解的多样性产生方法, 以扩大搜索空间, 避免陷入局部最优.应用简化的变邻域搜索作为改进策略进行局部开发, 引入邻域半径减少策略提高开发效率. 对改进后的新种群实施精英保留策略, 保证算法收敛. 实验结果分析表明, 混合分散搜索算法优于所对比的算法, 寻优能力可靠.

     

有禁飞区的时间依赖型车辆与无人机协同配送路径优化

本文针对有禁飞区的时间依赖型车辆与无人机协同配送路径问题,综合考虑分时段禁飞的无人机禁飞区域、车辆行驶速度连续变化、车辆及无人机能耗等因素,以车辆派遣成本、车辆能耗成本、无人机能耗成本之和最小为目标建立优化模型.根据问题特征,设计遗传变邻域搜索算法对其进行求解.针对遗传算法易早熟、局部搜索能力较差等缺陷,将变邻域搜索算法与其结合以增强算法的局部搜索能力,引入自适应邻域搜索次数以增强对种群的搜索深度,采用精英保留策略不断改进最优解.通过多组算例验证了算法的有效性,并分析了配送模式、禁飞区数量、车辆行驶速度变化对配送方案的影响,结果表明禁飞区及车辆速度等因素在很大程度上影响物流配送成本.研究成果不仅丰富了车辆与无人机协同配送的场景,拓展了VRP问题的研究,也为物流企业制定配送方案提供了依据.     

多目标动态车辆路径问题建模及优化

针对物流配送中动态车辆路径优化问题,综合考虑动态需求、路网影响、车辆共享、时间窗以及客户满意度,建立了多目标动态数学规划模型,该模型能更好地描述现代物流配送问题.同时,提出一种两阶段求解策略,第一阶段采用多目标混合粒子群优化算法获取预优化阶段Pareto最优解,采用改进的粒子状态更新策略并融合模拟退火操作提升粒子群搜索性能,采用自适应网格技术保持解的分布性;第二阶段对客户的需求变化采用贪婪插入和变邻域搜索进行实时路径调整.实验表明,该算法在解空间中有更好的探寻能力,并能快速收敛到全局最优,满足动态路径优化实时性要求.     

求解带容量和时间窗约束车辆路径问题的改进蝙蝠算法

带时间窗和容量约束的车辆路径问题是车辆路径问题重要的扩展之一,属于NP难题,精确算法的求解效率较低,且对于较大规模问题难以在有限时间内给出最优解.为了满足企业和客户快速有效的配送需求,使用智能优化算法可以在有限的时间内给出相对较优解.研究了求解带容量和时间窗约束车辆路径问题的改进离散蝙蝠算法,为增加扰动机制,提高搜索速度和精度,在对客户点按其所在位置进行聚类的基础上,在算法中引入了变步长搜索策略和两元素优化方法进行局部搜索.仿真实验结果表明,所设计算法具有较高寻优能力和较强的实用价值.     

一种求解多校多车型校车路径问题的元启发算法

针对多种车型可用的多校校车路径问题(SBRP),建立数学模型,并提出了一种迭代局部搜索(ILS)元启发算法进行求解。该算法引入并改进了带时间窗的装卸一体化问题(PDPTW)求解中的点对邻域算子,并使用可变邻域下降搜索(VND)完成局部提升。局部提升过程中,设计一种基于路径段的车型调整策略,尽可能地调整车型,降低成本,并允许接受一定偏差范围内的邻域解以保证搜索的多样性。对于局部提升得到的最好解,使用多点移动方法对其进行扰动,以避免算法过早陷入局部最优。在国际基准测试案例上分别测试多校混载和不混载模式下算法的性能,实验结果验证了设计算法的有效性。进一步使用提出的算法求解单车型多校SBRP问题,并与后启发算法、模拟退火算法和记录更新法等算法进行比较,实验结果表明该算法仍然能够获得较好的优化效果。     

A memetic algorithm for the multi-compartment vehicle routing problem with stochastic demands

The multi-compartment vehicle routing problem (MC-VRP) consists of designing transportation routes to satisfy the demands of a set of customers for several products that, because of incompatibility constraints, must be loaded in independent vehicle compartments. Despite its wide practical applicability the MC-VRP has not received much attention in the literature, and the few existing methods assume perfect knowledge of the customer demands, regardless of their stochastic nature. This paper extends the MC-VRP by introducing uncertainty on what it is known as the MC-VRP with stochastic demands (MC-VRPSD). The MC-VRPSD is modeled as a stochastic program with recourse and solved by means of a memetic algorithm. The proposed memetic algorithm couples genetic operators and local search procedures proven to be effective on deterministic routing problems with a novel individual evaluation and reparation strategy that accounts for the stochastic nature of the problem. The algorithm was tested on instances of up to 484 customers, and its results were compared to those obtained by a savings-based heuristic and a memetic algorithm (MA/SCS) for the MC-VRP that uses a spare capacity strategy to handle demand fluctuations. In addition to effectively solve the MC-VRPSD, the proposed MA/SCS also improved 14 best known solutions in a 40-problem testbed for the MC-VRP.     

