形状记忆合金的二维本构模型

形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,简称SMA)的二维本构模型是在SMA由奥氏体和马氏体动态组成的基础上建立起来的.在一定的应力与温度范围内,由于马氏体是弹塑性的,则把奥氏体的行为假设为线弹性的,SMA行为被认为是每一相单独行为的动态组合.利用传统的塑性理论提出了SMA的二维本构模型,此模型可以用来描述SMA的主要特征,如铁弹性、形状记忆效应和伪弹性等,计算结果比较符合实验结果.     

多晶铜和铝单轴棘轮行为的循环晶体塑性本构模拟

针对实验揭示的面心立方金属多晶紫铜和多晶纯铝的单轴棘轮行为演化特征,采用一种基于晶体塑性理论的循环多晶塑性本构模型,对这两种多晶金属材料的单轴棘轮行为进行了本构描述。采用的循环多晶塑性本构模型中使用了一种简单的显式尺度过渡法则。结果表明:该本构模型对两种材料的单轴棘轮行为及其应力幅值和平均应力依赖性给出了很好地理论描述;同时,还揭示了面心立方单晶棘轮行为对单晶晶向的强烈依赖性。     

多轴非比例加载下循环硬化的数值模拟

本文应用一整合的粘塑性本构模型数值模拟了高温多轴非比例循环应力作用下退火316型不锈钢的循环硬化。文章中具体描述说明了该本构模型方程及其材料参数的构成与物理意义。本构方程的所有材料参数均由简单单轴实验得出,圆形与方型单轴扭转循环应力路径下本构方程的数值模拟结果由实验结果证实了本构模型的可行性,最后该本构模型扩展的可能性亦得到分析与讨论。     

双程形状记忆效应的唯象动力学模型

构造可以用于描述一维结构的形状记忆合金（SMA）的双程形状记忆效应的唯象动力学模型. 该模型基于与形状记忆合金中热弹性相变有关的唯象理论,将应力场和热场下的滞回环曲线视为马氏体相变和马氏体变体重构在宏观层面上的表现. 为了模拟温度诱发的相变,构造非凸自由能函数,使得函数的每个局部平衡对应于相变过程中的一个相. 在外部负载（力或者热）的作用下,可以通过模拟系统状态（应变）在不同平衡态之间的转变,研究温度诱发的相变. 相变动力学的控制方程采用拉格朗日方程,以非线性微分方程来表示. 利用非线性常微分方程描述单程形状记忆效应,通过对不同相变过程的加权组合描述双程形状记忆效应. 开展有关力和热负载下的数值实验,模拟热和应力诱发的相变以及热负载下与单程形状记忆效应和双程形状记忆效应有关的滞回环,模拟马氏体重构所导致的单滞回环以及超弹性效应所引起的双滞回环. 从实验结果可以看出,双程形状记忆效应及超弹性效应均可以被提出的模型成功捕捉,验证了该模型的描述能力.     

Al—Si合金固液共存区流变行为的实验研究

在自行研制的实验装置上研究了Al-Si合金固液共存区的流变行为。测试了Al-Si合金的流变参数值,考察了流变参数与温度的关系,建立了描述合金流变行为的流变模型和本构方程,在不同的温度区间流变模型可进行简化。     

生物软组织的正交各向异性超弹性材料模型及数值模拟

建立了正交各向异性超弹性材料的本构方程来描述生物软组织的大变形过程,应用超弹性有限元方法对生物组织实验进行了数值模拟.通过计算结果与实验结果的对比可知与实验结果拟合较好,说明这种超弹性材料模型能够描述生物软组织的超弹性、大变形行为.     

