石煤钒矿硫酸活化常压浸出提钒工艺

研究石煤钒矿的硫酸活化提钒方法。分别考察矿石粒度、硫酸浓度、活化剂用量、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间和浸出液固比等因素对钒浸出率的影响。结果表明:石煤提钒的优化条件为矿石粒度小于74μm的占80%、硫酸浓度150 g/L、活化剂CaF2用量(相对于矿石)60 kg/t、催化剂R用量20 g/L、反应温度90℃、反应时间6 h、液固比(体积/质量,mL/g)2:1,在此优化条件下,钒浸出率可达94%以上;在优化条件下,采用两段逆流浸出,可有效减少活化剂CaF2以及浸出剂硫酸的消耗量;经过两段逆流浸出萃取反萃氧化水解工艺,全流程钒资源总回收率可达86.9%;V2O5产品纯度高于99.5%。     

低钒转炉钢渣提钒湿法工艺的动力学研究

为了提高湿法浸出低钒钢渣中钒的浸出效率,并对湿法浸出低钒钢渣中钒提供理论依据,从动力学角度分析整个浸出过程。考察温度、液固比、硫酸质量分数和搅拌速率对浸出过程的影响。研究结果表明:在90℃、液固比为10?1以及硫酸浓度6.0mol/L时,浸取9h,低钒钢渣中钒的浸出率可达到95.3%。通过正交实验和动力学推导,得到描述浸出过程的经验方程,低钒钢渣湿法浸出钒的动力学模型为收缩核动力学模型,浸出过程的表观活化能为12.794kJ/mol,该模型表明浸出过程中的控制步骤取决于固膜扩散速率。提高温度、液固比和硫酸质量分数,均可加速钒的浸出速度,提高钒的浸出率。     

石煤提钒低温硫酸化焙烧矿物分解工艺

针对石煤提钒常压硫酸浸出能耗高、作业周期长的缺陷,提出石煤低温硫酸化焙烧矿物分解新工艺.以贵州凯里石煤为原料,对石煤低温硫酸化焙烧的时间、焙烧温度、硫酸加入量以及焙砂水浸工艺参数进行研究.结果表明:先对石煤进行低温硫酸化焙烧处理,再将焙砂按液固比1.2 mL/g加水于100 ℃下搅拌浸出2 h,钒的浸出率可达78.2%;而在相同酸矿比和固液比的条件下,采用常压直接酸浸石煤时,在100 ℃下搅拌浸出48 h后,钒的浸出率只有67.8%.石煤通过低温硫酸化焙烧可有效强化矿物分解过程,缩短提钒作业周期,提高酸的利用率及钒的浸出率.     

氯化浸取钢渣中钒的动力学研究

为了提高湿法浸出低钒钢渣中钒的浸出率,并为湿法浸出低钒钢渣中钒提供理论依据,从动力学角度分析整个浸出过程,并考察温度、液/固比、浸出时间和搅拌速度对浸出过程的影响。结果表明,在90℃,液/固比为10:1以及4.0mol/L盐酸,过氧化氢8.0mL,浸取90min条件下,低钒钢渣中钒的浸出率可达到98.8%。通过正交实验和动力学推导,得到描述浸出过程的经验方程。低钒钢渣湿法浸出钒的动力学模型为未反应收缩核模型,浸出过程的表观活化能为7.21kJ/mol。该模型表明浸出过程中的控制步骤取决于边界层的扩散速度。提高温度、液/固比和浸出时间,均可增加钒的浸出速度,提高钒的浸出率。     

焙烧氟碳铈矿硫酸浸出稀土的动力学(英文)

研究了硫酸浸出德昌稀土与天青石共伴生矿的焙烧矿过程。考查粒度、搅拌速度、硫酸浓度和温度对稀土浸出率的影响,并对稀土的浸出动力学进行分析。在选定的浸出条件下:粒径0.074～0.100mm、硫酸浓度1.5mol/L、液固比8:1、搅拌速度500r/min,稀土浸出反应受内扩散控制,表观活化能为9.977kJ/mol。     

高硅氧化锌矿加压酸浸处理

通过对广西某地高硅氧化锌矿矿物分析可知,矿物中的锌主要以硅锌矿和异极矿的形式存在.采用加压酸浸技术对该高硅氧化锌矿进行处理,条件试验研究得出最佳工艺条件为:矿物粒度0.104 mm,硫酸浓度120 g/L,釜内压力1.0 MPa,浸出时间90 min,反应温度120 ℃,液固比3-1.综合性试验研究得出:在最佳工艺条件下,锌浸出率可达97%以上,SiO2截留率大于99.2%,浸出矿浆过滤速率大于880 L/(m2-h),浸出矿浆具有良好的过滤性能.     

