采用激光扫描与CCD探测系统的大型工件平行度垂直度测量仪

研制出一种采用激光扫描与ＣＣＤ探测系统的大型工件平行度、垂直度测量仪，它以稳定的准直激光束为测量基线，配以回转轴系，旋转五角棱镜扫出互相平行或垂直的基准平面，将其与被测大型工件的各面进行比较。在加工或安装大型工件时，可用本仪器测量面间的平行度及垂直度，本认识采用ＣＣＤ光电探测系统及单片机，直接测出被测点相对于基准平面相应点的高度变化值，最后由计算机根据高度变化值算出平面度、平行度及垂直度，仪器的测     

<平尺校准规范>中值得商榷的问题及建议

作者对2003版<平尺校准规范>(JJF 1097-2003)中的问题,进行了探讨,并提出了建议.     

电梯导轨校正检测器组测量线与主基准面平行度校准方案的设计

本文通过对电梯导轨校正检测器组工作原理分析,设计了一套校准方案并研制了一套校准装置,解决了电梯导轨校正检测器组测量线与主基准面平行度校准的问题。     

平尺直线度公差值计算式的研究

分析比较了世界主要工业国家平尺工作面直线度公差值的计算式，得出我国际准采用的计算式确定的分差值倨于我国国家检定规程规定值和各国际准给出值。文中建议国家规程修订时采用国家标准确定值，以利平尺使用精度的提高。     

关于对同轴度测量的商榷

《计量技术》杂志 2 0 0 0年第 11期 (总第 315期 )第51页中刊载的《自制同轴度测量装置》一文 ,我认为存在以下问题 ,值得商榷。1 出现新、旧形位公差术语混用情况。我认为在文章中 ,不应同时出现同轴度和不同轴度术语。因为同轴度为形位公差现行国标的术语 ,而不同轴度为旧的形位公差国标中用过的术语 ,早已被淘汰不应再使用 ,也不应该将其混用。2 存在对新、旧形位公差带的理解偏差。在文章中提到 :“将被测件旋转一周 ,记录下指示表的示值变化 ,其值的 1/2即为同轴度误差” ,我认为是错误的。因为形位公差现行国标中规定 ,同轴度公差带…     

导轨对回转轴线的平行度误差分离法

本文论述了在圆柱度等形位项目的测量过程中，分离导轨对回转轴线平行度误差的原理、方法和应用场合，给出了该方法的软件流程图，并对这种方法的测量准确度进行了分析。     

研磨平尺直线度测量方法的探讨

研磨平尺直线度测量方法的探讨李俊（青海省计量测试研究所）用准直仪测量平直度，在平板、平尺及有平直度误差要求的零件中，已得到广泛的应用。它可以测量零级以下精度要求的平直类量具，其特点是：测量方法简单、迅速，能比较准确地测量出平直度误差。对于研磨平尺这类...     

平行平晶平面度测量结果的不确定度评定

本文依据JJG29-2000《平晶检定规程》,使用平面等厚干涉仪,对平行平晶平面度的不确定度进行了分析,给出了完整的不确定度评定过程,为平行平晶平面度校准提供了完善的不确定度评定方法。     

平尺直线度的测量不确定度分析

本文主要利用高等数学求导的方法对测量平尺直线度的不确定度分析。     

位置度检测计算的一些体会

通过几个实例详细介绍位置度检测时正确计算位置度误差的方法。     

广告创意中形象的作用

作为一种视觉文化,广告广泛地传播关于世界、社会的信息,且大部分是通过图像的表征,即图像符号.广告创意中的图像符号通过视觉形象对广告传播起了独特的作用,我们要明确的区别形象的载体与文字、意义的载体,然后去探讨这些对于说服大众去利用广告传播的影响.     

强化环保意识发展"绿色包装"

近些年来,与日俱增的包装垃圾给环境保护带来相当大的压力,成为各国政府颇感头痛的问题.一些发达国家迫于资源危机和防治污染的双重压力,纷纷开发"绿色包装".目前,包装材料资源再生回收利用已在欧美等发达国家形成工业体系.其成功经验和作法值得我们借鉴.美国实施包装废弃物处理收费与重复使用.据美国<包装文摘>介绍佛罗里达州政府正积极推行<废弃物处理预收费法>,简称ADF,把处理包装废弃物的费用让自由选择商品消费者承担.为了鼓励包装容器生产商支持该法律的实施,ADF规定只要达到一定的回收再利用水平即可申请免除包装废弃物的税收,根据美国环保局(DEP)每年各种材料回收率,凡回收达50%以上的容器可免除预收费,以鼓励所有生产者保证他们的产品至少有一半可收利用,目前美国每年的废旧纸盒回收量高达4000万t以上,回收的包装旧纸盒利用化学方法处理后可重复利用.     

