烧结温度对WO_3系电容-压敏复合陶瓷电性能的影响(英文)

研究了烧结温度对WO_3系电容-压敏复合陶瓷显微结构、非线性电学性能及介电性能的影响.随着烧结温度从1050 ℃到1200 ℃的升高,WO_3陶瓷的晶粒尺寸增大,压敏电压随之降低.在1150 ℃烧结条件下,掺杂0.8 mol% Y_2O_3 的WO_3 压敏陶瓷样品表现出优良的综合电性能,其非线性系数为3.5,相对介电常数为1.13×10~4.然而,过高的烧结温度,不利于样品的非线性电学性能.WO_3系电容-压敏复合陶瓷较适合的烧结温度为1150 ℃,这是因为,在此温度下最有利于样品的晶界势垒结构的形成.     

溶胶—凝胶法制备CaCu3Ti4O12-MgTiO3复合陶瓷的介电性能与IV特性

通过溶胶凝胶方法制备得到CaCu3Ti4O12-MgTiO3复合陶瓷粉料,并在1000,1050和1100℃3个温度点烧结成瓷。采用XRD、SEM等对得到的样品成分、结构进行了分析,发现材料为CCTO-MgTiO3/MgTi2O4复相体系。在此基础上,对材料的介电性能、IV非线性特性做了相关测试。复合陶瓷在1100℃下烧结后,其介电常数比纯的CCTO要提高3到4倍。对材料的IV测试发现,复合陶瓷的IV非线性系数可以通过复合体系的线性法则拟合得到,材料的非线性系数约为4.56。     

SiC(Cu)/Fe复合材料制备工艺研究

采用非均相沉淀法制得Cu包裹SiC复合粉体,利用粉末冶金和常压烧结制备SiC(Cu)/Fe复合材料.利用Zeta电位仪、XRD,EDS以及SEM等手段对包裹粉体和烧结样品进行了分析.结果表明,采用非均相沉淀法可以得到Cu/SiC复合粉体.包裹后的粉体与原始SiC粉体的表面电位不同,达到了对SiC颗粒表面改性的目的.Cu作为过渡层改善了SiC/Fe的界面相容性,在1050℃烧结的样品只有微量的FeSi或Fe2Si生成,界面反应得到有效控制,获得化学结合的界面,温度过低不能烧结致密,温度过高出现大量缺陷.     

烧结温度对Al2O3-Y-Ce-TZP陶瓷低温时效的影响

研究了Al2O3-Y-Ce-TZP陶瓷材料的烧结特性,分析了不同烧结温度对Al2O3-Y-Ce-TZP陶瓷材料的烧结特性、相结构、显微结构的影响.通过对不同温度下烧结的Al2O3-Y-Ce-TZP陶瓷材料的时效实验研究,发现在1 450℃下烧结的样品拥有较好的力学性能,并能较好的抑制时效,烧结温度过高(高于1 500℃)将导致晶粒异常长大,促使氧化锆四方相向单斜相的马氏体相变加快,从而导致材料性能降低.     

热压烧结工艺对超韧Al2O3-TiC-Co复合陶瓷性能的影响

热压烧结化学镀法获得的Al2O3-Co TiC-Co复合粉体制备超韧Al2O3-TiC-Co复合陶瓷.探讨了烧结温度、烧结气氛和分级保温时间对复合陶瓷微观形貌和力学性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度为1550℃、真空保护并在750℃和1200℃各保温10 min制备的复合陶瓷力学性能最佳.采用最佳烧结工艺制备的Al2O3-TiC-8%Co复合陶瓷的平均抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别达到782MPa和8.0 MPa·m1/2.     