多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的车辆路径优化

针对多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的车辆路径问题,构建了以车辆配送距离最短为目标的多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的数学模型。设计大变异邻域遗传算法进行求解,采用二维染色体编码及顺序交叉策略,同时运用大变异策略和邻域搜索策略提高算法全局和局部的寻优能力,通过算例对比验证了所提模型与算法的有效性。算例实验表明,大变异邻域遗传算法在求解多中心物流配送车辆路径问题上求解质量较优、求解效率较高、求解结果较为稳定,同时验证了联合配送下多中心半开放式送取需求可拆分的配送模式优于独立配送下单中心送取需求可拆分的配送模式。研究成果不仅拓展了车辆路径问题,还可为相关快递物流企业配送优化提供决策参考。     

Skewed general variable neighborhood search for the cumulative capacitated vehicle routing problem

The cumulative capacitated vehicle routing problem (CCVRP) is a relatively new version of the classical capacitated vehicle routing problem, and it is equivalent to a traveling repairman problem with capacity constraints and a homogeneous vehicle fleet, which aims to minimize the total arrival time at customers. Many real‐world applications can be modeled by this problem, such as the important application resulting from the humanitarian aid following a natural disaster. In this paper, two heuristics are proposed. The first one is a constructive heuristic to generate an initial solution and the second is the skewed variable neighborhood search (SVNS) heuristic. The SVNS algorithm starts with the initial solution. At each iteration, the perturbation phase and the local search phase are used to improve the solution of the CCVRP, and the distance function in acceptance criteria phase is used to improve the exploration of faraway valleys. This algorithm is applied to a set of benchmarks, and the comparison results show that the proposed algorithms provide better solutions than those reported in the previous literature on memetic algorithms and adaptive large neighborhood search heuristics.     

An efficient variable neighborhood search heuristic for very large scale vehicle routing problems

In this paper, we present an efficient variable neighborhood search heuristic for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. The objective is to design least cost routes for a fleet of identically capacitated vehicles to service geographically scattered customers with known demands. The variable neighborhood search procedure is used to guide a set of standard improvement heuristics. In addition, a strategy reminiscent of the guided local search metaheuristic is used to help escape local minima. The developed solution method is specifically aimed at solving very large scale real-life vehicle routing problems. To speed up the method and cut down memory usage, new implementation concepts are used. Computational experiments on 32 existing large scale benchmarks, as well as on 20 new very large scale problem instances, demonstrate that the proposed method is fast, competitive and able to find high-quality solutions for problem instances with up to 20,000 customers within reasonable CPU times.     

Active guided evolution strategies for large-scale vehicle routing problems with time windows

We present a new and effective metaheuristic algorithm, active guided evolution strategies, for the vehicle routing problem with time windows. The algorithm combines the strengths of the well-known guided local search and evolution strategies metaheuristics into an iterative two-stage procedure. More precisely, guided local search is used to regulate a composite local search in the first stage and the neighborhood of the evolution strategies algorithm in the second stage. The vehicle routing problem with time windows is a classical problem in operations research, where the objective is to design least cost routes for a fleet of identical capacitated vehicles to service geographically scattered customers within pre-specified time windows. The presented algorithm is specifically designed for large-scale problems. The computational experiments were carried out on an extended set of 302 benchmark problems. The results demonstrate that the suggested method is highly competitive, providing the best-known solutions to 86% of all test instances within reasonable computing times. The power of the algorithm is confirmed by the results obtained on 23 capacitated vehicle routing problems from the literature.     

Estimation-based metaheuristics for the probabilistic traveling salesman problem

The probabilistic traveling salesman problem (PTSP) is a central problem in stochastic routing. Recently, we have shown that empirical estimation is a promising approach to devise highly effective local search algorithms for the PTSP. In this paper, we customize two metaheuristics, an iterated local search algorithm and a memetic algorithm, to solve the PTSP. This customization consists in adopting the estimation approach to evaluate the solution cost, exploiting a recently developed estimation-based local search algorithm, and tuning the metaheuristics parameters. We present an experimental study of the estimation-based metaheuristic algorithms on a number of instance classes. The results show that the proposed algorithms are highly effective and that they define a new state-of-the-art for the PTSP.     

混合粒子群算法求解带软时间窗的VRPSPD问题

针对带软时间窗的同时集配货车辆路径问题（VRPSPD）,建立了以车辆派遣成本、行驶成本和时间窗惩罚成本之和最小为目标的车辆路径优化模型;设计混合粒子群算法进行求解,该算法结合以变邻域下降搜索为主体的适应性扰动机制,采用适应性选择邻域策略,并在每个邻域搜索中应用可变的循环次数,以此提高对解空间的探测能力和搜索效率。数值实验结果表明了该算法的可行性和有效性。