商标:企业的形象产品的护卫

商标,一枚方寸图案,人们有很多十分形象的表述:有人说它是为商品鸣锣开道的使者,是把企业产品介绍给顾客的"红娘",是企业产品的"护身符",是开启市场的"金钥匙",是产品走向市场的"通行证",是企业跨入国际市场的"金护照".没有自己的商标,就没有自己的市场.随着市场竞争的日益激烈和改革开放的不断深化,商标在经济活动中的地位和作用日益显著.     

差值法与比值法的误差修正效果比较研究及应用

差值法与比值法对不同测量系统的误差修正效果不一样.本文将两种方法的比较用一个比值来描述,并用推得的公式进行量化表示.在进一步的应用研究中,理论分析与实验数据相互印证,同时得到许多有益的结论,有助于全面掌握测量系统的误差来源,从而灵活选择各种修正方法以获得更加准确的测量结果.     

Method of including the anisotropy of the optical properties of the surface and the nonunidimensionality of the system in determining the effective radiation

Based on the method of successive substitutions, an integral equation is derived in which multiple reflections are explicitly identified. This equation is used provide simple methods of estimating the local effective radiation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems of surfaces, with due regard for the anisotropy of their optical properties. A cylindrical cavity confined by the surface of a right circular cylinder with a side pyrometric hole is treated as an example. The results obtained by the suggested method are compared with the data of direct solution of an integral equation for the two-dimensional problem.     

人机结合效率的实验研究

为了研究人机结合效率的高低，通过对操作复杂程度不同的器材进行实验分析：在同一教练员的组织下，不同层次的学习对象的人机结合效率；在不同教练员的组织下，同一层次对象的人机结合效率。通过实验研究表明：学习对象层次或教练员不同，其人机结合效率都存在着明显差异。同时探讨了一些教学方面的对策。     

对“实验室资质认定评审准则“中“改进“要素的理解

本文对《实验室资质认定评审准则》中的"改进"管理要素结合实际管理经验总结的个人粗浅认识与理解.     

Reflections on the fable of the caliph,the ten architects and the philosopher

This paper discusses whar are the proper criteria for decision-making in planning and design. A parable introduces three principles by which to justify decisions: the principle of indifference or chance, the principle of absolute truth and the principle of idoneity, where the idoneus is ‘that which is proper to, and conforms with, the ends and intentions’.     

Study on the interaction between the shape and the temperature field of the melt in the electromagnetic shaping process

Based on analyses for the electromagnetic pressure on the melt and the heat induced in the melt, the ratio of heat to pressure Q₀/P_m is defined, to give the relationship between Q_o/P_m and the thickness a, the electromagnetic parameter (μγ) of the melt and the electric current frequency/under the electromagnetic confinement and shaping process. If Q_o/P_m is large, any adjustment to the melt shape will easily cause a variation of the temperature in the melt. In this situation, there appears to be a more sensitive interaction between the shape and the temperature field and a more narrow adjustment range for the process. Experiments on thin plate samples with a cross-section of 6 mm × 18 mm are done with two kinds of induction coils. The results show that when a coil with a trumpet inside wall is used and the positions of the melt top and the S/L interface are properly selected, the melt periphery is nearly vertical and the temperature gradient ahead of the S/L interface is high. Under these conditions, a more stable and wider coupling between the shape and the temperature field is continuously maintained and samples with a smooth surface and unidirectional crystals are successfully obtained.     

Study on the interaction between the shape and the temperature field of the melt in the electromagnetic shaping process

Based on analyses for the electromagnetic pressure on the melt and the heat induced in the melt, the ratio of heat to pressure Q₀/P_m is defined, to give the relationship between Q₀/P_m and the thickness a, the electromagnetic parameter (μγ) of the melt and the electric current frequency f under the electromagnetic confinement and shaping process. If Q₀/P_m is large, any adjustment to the melt shape will easily cause a variation of the temperature in the melt. In this situation, there appears to be a more sensitive interaction between the shape and the temperature field and a more narrow adjustment range for the process. Experiments on thin plate samples with a cross-section of 6 mm×18 mm are done with two kinds of induction coils. The results show that when a coil with a trumpet inside wall is used and the positions of the melt top and the S/L interface are properly selected, the melt periphery is nearly vertical and the temperature gradient ahead of the S/L interface is high. Under these conditions, a more stable and wider coupling between the shape and the temperature field is continuously maintained and samples with a smooth surface and unidirectional crystals are successfully obtained.