高温质子导体Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9-δ的制备和表征

对经6与10 h球磨的BaCO3,CaC3和Nb2O5的混合粉体进行冷压成型,1400℃/10 h高温烧结后,获得了不同致密度的Ba3Ca1.18Nb1.82O9-δ样品.激光粒度、DSC-TG和SEM分析表明,适度延长球磨时间,可降低合成温度,细化粉体粒度,提高样品的致密度.电化学阻抗谱测试表明,在300-800℃温度范围内,6和10 h球磨粉体制备的烧结样品总电导率与温度的关系符合Arrhenius方程,电导激活能分别为0.84和0.68 eV.提高样品的致密度是降低电导激活能、提高中低温(300-600℃)导电性能的有效途径.     

自蔓延高温合成La0.67Sr0.33MnO3-δ粉体的烧结性能

利用自蔓延高温合成技术合成La1-xSrxMnO3-δ粉体,探讨了自蔓延合成工艺(SHS)对粉体结构、放电等离子体(SPS)烧结和普通烧结对La1-xSrxMnO3-δ粉体烧结性能和陶瓷显微结构的影响.XRD、SEM和密度测试结果表明,由SHS法合成的产物结构为单一的钙钛矿型结构;SPS烧结与传统的固相烧结法相比:SPS烧结大大降低了烧结温度,烧结后的晶粒大小基本均匀,烧结体致密度高.经过CMR效应的测量得出,采用SPS烧结的样品相对于普通烧结的样品,居里温度明显提高,同时,CMR效应有所增大.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃基LTCC材料

根据BaO-B2O3-SiO2玻璃形成系统相图和介电设计原则，确定介电常数为5～10的基础玻璃粉摩尔组成，并利用溶胶-凝胶法预先合成BaO-B2O3-SiO2系玻璃粉体，然后再与金红石陶瓷复合来制备LTCC玻璃陶瓷材料。文中考察了pH值、温度等对玻璃组成体系凝胶化时间的影响；利用DSC、TGA、SEM及红外光谱分析等手段对基础玻璃粉体性能和结构进行了研究；实验表明玻璃＋陶瓷复合体系的最佳烧结温度在740℃左右，此时径向烧结收缩率达到16％左右；适量TiO2的加入对复合体系烧结温度影响不大，且使烧结体中晶相量增加，晶粒变大。由于金红石介电常数远大于玻璃相的介电常数，实验结果表明，随着金红石掺量增加，玻璃陶瓷复合体系的介电常数成正比增大。     

纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末的低温烧结机制

采用DTA研究了喷雾干燥-H2还原法制备的纳米级90W-7Ni-3Fe复合粉末随温度升高时熔点和相的变化,依此为根据研究了试样在不同烧结温度和不同烧结时间下的烧结特性.采用扫描电子显微镜和金相仪分别对试样断口进行了形貌观察和W晶粒测试,并对烧结样的性能进行了测定与分析.研究结果表明:保温时间为120 min时,随着烧结温度的提高,试样的性能有显著的变化,当烧结温度为1390℃时,试样的抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度都达到一个极大值,分别为888.3 MPa,12.9%和99.0%;当烧结温度为1390℃时,随烧结时间的延长,试样的性能也有显著的变化,试样的抗拉强度、延伸率和相对密度在保温120 min时都达到一个极大值;平均W晶粒度为20 μm,W晶粒呈球形或近球形;复合粉末烧结活性高,比传统烧结温度降低80℃;粉末中高的氧含量和在干氢中的烧结,使得试样在液相烧结时容易出现孔洞和气泡,W晶粒和粘结相分布不均匀,致使试样力学性能偏低.     

烧结温度对WC-Al2O3复合材料显微组织和力学性能的影响

以高能球磨法制备的WC与无定形Al2O3复合粉末为原料,研究烧结温度对WC-Al2O3复合材料组织和力学性能的影响,采用XRD和SEM对粉末及烧结试样的结构特征进行表征.结果表明:烧结温度为1640℃保温90 min时,材料致密度达98.77％,此温度下材料的粒径异常长大,WC达到4.35 μm,Al2O3达到3.47 μm;烧结温度为1540℃保温90 min后烧结试样密度达到97.98％,维氏硬度和断裂韧性分别为18.65GPa、10.43MPa.m1/2.     

