Low-Complexity Estimation of DOA and Angular Spread for an Incoherently Distributed Source

In this paper, a low-complexity method is proposed for the parametric estimation of an incoherently distributed (ID) source, using a uniform linear array. Based on the Taylor approximation property of the noise-free covariance matrix, the proposed method firstly decouples the estimation of the nominal direction-of-arrival (DOA) from that of the angular spread. And then utilizing the nominal DOA estimation and a special cost function, the angular spread can be estimated by constructing one-dimensional (1-D) searching spectrum. Compared with some existing techniques, our approach requires a much lower computational cost and can exhibit a better estimation performance in a single ID source case, especially for low signal-to-noise ratio. Simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed method.     

基于稀疏表示的相干分布式非圆信号的参数估计

基于稀疏表示技术,该文提出一种相干分布式非圆信号的参数估计新方法。该方法将信号的非圆特性引入分布式信源模型,充分利用非圆信号的特性,联合阵列输出协方差矩阵和椭圆协方差矩阵,并将其矢量化之后表示在受制于稀疏限制的过完备字典上;然后将DOA估计转化为一个稀疏重构问题,能够一次性求解出中心DOA和角度扩展。仿真结果表明,该方法适用于各种非圆率的非圆信号,具有较好的信噪比性能和分辨力,所提出的方法还能对圆和非圆信号同时存在的情况进行有效估计。     

A Fast Decoupled Nominal 2-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Coherently Distributed Source

In this paper, we consider the problem of the nominal 2-D (azimuth and elevation) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for coherently distributed source. This new approach is based on the rotation matrices of three parallel uniform linear arrays as deduced, which has decoupled the nominal 2-D DOA from those of angular spreads. The estimator makes use of the eigenvalue decomposition to beamspace data to estimate the nominal elevation DOA. And then using a new cross-correlation matrix, the nominal azimuth DOA estimates are decoupled from the elevation estimates and can be obtained with no searching. The proposed algorithm has lower computational complexity particularly when the radio of array size to the number of source is large, at the expense of negligible performance loss. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于非圆信号的二维测向算法

提出了一种基于窄带非圆信号的二维测向算法,利用非圆信号的椭圆协方差矩阵非零特性将阵列有效阵元数和孔径同时扩展,提高多信号检测的能力。进一步通过利用L阵的几何性质和两子阵间的互相关来滤除噪声,提高角度估计精度,并采用快速算法获得信号方位角和俯仰角。最后计算机仿真结果验证了该方法由于利用非圆信号特性比传统测向算法的估计性能更高。     

The effects of local scattering on direction of arrival estimationwith MUSIC

In wireless communication scenarios, multipath propagation may cause angular spreading as seen from a base station antenna array. Environments where most energy incident on the array is from scatterers local to the mobile transmitters are considered, and the effects on direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with the MUSIC algorithm are studied. Previous work has studied rapidly time-varying channels and concluded that local scattering has a minor effect on DOA estimation in such scenarios. In this work, a channel that is time-invariant during the observation period is considered, and under the assumption of small angular spread, an approximate distribution for the DOA estimates is derived. The results show that local scattering has a significant impact on DOA estimation in the time-invariant case. Numerical examples are included to illustrate the analysis and to demonstrate that the results may be used to formulate a simple estimator of angular spread. An extension to more general Rayleigh and Ricean fading channels is also included. In addition, results from processing experimental data collected in suburban environments are presented. Good agreement with the derived distributions is obtained     

Efficient 2-D DOA and frequency estimation for L-shaped array via RD-PM

This paper addresses the issue of joint two-dimensional direction of arrival (2-D DOA) and frequency estimation via reduced-dimensional propagator method (RD-PM) with L-shaped array. The proposed algorithm has no need for eigenvalue decomposition of the sample covariance matrix and simplifies three-dimensional global spectral search within the three-dimensional propagator method (3-D PM) to one-dimensional local search, which greatly reduces computational complexity. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm can work under both uniform and non-uniform L-shaped array and can achieve paired 2-D DOA and frequency estimates automatically. In addition, the 2-D DOA and frequency estimation performance for the proposed method is approximate 3-D PM algorithm and parallel factor (PARAFAC) method but exceeds the estimating signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm and improved PM algorithm. The detailed derivation of Cram´er-Rao bound (CRB) is provided and the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed approach.     

