基于凤凰快堆寿期末控制棒提棒实验的SARAX程序系统确认

寿期末控制棒提棒实验是在法国钠冷快堆Phenix(凤凰快堆)退役之前开展的最后一次实堆测量实验,实验中测量了低功率状态下的控制棒价值和满功率状态下的径向功率分布。本实验采用西安交通大学开发的快堆中子学计算程序系统SARAX进行建模和计算,其计算过程采用基于点截面的超细群方法进行能谱计算,采用超级均匀化(SPH)因子方法进行组件均匀化计算,以及采用多群中子输运节块方法进行堆芯计算,最终计算了实验中4个临界状态的有效增殖因子、控制棒价值、堆芯反应性系数及功率分布等参数。计算结果表明:SARAX的计算结果与实验值吻合较好,计算精度优于传统的快堆物理计算程序,可以用于钠冷氧化物混合燃料(MOX燃料)快堆的核设计。     

压水堆核电站的调试启动(三)

4.低功率物理试验低功率物理试验主要是在热态稍高于零功率时进行堆的物理特性试验,以取得反应堆运行所需要的数据,校核理论计算。试验时,蒸汽排入冷凝器或大气。压水堆低功率物理试验的主要项目和内容见表4。(1)控制棒价值和硼价值的测定 控制棒组件的效率与中子通量平方成正比。因此,不同径向位置的控制棒因堆内中子密度分布的不同而对中子有不同的吸收效率。从一根控制棒来说,在活性区不同高度时,它的单位长度的中子吸收能力也有明     

CEFR探测器三维空间响应函数敏感性研究

本文利用离散纵标程序研究了网格划分、能群数目、角度离散数和散射截面展开阶数等计算条件对堆芯区域共轭中子注量率分布形状的影响。基于求解共轭输运方程计算了中国实验快堆钠池内探测器三维空间响应函数,分析了控制棒位置、燃耗累积、燃料组件装载等因素对探测器空间响应函数的影响。结果表明：共轭中子注量率分布形状对网格宽度的敏感性低,可利用粗网格条件下共轭中子注量率分布形状求解探测器空间响应函数;控制棒对空间响应函数的影响与控制棒在堆芯中所处位置有关,组件内空间响应函数受控制棒影响程度与组件和控制棒的相对位置有关;探测器空间响应函数受新装载组件影响较明显,但对新装载组件位置的敏感性低。本文结果为大型快堆探测器空间响应函数计算提供了参考,为快堆动态刻棒提供了技术支持。     

基于离散纵标输运计算方法的三维燃耗程序发展研究

为了精确描述和分析具有强烈各向异性中子注量率空间分布的反应堆燃耗过程,本文实现了三维SN 输运计算与燃耗计算的耦合,发展了相应的三维输运燃耗耦合计算程序.该程序系统采用接口程序自动耦合三维SN输运计算程序和同位素燃耗计算程序的方法实现对三维中子学计算模型的精细燃耗计算,获得燃料同位素成分、燃耗反应性、中子注量率空间分布等参数随燃耗时间的变化量.采用IAEA 基准校核例题对程序系统进行了校核,计算结果初步证明了所开发的三维燃耗程序系统的正确性.     

辐照对银铟镉控制棒价值的影响分析

为分析银铟镉（Ag-In-Cd）控制棒内各核素经反应堆中子辐照后的消耗情况以及核素消耗对控制棒价值的影响，本研究采用蒙特卡罗程序模拟了Ag-In-Cd控制棒内主要核素在反应堆运行期间的燃耗，并结合控制棒宏观中子吸收截面和控制棒内的中子注量率水平变化，分析了辐照前后控制棒价值的变化。研究结果表明，控制棒中113Cd随着辐照时间增加而加速消耗，107Ag、109Ag和115In消耗速率相对较慢；控制棒总的宏观中子吸收截面在辐照后降低，但是107Ag、109Ag和115In的中子吸收截面明显地增加；辐照后控制棒内的中子注量率增大，控制棒总中子吸收率无明显变化，即控制棒价值无明显变化。      