使用遗传算法增强GH4169高温合金BP-ANN本构模型的预测稳定性（英文）

为了更好地描述GH4169高温合金的塑性流动行为,利用Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机进行了不同变形温度和应变速率下的GH4169高温合金等温热压缩试验。基于真实应力-应变数据建立了GH4169高温合金反向传播人工神经网络(BP-ANN)本构模型,并进一步考察了本构模型的预测稳定性与模型参数之间的关系。预测结果发现,GH4169高温合金BP-ANN本构模型的输出对模型参数具有很强的依赖性。针对这一问题,本研究采用遗传算法(GA)优化BP-ANN本构模型的方法,建立GA-BP-ANN集成本构模型。优化后的结果表明,GH4169高温合金的GA-BP-ANN集成本构模型大幅增强了BP-ANN本构模型的预测稳定性,提升了BP-ANN本构模型的泛化能力。     

高温下TC4合金的黏塑性本构模型研究

TC4合金广泛应用于高温环境下，基于TC4合金的单轴蠕变试验和高温拉伸试验研究了其高温下的黏塑性本构模型。提出一种不统一的考虑损伤的黏塑性本构模型，将非弹性应变分解为蠕变应变和塑性应变两部分，蠕变应变采用多轴延性耗竭模型计算，塑性应变通过考虑损伤和随动硬化的屈服函数计算，并推导了该模型的有限元隐式积分算法和一致切向模量。使用遗传算法确定了该模型所需的材料参数，通过Abaqus有限元软件的UMAT子程序将该模型进行编程并采用三维八节点等参单元进行计算。由计算结果可知，该模型可以有效地预测TC4合金蠕变曲线的3个阶段以及高温拉伸过程中的软化阶段。     

考虑热粘塑性钛合金动态本构关系及其实验验证

由于钛合金在冲击载荷的特殊力学性能,经典Johnson-Cook本构模型不能很好地描述钛合金在高应变率下的热粘塑性变形,以及因热粘塑性耗散而导致温度应力降低的定量关系。本文提出了功热转换系数β与应变率 之间的指数关系,发展了一种修正的Johnson-Cook模型,建立了应变率、热粘塑性耗散功与温度应力降低的函数关系,并引入以最小二乘法为目标函数的局域搜索优化算法,能快速确定修正方程中的各待定参数,最后采用修正本构模型的增量形式描述了Ti-6Al-4V钛合金在应变控制条件下,在不同应变率、温度下的单轴动态应力-应变曲线。数值模拟和文献中实验数据吻合良好,表明本文发展的确定修正本构方程中各待定参数的算法和程序,具有概念清晰、精度高简单实用的特点,建立的修正Johnson-Cook模型很好的描述钛合金在高应变率下的热粘塑性特性。     

基于应力-应变曲线的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型

为了准确地模拟混凝土材料的力学性能,从有效应力的角度出发,基于连续损伤力学基本原理,根据混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线(以改进的Saenz曲线为例),推导出混凝土受压损伤演化方程,建立基于应力-应变曲线的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型,并且开发进入ABAQUS中;通过数值模拟与试验结果对比分析,结果表明该本构模型可很好地描述混凝土的塑性变形、刚度退化的力学行为;对钢筋混凝土桥墩的振动台试验进行模拟,结果表明该模型可较好地模拟地震作用下钢筋混凝土桥墩的损伤演化过程,因此该方法建立的混凝土弹塑性损伤本构模型具有工程应用意义.     

循环荷载三面本构模型及与实验结果比较

为探求形式简洁,参数较少,便于工程应用的循环本构模型,本文基于边界面模型和多面模型理论,建立了一个可描述金属材料三轴循环加载力学行为的三面本构模型.把塑性应变分解成塑性应变1和塑性应变2,塑性应变1对应于一套屈服面-边界面模型,塑性应变2对应于一套单屈服面模型.提出了当前应力点与边界面上对偶点之间距离的演变公式,基于一致性条件得出边界面模型中塑性模量的计算与运动硬化准则的联系.采用塑性应变作为硬化参数,应用关联流动法则计算塑性应变.相比于经典的边界面模型,本文模型形式简明;相比于前人修正随动硬化准则模型,本文模型需要的材料参数较少.结合金属稳定材料U71Mn的单轴循环实验结果,对其4种力学行为进行模拟,分析了非对称应力循环下平均应力和应力幅值对稳定材料棘轮效应的影响,以及对称应变循环下材料的最大应变幅值记忆效应.研究结果表明,本文模型的模拟结果与前人文献的实验结果一致性较好,可为研究材料的本构行为提供一条新的途径.     