高斯白噪声下L阵二维波达方向快速估计

针对L型阵列,提出一种在高斯白噪声环境下的二维波达方向( DOA)快速估计方法。首先利用阵列结构特点构建两个互协方差矩阵,同时实现了噪声分量的有效抑制,再依据协方差矩阵的性质构造了波达方向矩阵。对该矩阵进行一次特征分解即可分别得到包含方位角和俯仰角信息的方向矢量和方向元素,实现二维DOA估计。该算法避免了传统算法的谱峰搜索或大矩阵构造及其特征分解过程,计算量小,且参数自动配对。仿真结果表明,该算法在低性噪比和少快拍下的估计精度与2 D ESPRIT算法近似,但计算复杂度大幅降低,适用于实时性高的工程应用背景。     

非均匀噪声下频率及二维到达角的联合估计

提出一种适用于L型阵列的频率及二维到达角联合估计新算法.算法通过不同子阵的互协方差矩阵构建平行因子模型,应用三线性交替最小二乘算法求解,无需参数配对及多维搜索,可有效抑制非均匀噪声.均方根误差的仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

Simplified Estimation of 2D DOA for Coherently Distributed Sources

In mobile communications, local scattering in the vicinity of the mobile results in angular spreading as seen from a base station antenna array. In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating the two-dimensional (azimuth and elevation) direction-of-arrival (DOA) parameters of spatially distributed sources. Based on double parallel uniform linear arrays (ULAs), a simplified method without spectrum-peak searching is proposed for the 2D DOA estimation of multiple coherently distributed (CD) sources. The proposed method firstly obtains two approximate rotational invariance relations with respect to the nominal DOAs of CD sources by using one-order Taylor approximation to the generalized steering vectors (GSVs) of two pairs of shifted subarrays. And then a new ESPRIT-based method is utilized to estimate the nominal azimuth DOA and nominal elevation DOA. In addition, a simple parameter matching approach is also given. Compared with the conventional methods, our method has significantly reduced the computational cost and can sustain the estimation performance within a tolerable level. Moreover, our method is a blind estimator without any prior knowledge about angular distribution shape. Numerical examples illustrate the performance of the method.     

Covariance matrix based fast smoothed sparse DOA estimation with partly calibrated array

To solve the problem of direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation for partly calibrated array, a new gain-phase error matrix estimation scheme and a smoothed sparse signal reconstruction method tailored for the complex-valued covariance matrix are proposed. In the proposed method, DOA estimation is achieved by employing the structure of the covariance matrix for the error matrix estimation and the complex-valued gradient matrix based fast non-convexity data reconstruction. The proposed method has much faster computational speed than other sparse DOA estimation methods with partly calibrated array. In addition, simulation results show that it performs well and is independent of the errors.     

非均匀噪声背景下混合信号DOA估计算法

针对非均匀噪声背景下非相关信源与相干信源并存时波达方向(DOA)估计问题，提出了基于迭代最小二乘和空间差分平滑的混合信号DOA估计算法。首先，该算法利用迭代最小二乘方法得到噪声协方差矩阵估计，然后对数据协方差矩阵进行“去噪”处理，利用子空间旋转不变技术实现非相关信源DOA估计；其次，基于空间差分法消除非相关信号并构造新矩阵进行前后向空间平滑，利用求根MUSIC算法估计相干信源DOA。相比于传统算法，该算法能估计更多的信源数，在低信噪比情况下DOA估计性能更优越。仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。      

A subarray-synthesis based 2D DOA estimation method

In some satellite communications, we need to perform Direction Of Arrival （DOA） angle estimation under the restriction that the number of receivers is less than that of the array elements in an array antenna. To solve the conundrum, a method named subarray-synthesis-based Two-Dimensional DOA （2D DOA） angle estimation is proposed. In the method, firstly, the array antenna is divided into a series of subarray antennas based on the total number of receivers; secondly, the subarray antennas＇ output covariance matrices are estimated; thirdly, an equivalent covariance matrix is synthesized based on the subarray output covariance matrices; then 2D DOA estimation is performed. Monte Carlo simulations showed that the estimation method is effective.     

相干源二维波达方向估计

本文分析了平面阵接收信号的协方差矩阵，发现它可分解为一个广义对称矩阵与一个非广义对称矩阵之和，利用信号协方差矩阵的这一结构特征，重点研究了相干源二维波达方向（DOA）估计．该方法通过构造一个差矩阵，求出其本特征值对应的任一特征向量，利用谱函数估计相干源二维DOA．简要分析了二维DOA估计的分维处理。     