三自由度并联机构（3SPS 3SRR）的位置分析

针对一种3SPS-3SRR并联机构,运用符号法对该机构进行位置分析建模及求解。构建动、静坐标系,通过矩阵转换对机构建立约束方程,运用Sylvester消元方法进行消元得到机构单变元输入输出方程,求得机构位姿的封闭解。最后进行实例求解,得到该机构处于一般姿态的32组实数解,并使机构处于特殊位姿,将所得封闭解与预估解对比,从而验证该位置求解模型的正确性。基于符号法的3SPS-3SRR并联机构位置分析模型具有准确、高效的特点,规避了基于数值法的诸多缺点,对该机构的深入分析具有重要理论意义及实用价值。     

Thermodynamic analysis of the CsNO3-KNO3-NaNo3 system

The thermodynamic properties of the CsNO₃-KNO₃-NaNO₃ system have been derived from an optimization procedure using experimental and published information concerning phase diagram and thermodynamic data for the constituent binary systems and ternary liquid phase. The results are in very close agreement with the experimental data.     

BiFeO3-BaTiO3-LaFeO3三元多铁性陶瓷材料的制备及性能

采用固相法制备了1-x(0.71BiFeO3-0.29B aTiO3)-xLaFeO3 (x=0.0,0.1,0 2,0 3,0 4,0.5)三元多铁性陶瓷材料,并研究了LaFeO3含量对陶瓷物相结构、微观组织、电学性能和磁电耦合性能的影响。结果显示,所有陶瓷均为单一钙钛矿结构,但随LaFeO3含量的增加,伴随着结构相变。所得陶瓷晶粒尺寸均匀,表现出良好的微观形貌,陶瓷晶粒随LaFeO3含量的增加而明显变小。虽然LaFeO3的加入在一定程度上降低了陶瓷的介电常数,但分析发现,x=0.1时能降低陶瓷的漏导,其漏电流达到了最小值,在10-7~10-8 A/cm2数量级,并且该陶瓷的剩余极化强度Pr和磁电耦合系数αME均达到最大值,分别为0.45μC/cm2和132.21 mV/cm·Oe (120 kHz)。因此,与0.71BiFeO3-0.29BaTiO3陶瓷相比,添加少量LaFeO3可以在一定程度上增加陶瓷的铁电性和磁电耦合性能。     

Phase diagrams of binary systems: AgNO3KNO3 and AgNO3 -@#@ NaNO3

AgNO₃-KNO₃ and AgNO₃-NaNO₃ phase diagrams were drawn using a simultaneous thermal analysis technique in the range 373 to 623 K. The apparatus is described briefly. Figure 1 shows a continuous solid solution in equilibrium with the liquid phase. It exhibits a eutectoid mixture (20 mol% NaNO₃) at 380.7 K. Figure 2 shows a eutectic mixture (45 mol % KNO₃) at 413 K, a eutectoid mixture (20 mol % KNO₃) at 409 K, and a continuous invariant at 404 K.     

Features of feathery γ structure in a near-γ TiAl alloy

This work characterizes the feathery-like structures produced in a Ti–46.8Al–1.7Cr–1.8Nb (at.%) alloy during rapid continuous cooling from the α domain. Their morphology and crystallography are described using different microscopy and orientation mapping techniques. These feathery-like structures are divided into many small domains, characterized by low-angle misorientations (rotated less than 15°) between the domains. The domains comprise multiple parallel γ lamellae and rare traces of α₂. These lamellae follow the Blackburn orientation relationship and have a {1 1 1}_γ habit plane. Two types of γ-feathery structures were identified according to their location and crystallography. The grain-boundary γ-feathery structures originate from lamellar structures that grow into a neighboring grain. Alternatively, the internal γ-feathery structures are located in the interior of prior α grains and show an average misorientation of 36° around one $〈100{〉}_{{\mathrm{\gamma }}_{\text{L}}}$ axis of the lamellar structure in which it is embedded. This paper describes these two γ-feathery structures in detail and discusses their development in light of the mechanisms available in the literature, particularly sympathetic nucleation.     