考虑非贯通节理损伤演化岩体复合本构模型

非贯通节理岩体的力学特征与完整岩石相比有较大差异.为推导非贯通节理岩体在单轴压缩下的复合损伤本构模型,采用修正自洽方法考虑不同损伤变量之间的复合.从附加应变能增量和损伤应变能释放量相关联的思路出发,采用等效直线裂纹作为节理裂隙损伤演化轨迹,分别计算细观损伤、初始节理和节理裂隙损伤演化引起的附加应变能;基于Betti能量互易定理,引入自洽方法考虑节理裂隙之间的相互作用,并采用逐条添加节理的方法对传统自洽方法进行修正,得出岩体不同受力阶段细观、初始节理和节理裂隙损伤演化的复合损伤本构模型;将本构模型的理论计算结果与现有文献的室内试验结果进行对比分析,结果显示:本构模型的理论计算结果与室内试验结果规律一致,随着节理个数增加,初始弹性模量和荷载峰值均呈下降趋势,下降幅度较为一致;节理裂隙的损伤演化对岩体的力学特性有重要影响,考虑节理裂隙损伤演化的理论应力应变曲线和荷载峰值与室内试验结果更为吻合,有效验证了复合损伤本构模型的正确性与合理性.     

Viscoelastoplastic constitutive model for creep deformation behavior of asphalt sand

A uniaxial viscoelastoplastic model that can describe whole creep behaviors of asphalt sand at different temperatures was presented.The model was composed of three submodels in series,which describe elastoplastic,viscoelastic and viscoplastic characteristics respectively.The constitutive equation was established for uniaxial loading condition,and the creep representation was also obtained.The constitutive parameters were determined by uniaxial compression tests under controlled-stress of 0.1 MPa with five different test temperatures of 20,40,45,50 and 60 ℃.Expressions of the model parameters in terms of temperatures were also given.The model gave prediction at various temperatures consistent with the experimental results,and can reflect the total deformation characterization of asphalt sands.     

Cyclic constitutive equations of rock with coupled damage induced by compaction and cracking

In this paper, the cyclic constitutive equations were proposed to describe the constitutive behavior of cyclic loading and unloading. Firstly, a coupled damage variable was derived, which contains two parts, i.e., the compaction-induced damage and the cracking-induced damage. The compaction-induced damage variable was derived from a nonlinear stress–strain relation of the initial compaction stage, and the cracking-induced damage variable was established based on the statistical damage theory. Secondly, based on the total damage variable, a damage constitutive equation was proposed to describe the constitutive relation of rock under the monotonic uniaxial compression conditions, whereafter, the application of this model is extended to cyclic loading and unloading conditions. To validate the proposed monotonic and cyclic constitutive equations, a series of mechanical tests for marble specimens were carried out, which contained the monotonic uniaxial compression (MUC) experiment, cyclic uniaxial compression experiments under the variable amplitude (CUC-VA) and constant amplitude (CUC-CA) conditions. The results show that the proposed total damage variable comprehensively reflects the damage evolution characteristic, i.e., the damage variable firstly decreases, then increases no matter under the conditions of MUC, CUC-VA or CUC-CA. Then a reasonable consistency is observed between the experimental and theoretical curves. The proposed cyclic constitutive equations can simulate the whole cyclic loading and unloading behaviors, such as the initial compaction, the strain hardening and the strain softening. Furthermore, the shapes of the theoretical curves are controlled by the modified coefficient, compaction sensitivity coefficient and two Weibull distributed parameters.     