高温气冷堆控制棒硼燃耗特性分析

控制棒价值及其燃耗规律是核反应堆物理设计关注的要点之一。球床式高温气冷堆控制棒位于侧反射层石墨孔道中,吸收体为圆环形的B₄C,其燃耗特性具有特殊性。采用MCNP耦合燃耗计算模块的方法,对控制棒吸收体进行精细划分,分析了各子区域硼的详细燃耗特性及控制棒价值的变化规律。计算结果表明,由于强烈的空间自屏效应,虽然吸收体外层硼燃耗很多,但吸收体内层硼燃耗很少,因此,反应堆运行寿期末控制棒价值减少很小。     

快堆中子物理设计辅助可视化工具DrawEasy的开发与应用

<正>示范快堆的工程设计任务中,作为设计方需对现有设计工具进行归纳整合,并准备向业主方提供人性化操作工具以方便后续的技术支持。目前堆芯中子物理设计程序中,有以NAS为核心的系列设计程序,也包括单循环计算软件CoreEasy,其功能为计算单循环不同状态(寿期初BOC、寿期中MOC、寿期末EOC)下的各类反应性、中子能谱、注量率及功率分布、控制棒价值与反应性平衡、DPA辐照损伤、燃料燃耗等稳态中子物理特性参     

西安脉冲堆燃耗对中子代时间的影响研究

本文研究了计算反应堆中子代时间(Λ)的瞬发中子通量密度衰减法,基于反应堆仅释放瞬发中子的假设条件,研究了瞬发中子动力学方程,将Λ的计算转变为α本征值的计算问题,采用MCNP程序模拟瞬发中子通量密度的衰减特性以拟合出α值。该方法避免了抽样计算中子价值函数的复杂问题,实现相对容易。并根据西安脉冲堆(XAPR)堆芯三维燃耗分布拟合出不同燃耗深度下瞬发中子通量密度衰减系数α,计算出堆芯中子代时间。结果表明:随着XAPR堆芯燃耗的加深,中子代时间呈增大趋势,从新堆芯到第一循环末(120EFPD),Λ增大幅度为8.93%。     

ERANOS程序用于CEFR堆芯物理特性的验证计算

ERANOS系统(欧洲反应堆分析优化系统)是欧洲和日本联合开发的快中子反应堆堆芯物理屏蔽计算软件系统,采用模块化设计,包含核截面库制作、中子学计算和燃耗计算等模块。该系统可进行反应堆中子学一维至三维的扩散、输运计算,可进行堆芯中子动态特性、燃料管理以及灵敏度分析等计算。本工作主要是进一步学习使用ERANOS程序系统,并针对CEFR堆芯物理特性进行了对比计算。主要计算内容包括:针对CEFR不同组件进行栅元计算,得到各种材料的少群截面数据;堆芯稳态物理特性参数和燃耗计算。对于CEFR堆芯物理参数,通过对比计算表明采用不同程…     

原型微堆低浓化初步研究

利用蒙特卡罗计算程序,对高浓铀为燃料的原型微堆的有效增殖因数、控制棒价值、上铍反射层价值以及辐照座内的中子注量率等参数进行了计算。将计算值与实验结果进行了比较,两者基本相符。在原型微堆堆芯尺寸保持不变的情况下,将堆芯燃料元件芯体用富集度为12.5%UO₂替换UAl和用锆包壳替换铝包壳,对堆芯燃料低浓化方案进行了计算,给出了方案的计算结果。并利用RELAP5程序计算了原型微堆低浓铀堆芯阶跃引入4.0 mk反应性情况下反应堆的相关参数。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

正~~     

Radioactivity levels in soil of salt field area,Kelambakkam,Tamilnadu,India

Soil samples in and around salt field area have been analyzed for natural radioactivity concentration using gamma ray spectrometer.The activity concentration for ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K are ranged from 27.88 to 45.27 Bq/kg, from BDL to 13.30 Bq/kg,and from 135.54 to 381.28 Bq/kg,respectively.The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with world average activity of soil.The average activity concentration of ~(232)Th in the present study is 1.19 times higher than world median value while the activity of ~(238)U and ~(40)K is found to be lower. The absorbed dose rates due to these radionuclides were calculated.The average absorbed gamma dose rate due to the presence of ~(232)Th,~(238)U and ~(40)K in soil samples is 36.99 nGy·h~(-1).These results indicate no radiological anomaly. The data presented in this study will serve as a base line survey for primordial radionuclides concentration in the study area.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.