氟碳铈矿盐酸浸出过程的动力学

考察盐酸浓度、浸出温度、液固比和矿物粒度对浸出速度的影响.结果表明:在盐酸浓度6 mol/L、浸出温度90C、液固比15:1、矿物粒度25 μm的条件下浸出90 min后,氟碳铈矿中稀土碳酸盐的浸出率达到89.6％,而稀土氟化物的浸出率仪为1.5％.氟碳铈矿浸出过程符合产物层扩散模型,稀土碳酸盐和氟化物浸出过程的表观活...     

熔融钒渣纯氧氧化钙化提钒(英文)

在实验室条件下对熔融态钒渣直接氧化钙化提钒新工艺进行研究。在反应过程中利用纯氧氧化,CaO作为添加剂,硫酸浸出熟料。采用XRD、XPS、SEM及EDS等手段对钒渣熟料进行分析,考察不同CaO/V2O5质量比与硫酸浓度对熟料中钒浸出的影响,并与现行焙烧工艺在能耗方面进行对比。结果表明:钒渣熟料中形成了钒的富集相,钒渣的氧化钙化产物主要为CaV2O5和Ca2V2O7,并对钒酸钙的形成机理进行了阐释;XRD和XPS分析得出熔渣中钒的氧化反应在供氧充足的情况下存在一定限制,CaO的增加能促进五价钒在熔渣中的稳定;在优化的实验条件下(CaO/V2O5质量比0.6,粒度120~150μm,浸出时间2 h,浸出温度90°C,液固比5:1 mL/g,H2SO4浓度20%,搅拌强度500 r/min),钒的浸出率能达到90%;能耗计算得到每处理1000 kg钒渣,利用新工艺可以节约能量1.85×106 kJ。实验与计算结果验证新工艺是一种节能减排的提钒手段。     

加压酸浸法回收黑色页岩中的钒

提出一种在加压条件下酸浸黑色页岩型矿提取钒的新工艺,研究浸出过程中各种工艺参数对钒浸出率指标的影响,同时进行了两段逆流浸出实验;利用电子探针分析矿石中钒在各物相中的分配情况,并在两段逆流浸出基础上进一步强化实验条件,考察了钒浸出率与矿石中钒赋存状态之间的关系.结果表明:该工艺的最佳工艺参数如下,即时间3 h、温度150 ℃、液固比1.2-1、硫酸用量25%、85%矿石粒度粒经小于0.095 mm;在此条件下,钒的一段浸出率为77%左右,而矿石经过两段逆流浸出后,钒浸出率可达90%;钒浸出率与矿石中难溶硅铝酸盐相中的钒占有率呈现消长关系.     

锌粉置换镓锗渣高压酸浸的浸出机理

研究锌粉置换镓锗渣的高压酸浸过程,考察硫酸浓度、液固比、浸出时间、浸出温度、助浸剂种类和添加量对Ga、Ge浸出率以及浸出渣过滤性能的影响。结果表明:增加硫酸浓度有利于Ga、Ge的浸出,但硫酸浓度超过156 g/L后,反而不利于Ge的浸出。浸出时间和温度对Ga、Ge浸出率影响较小,但增加浸出时间或提高反应温度均有利于改善浸出渣的过滤性能。添加硝酸钠或硝酸钙均可促进Ga、Ge的浸出,且硝酸钙的添加还可改善浸出渣的过滤性能。在硫酸浓度156 g/L、助浸剂硝酸钙60 g/L、液固比8、浸出温度150℃下浸出3 h,Ga、Ge浸出率可分别达到98%和94%以上,且浸出料浆过滤速度较常压酸浸时的提高近20倍。     