Dynamic Tensile Behavior and Constitutive Modeling of TC21 Titanium Alloy

The dynamic tensile behaviors of a newly developed Ti-6 Al-2 Sn-2 Zr-3 Mo-1 Cr-2 Nb-Si alloy(referred as TC21 in China) over a wide range of strain rates from quasi-static to dynamic regimes(0.001-1 200 s~(-1)) at different temperatures were experimentally investigated. A split Hopkinson tension bar apparatus and a static material testing system were utilized to study the stress-strain responses under uniaxial tension loading condition. The experimental results indicate that the tensile behavior of TC21 titanium alloy is dependent on the strain rate and temperature. The values of initial yield stress increase with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. The effects of strain rate and temperature on the initial yield behavior are estimated by introducing two sensitivity parameters. The phenomenological-based constitutive model, Johnson-Cook model, is suitably modified to describe the rate-temperature dependent constitutive behavior of TC21 titanium alloy. It is observed that the modified model is in good agreement with the experimental data subjected to the investigated range of strain rates and temperatures.     

A set of microstructure-based constitutive equations in hot forming of a titanium alloy

1. Introduction With the wide application of numerical simulation in metal forming, an accurate constitutive equation, which expresses a correlation between the deformation behavior and the process parameters, needs to be es- tablished. For many years, a …     

轻集料混凝土局部受压试验及动力本构分析

为探究轻集料混凝土单轴局部受压动力特性,采用试验机对轻集料混凝土单轴局部受压本构关系进行相关试验研究.考虑了5种不同加载应变率和4种不同加载面积,在位移控制下,得到轻集料混凝土单轴局部受压应力-应变曲线.根据应力-应变曲线特征点的峰值应力、峰值应变和弹性模量,分析不同加载应变率与加载面积对特征点的影响.同时根据混凝土黏弹塑性损伤本构模型,考虑不同加载应变率和加载面积的影响修正模型参数,并通过试验数据验证理论模型的合理性.研究结果表明:加载应变率和加载面积对轻集料混凝土应力-应变曲线影响明显;不同加载面积对轻集料混凝土弹性模量、峰值应力及峰值应变有较大影响;所提出的理论模型能够准确描述轻集料混凝土材料局部动力荷载作用下的应变率效应和非线性行为.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

Statistical damage constitutive model for concrete materials under uniaxial compression

According to the damage mechanism of concrete material during the uniaxial compressive failure process,this paper further establishes the statistical damage constitutive model of concrete subjected to uniaxial compressive stress based on the statistical damage model under uniaxial tension. The damage evolution law in the direction subjected to pressure is confirmed by the tensile damage evolution process of lateral deformation due to the Poisson effect,and then the compressive stress-strain relationship is defined. The peak nominal stress state and the critical state occurring in the macro longitudinal distributed splitting cracks are distinguished. The whole loading process can be divided into the even damage phase and the local breakage phase. The concrete specimen is divided into the failure process zone and the resting unloading zone. The size effects during the local breakage phase under the uniaxial monotonic compressive process and the hysteretic phenomenon under the cyclic compressive loading process are analyzed. Finally,the comparison between theoretical results and experimental results preliminarily verifies the rationality and feasibility of understanding the failure mechanism of concrete through the statistical damage constitutional law.     

基于热力学原理的混凝土热-力耦合本构模型

为了解决高温条件下混凝土材料力学性质描述的问题,基于热力学理论,将损伤理论与经典弹塑性理论结合,建立了一个考虑温度影响的混凝土热-力耦合本构模型,用于描述高温条件下混凝土材料的力学性质。基于热力学原理推导了考虑温度影响的弹性应变增量的表达式,并基于经典塑性理论,构造了一个考虑温度影响的硬化参数,推导出相应的塑性应变增量表达式,将上述2部分应变增量叠加得到混凝土热-力耦合本构模型的表达式。将模型预测结果与试验结果进行对比,符合良好,表明上述热-力耦合本构模型能够对高温条件下混凝土材料的力学性质进行较为准确的描述与预测。