GdF_3:Ce~(3+),Ln~(3+)(Ln~(3+)=Eu~(3+),Tb~(3+),Dy~(3+),Sm~(3+))纳米晶体的制备与发光性能研究

应用共沉淀法,制备共掺同一敏化剂(Ce3+)和不同激活剂(Tb3+,Eu3+,Sm3+,Dy3+)的GdF3纳米晶体。在单一波长(254nm)紫外光的激发下,掺杂不同镧系激活离子的样品能够发射出不同颜色的明亮可见发光,因而适用于多色生物标记。     

Electronic structures of semiconducting FeGa3, RuGa3, OsGa3, and RuIn3 with the CoGa3- or the FeGa3-type structure

Electronic structure of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the crystal structures belonging to the space group of P4n2 (No. 118), which is usually referred to as the CoGa₃-type structure, and P4₂/mnm (No. 136), which is usually referred to as the FeGa₃-type structure, have been calculated using a first-principle pseudopotential method based on the density-functional theory within the local density approximation (LDA) with the generalized gradient correction. All of them have the similar band structure in that the valence band maximum occurs at or near A and the conduction band minimum occurs at a point between Z and Γ. From the total energies calculated, compounds with the FeGa₃-type structures are more stable than those with the CoGa₃-type structures. The band gaps of FeGa₃, RuGa₃, OsGa₃ and RuIn₃ with the FeGa₃-type structure are about 0.50, 0.26, 0.68, and 0.30 eV, respectively, which are wider than those with the CoGa₃-type structure. Calculated band gaps are wider than the observed gaps, which is unusual in the LDA calculation.     

CaSiO_3复合添加剂对CaZrO_3~-Al_2O_3接触层抗Al_2O_3附着性能影响

骨料部分采用锆酸钙颗粒(粒度≤0.374 mm和≤0.147 mm),基质部分采用6%的α-Al_2O_3微粉,在基质部分分别加入2%、4%、6%、8%的CaSiO_3以及3% CaSiO_3-3% SiO_2、3% CaSiO_3-3% ZrSiO_4,经冷等静压成型、干燥后于1550 ℃,3 h烧成制得复合了CaSiO_3的CaZrO_3-Al_2O_3接触层,对接触层检测其显气孔率及体积密度,同时进行XRD及SEM分析,并建立抗附着模型对比了CaSiO_3复合添加剂对接触层抗Al_2O_3附着性能的影响.结果表明,随着CaSiO_3含量的增加,接触层的致密化程度先增加后减小,其促进CaZrO_3分解的程度变大,抗Al_2O_3附着的性能增强.在添加剂量相同的情况下,CaSiO_3复合添加剂抗Al_2O_3附着堵塞的效果要比单独加入CaSiO_3的好,其中CaSiO_3-SiO_2复合添加剂抗Al_2O_3附着堵塞的效果最佳.此外,CaSiO_3复合添加剂不仅可以细化CaZrO_3颗粒,而且使颗粒间结合更为紧密;颗粒越小,其晶界面积越大,CaZrO_3分解出的CaO沿晶界扩散就越快,从而与Al_2O_3反应的程度越大.     

3Cr3Mo3W2V钢贝氏体转变的研究

以国产新型热作模具钢３Ｃｒ３ＭｏＷ２Ｖ为试验材料,通过光学显微镜和透射电镜,研究分析了３Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ３Ｗ２Ｖ钢贝氏体的组织类型,形态及转变机制,为该钢生产上广泛使用提供理论依据。     

Precision casting of Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn alloy setting

In this research, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn alloy ingots were prepared using ceramic mold and centrifugal casting. The Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al-3Sn setting casting, for aeronautic engine, with 1.5 mm in thickness was manufactured. The alloy melting process, precision casting process, and problems in casting application were discussed. Effects of Hot Isostatic Pressing and heat treatment on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the Ti-15V-3Cr-3Al- 3Sn alloy were studied.