谈我国汽车燃料的代用问题

论述了我国发展汽车代用燃料的重要意义,指出天然气汽车燃料的优越性以及发展天然气汽车的可行性,提出我国推行使用天然气汽车存在的问题和建议     

谈我国汽车燃料的代用问题

论述了我国发展汽车代用燃料的重要意义,指出天然气汽车燃料的优越性以及发展天然气汽车的可行性,提出我国推行使用天然气汽车存在的问题和建议。     

天然气用做汽车替代性燃料的储气方式研究

通过天然气和汽油用做汽车燃料的对比，得出了用天然气作为车用燃料的可行性和必要性；分析了当前汽车用天然气的三种储气方式，液化天然气，压缩天然气和吸附天然气，并比较三种储气方式的优缺点，最后说明了采用天然气作为汽车代用燃料的重要意义。     

天然气利用新技术

阐述了能源是实现我国经济可持续发展的重要保障．也是人类赖以生存的基础。分析了世界天然气新技术的发展．从燃气联合循环发电、汽车代用燃料、民用液化燃料、天然气制冷技术、燃料电池等五个方面讲述了天然气利用新技术的应用。     

甲醇——一种新型的汽车代用燃料

由于石油储藏量的逐渐下降,世界各国都把汽车代用燃料作为重要的研究课题。从研究情况看,甲醇作为汽车代用燃料是有发展前途的。而我国煤炭和天然气资源十分丰富,具有发展甲醇生产工业的优越条件。1.甲醇的理化性能甲醇作为一种碳氢化合物,其理化性能与汽油极其相似。它是一种无色、透明的液     

汽车代用燃料的开发

为减少对不可再生石油能源的过度开采和环境污染 ,用于汽车的许多种代用燃料已经被开发出来 ,主要有压缩天然气、液化石油气、醇燃料、合成燃料、二甲醚、生物柴油、氢及燃料电池等。压缩天然气和液化石油气是较好的代用燃料 ,将会被大量应用 ;醇燃料是清洁燃料 ,但当要避免甲醇的毒性问题时 ,乙醇可代替 ;合成燃料有两种 ,一种是合成气经费 托反应制取液体燃料 ,另一种是通过煤液化反应制取 ;二甲醚和氢制备方法较成熟 ,均是清洁燃料 ,适用不同的发动机 ;生物柴油以天然植物油为原料 ,有环保和润滑特性 ,但高粘度影响了它的应用 ;燃料电池…     

燃料甲醇的生产和应用

一、唯一现实的代用液体燃料具有最佳性质燃料的甲醇,在生产技术上已经获得成功。其时价比包括税款在内的汽油价格还要便宜些,如果再能利用开采海外僻壤的未利用天然气资源并以超规模地大型生产而由超级油轮(Very larg Crude Carrier)输入时,其基本发热量也可获得比蒸馏油价廉。作为现实的代用燃料虽有煤炭与液化天然气(LNG)来担当,但因均非液体而难以代替汽车等用蒸馏油的用途。从而助长了     

提氢尾气提纯液化天然气技术应用

0前言目前,液化天然气(LNG)作为清洁能源在我国得到应用及推广。作为可持续发展的清洁能源,以LNG取代燃油后,可以减少90%的二氧化硫和80%的氮氧化物排放,环境效益十分明显,是汽车的优质代用燃料;可以预见,在汽车燃料方面将逐步用LNG或天然气代替燃油。近年来,它已被世界许多国家重视和推广。LNG使用高效、     

二甲醚燃料市场前景分析

二甲醚作为民用气体燃料和汽车代用燃料的性能优越。文中对二甲醚的市场前景进行了分析。     

节约能源减轻大气污染的有效途径——发展天然气汽车工业

本文对压缩天然气作汽车燃料的节能性、经济性及减轻大气污染等问题进行了分析,对以天然气为燃料的汽车工业的发展现状进行了论述,指出在四川以及沪州发展天然气汽车已具备了必要条件。     

Nationwide energy supply chain analysis for hybrid feedstock processes with significant CO2 emissions reduction

Integrating diverse energy sources to produce cost‐competitive fuels requires efficient resource management. An optimization framework is proposed for a nationwide energy supply chain network using hybrid coal, biomass, and natural gas to liquids (CBGTL) facilities, which are individually optimized with simultaneous heat, power, and water integration using 162 distinct combinations of feedstock types, capacities, and carbon conversion levels. The model integrates the upstream and downstream operations of the facilities, incorporating the delivery of feedstocks, fuel products, electricity supply, water, and CO₂ sequestration, with their geographical distributions. Quantitative economic trade‐offs are established between supply chain configurations that (a) replace petroleum‐based fuels by 100%, 75%, and 50% and (b) utilize the current energy infrastructures. Results suggest that cost‐competitive fuels for the US transportation sector can be produced using domestically available coal, natural gas, and sustainably harvested biomass via an optimal network of CBGTL plants with significant GHG emissions reduction from petroleum‐based processes. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012     

Combined Decarbonization of Electrical Energy Generation and Production of Synthetic Fuels by Renewable Energies and Fossil Fuels

Power generation from renewable energy sources and fossil fuels are integrated into one system. A combination of technologies in the form of a carbon capture utilization (CCU)-combined power station is proposed. The technology is based on energy generation from fossil fuels by a coal power plant with CO₂ recovery from exhaust gases, and pyrolysis of natural gas to hydrogen and carbon, completed by reverse water-gas shift for the conversion of CO₂ to CO, which will react with hydrogen in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis for synthetic diesel. The carbon from the pyrolysis can replace other fossil carbon or can be sequestered. This technology offers significant CO₂ savings compared to the current state of technology and makes an environmentally friendly use of fossil fuels for electricity and fuel sectors possible.     