估计相干与非相干信源的ESPRIT新方法

在目前信号波达方向（DOA,Direction-of-Arrival）估计中,ESPRIT算法是一种速度快、精度高的常用算法,但对于低信噪比下混合信号（同时含有相干与非相干信号）,ESPRIT算法难以估计出它们的DOA。提出了一种新的同时估计相干与非相干信源的ESPRIT方法,新方法充分利用数据协方差矩阵的自相关信息和互相关信息来重构含有信号方位信息的矩阵,再从它的特征值中解得信号的到达角。新方法解决了常规ESPRIT算法不能解相干,对信噪比要求高等问题,且与同类算法相比较,分辨能力和估计精度明显提高。仿真实验证明了该方法在混合信号估计中的优越性和可靠性。     

基于原子范数的互质阵列协方差矩阵重构算法

针对互质阵列的虚拟阵列插值过程中协方差项的非均匀加权问题,将互质阵列协方差矩阵重构转换为低秩矩阵填充与原子范数重构,提出基于原子范数的互质阵列协方差矩阵重构算法。该算法先利用广义增广法得到非完备的互质阵列协方差矩阵,并利用截断的均值奇异值门限填充法得到虚拟阵列的协方差矩阵初值,然后对其进行原子范数最小化求解,实现稳健的正定Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构。该算法充分利用互质阵列协方差矩阵信息,有效提高互质阵列DOA估计算法的稳定性,降低计算复杂度。     

一种基于L阵的二维解相干测向算法

本文对高斯白噪声环境下基于L型阵列二维测向的ESPRIT算法进行了改进.该算法利用阵列结构特点通过平滑原理获得3个互相关矩阵,然后由3个矩阵构造一个特殊大矩阵并对其进行奇异值分解来估计信号子空间,最后利用2D-ESPRIT方法实现二维测向.该算法估计精度高,运算量小,能够对相干信号进行估计.     

采用降秩多级维纳滤波器的二维DOA估计快速算法

针对双平行线阵的二维波达方向(DOA)估计问题,为有效降低计算复杂度,提出了一种基于降秩多级维纳滤波器(MSWF)的快速算法。首先利用MSWF的前向递推实现信号子空间的快速估计,无需估计协方差矩阵和特征分解;然后,通过MUSIC算法对方位角和俯仰角的估计进行分维估计,使二维DOA估计退化为两个一维DOA估计问题,且方位角和俯仰角自动配对,进一步降低了运算量。仿真结果表明,该方法的估计精度优于同样基于双平行线阵提出的波达方向矩阵法(DOAM),俯仰角兼并时同样适用,计算复杂度低,适用于实时性要求高的应用背景。     

Computationally efficient 2-D DOA estimation for uniform rectangular arrays

A computationally efficient two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation method for uniform rectangular arrays is presented. A preprocessing transformation matrix is first introduced, which transforms both the complex-valued covariance matrix and the complex-valued search vector into real-valued ones. Then the 2-D DOA estimation problem is decoupled into two successive real-valued one-dimensional (1-D) DOA estimation problems with real-valued computations only. All these measures lead to significantly reduced computational complexity for the proposed method.     

基于均匀圆阵相干信源的二维DOA估计

随着通信技术的不断发展,信号传输环境变得日益复杂。针对多径传播形成的高度相关和相干信号测向问题,提出了一种基于均匀圆阵相干信源的二维DOA估计方法。该方法利用均匀圆阵轴向虚拟平移解相干,通过去噪后利用虚拟子阵的自协方差矩阵和互协方差矩阵构造波达方向矩阵,利用该矩阵特征分解估计信号的俯仰角;然后将平滑后的自协方差矩阵与波束空间变换矩阵相乘,使圆阵的导向矢量具备范德蒙结构,最后用求根MUSIC算法估计出信号的方位角,完成了相干信号的二维DOA估计。该方法无需二维谱峰搜索,方位角和俯仰角自动配对,计算量小,分辨率高。仿真实验证明了所提方法的正确性。     

基于Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构的互质阵列DOA估计方法

针对基于互质阵列的欠定DOA估计方法对于虚拟阵元非连续部分利用率不高的问题,该文提出一种基于Toeplitz协方差矩阵重构的DOA估计方法。首先,从互质阵列差联合阵的角度分析虚拟阵元分布特性,结合其与协方差矩阵中各元素得到的波程差存在对应关系,将协方差矩阵进行扩展得到一个数据缺失的高维协方差矩阵;然后,根据矩阵填充理论,用迹范数代替秩范数进行松弛,对缺失元素进行填充;最后,利用现有root-MUSIC方法进行DOA估计。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法提升了虚拟阵元的利用率,从而增加了虚拟孔径和可估计信号数,同时无需对角度域进行离散化处理,有效消除了模型失配的影响,并且避免了正则化参数选取问题,提高了估计精度和分辨率。