D-S证据理论在天然气门站安全评价中的应用

天然气门站是一个复杂的系统.为对天然气门站系统进行安全评价,将D-S证据理论引入其中,来解决评价过程存在的问题.利用D-S证据理论建立了天然气门站安全评价的模型.实例表明,天然气门站系统用D-S证据理论来进行安全评价是有效的、可靠的.     

陕京管道榆林压气站噪声监测与分析

榆林压气站作为陕京管道一、二、三线上游枢纽增压站,担负着为北京、华北地区等环渤海经济带输送天然气的重任,它是坐落在毛乌素沙漠南缘的一颗明珠。榆林压气站站场面积大设备多,对噪声影响的控制尤为重要。笔者通过站场环境噪声的监测与分析,明确了站场主要噪声源及其强度,分析了噪声产生的原因并提出对进出站管道加隔音层,在离心压缩箱处加装隔音罩,在压缩机的驱动机箱和动力缸排气烟管外表面包裹吸声材料等具体的噪声治理措施。进一步改善站内声环境,消除或降低噪声对人员造成的职业危害。     

A novel power generation system based on moderate conversion of chemical energy of coal and natural gas

This paper proposes a novel power generation system that implements mutually beneficial use of natural gas and coal. In conventional power plants fossil fuels are usually directly burned with air to convert the chemical energy to thermal energy for power generation. In combustion processes, about 30% of exergy of fuels is destructed, and the decrease in the irreversibility of combustion processes has large potential to improve the performance of power plants. The new system attempts to use chemical exergy of fuels before combustion through coordinated use of coal and natural gas. First approximate 60% of coal is gasified in a gasifier with air and steam as oxidant, then, the unconverted residuals (char) and natural gas are utilized synthetically based on the method of char-fired reforming to generate syngas, in which the combustion of char will drive the methane/steam-reforming reaction. The fuel gas from the partial gasification of coal and syngas from char-fired reforming are mixed together and fed into a combined cycle for power generation. As a result, the overall thermal efficiency of the new system is about 51.5% based on the current turbine technologies and the net thermal efficiency of coal to electricity of the new system can reach near 48.6%. The results obtained here may provide a new way of using coal and natural gas more efficiently and economically.     

State-of-the-art processes for manufacturing synthetic liquid fuels via the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis

Processes for manufacturing synthetic liquid fuels on the basis of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis from alternative feedstock (natural gas, coal, biomass of various origins, etc.) are surveyed. State-of-the-art technology, companies that offer such processes, and the quality of products in comparison with their oil analogs, as well as economic features of the processes, are considered.     

Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz in Systemen mit neuen Energieträgern und Brennstoffen

Corrosion and corrosion protection in systems utilizing new energy sources and fuels . New energy carriers such as methanol, ethanol, hydrogen, and biogas are of increasing interest for the substitution of the fossil fuels oil, natural gas, and coal. The analysis of production, handling, and use of such energy carriers with regard to materials and corrosion protection technology gives various results. Some of the problems can be solved by conventional technologies (production of ethanol and biogas). For others, further development work is needed (production of methanol; methanol and ethanol as substitute motor fuels). The problems encountered within the framework of a hydrogen energy technology are known and can be solved for the handling of hydrogen but they are still unsolved for special production processes (hybrid processes with sulfuric acid).     

Oxidative Desulfurization of Hydrocarbon Fuels

New requirements for very low sulfur content (10 ppm) in liquid motor fuels demand novel approaches for ultra-deep desulfurization. For production of near-zero-sulfur diesel and low-sulfur fuel oil, removal of refractory sulfur compounds, like 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene and other alkyl-substituted thiophene derivatives, is necessary. Elimination of these compounds by hydrodesulfurization (HDS) requires high hydrogen consumption, high pressure equipment, and new catalysts. Various oxidative desulfurization processes, including recent advances in this field for diesel fuels, and the drawbacks of this technology in comparison with HDS are examined and discussed. It is shown that the oxidation of sulfur compounds to sulfones with hydrogen peroxide allows for production of diesel fuels with a sulfur content of 10 ppmw or lower at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The gas phase oxidative desulfurization of sulfur compounds with air or oxygen is feasible at atmospheric pressure and higher temperatures: 90–300 °С and offers better economic solutions and incentives.     

Methane number testing of alternative gaseous fuels

Alternative gaseous fuels, like syn-gas and bio-gas, are attractive fuels for internal combustion engines due to energy and environmental concerns. Although the worldwide use of alternative gaseous fuels has increased, the knock properties of these fuels are not well understood. The methane number (MN) knock rating technique was selected based on its range and sensitivity. Eight alternative gaseous fuel compositions were simulated with a gas blending system and tested for MN in a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) F-2 engine. The alternative gaseous fuels ranged from 24 to 140 MN (natural gas typical range 75-95).     

基于层次分析和灰色关联分析法的城市天然气门站安全评价

城市天然气门站安全状况好坏,直接决定了整个城市天然气系统能否正常、平稳运行,为此提出运用层次分析和灰色关联分析法对城市天然气门站进行安全状况分析。通过对天然气门站危险因素的分析,建立了门站安全评价指标体系,运用层次分析法得出评价指标权重,运用灰色关联分析得出参评数据序列与标准数据序列之间的关联度,关联度最大值所对应的标准安全等级,即为天然气门站安全等级,并针对评价结果,给出相应的日常安全工作重点。用该方法对常州天然气门站进行安全评价,得到门站安全等级为Ⅱ级,这与门站实际运行状况相符,说明用该方法对城市天然气门站进行安全评价是有效的、可靠的。能够为城市天然气门站安全管理提供依据。