Vanadium recovery from clay vanadium mineral using an acid leaching method

A technique including direct acid leaching,vanadium precipitation with alkaline,sodium hydroxide releaching,impurity removing by adjusting pH value,precipitation vanadium with ammonium chloride,and vanadium pentoxide by roasting steps was proposed according to the characteristic of Xichuan clay vanadium mineral.The factors influencing leaching vanadium such as temperature and the concentration of sulfuric acid were investigated and optimized.The experimental results indicate that the extract ratios of V2O5 can reach 94% and 92% at a sodium chlorate ratio of 3% and a manganese dioxide ratio of 3%,respectively.A completely chemical precipitation method was adopted to decontaminate and enrich the vanadium in the acid leaching solution.The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and the purity analysis of vanadium pentoxide indicate that the purity of final vanadium pentoxide can reach 99% and meet the standard specifications.The total recovery can reach about 75%.The technique has the characteristics of simplicity,less investlnent,and more environment safety as compared with the traditional salt roasting method.     

Cyclic metallurgical process for extracting V and Cr from vanadium slag: Part II. Separation and recovery of Cr from vanadium precipitated solution

Cyclic metallurgical process for separation and recovery of Cr from vanadium precipitated solution by precipitation with PbCO₃ and leaching with Na₂CO₃ was investigated. The concentration of Cr residue in the solution decreases from 2.360 to 0.001 g/L by adding PbCO₃ into vanadium precipitated solution according to Pb/Cr molar ratio of 2.5, adjusting the pH to 3.0 and stirring for 180 min at 30 °C. Then, the precipitates were leached with hot Na₂CO₃ solution to obtain leaching solution containing Na₂CrO₄ and leaching residue containing PbCO₃. The leaching efficiency of Cr reaches 96.43% by adding the precipitates into 0.5 mol/L Na₂CO₃ solution with the mass ratio of liquid to solid (L/S) of 10:1 mL/g and stirring for 60 min under pH 9.5 at 70 °C. After filtration, leaching residue is reused in Cr precipitation and leaching solution is used to circularly leach the Cr precipitates until Na₂CrO₄ approaches the saturation. Finally, the product of Na₂CrO₄·4H₂O is obtained by evaporation and crystallization of leaching solution.     

循环流态化焙烧加压浸出从极难浸石煤中提取钒

以广西某极难浸石煤钒矿为研究对象,研究循环流态化焙烧试样在加压浸出条件下的钒浸出率。结果表明:在相同酸浸条件下,循环流态化空白焙烧试样的钒浸出率高于钠化焙烧的钒浸出率。系统的焙烧浸出工艺对比研究表明:该石煤钒矿只有在循环流态化焙烧并加压高浓度酸浸作用下才能获得最高的钒浸出率,应属于极难浸石煤钒矿。在V(H2SO4):V(HF)=1:1和MnO2添加量(质量分数)为3%的条件下,循环流态化空白焙烧矿的最佳酸浸条件为液固比1:1、浸出温度150℃、浸出时间6 h,钒浸出率可达98.11%。同时,研究循环流态化空白焙烧矿加压浸出的动力学模型、浸出控制步骤及表观活化能。循环流态化空白焙烧能避免钠化焙烧产生的Cl2及HCl等有害气体的排放问题。从焙烧反应设备的创新应用着手,探索试验工艺条件,为极难浸石煤钒矿的工业化利用提供参考和依据。     

Preparation of titanium mineral from vanadium titanomagnetite concentrates by hydrogen reduction and acid leaching

Titanium mineral was prepared from vanadium titanomagnetite concentrates by hydrogen reduction and acid leaching. The leaching behaviors of elements like Fe, V, Mn, Al, Mg, Ca, and Si were highly related to the reduction degree. The phase compositions of the reduced materials and the leached residues were analyzed by XRD to identify the effect of reduction degree on the leaching mechanisms. The results showed that the concentrates were reduced to iron metal and titanomagnetite at 800?1000 °C for 0.5 h, and the above elements of Fe and impurities were easily leached. Deeper reduction led to the formation of ilmenite and Mg?Al spinel, which hindered leaching. Mg-bearing anosovite appeared in the further reduced materials, and the leaching rates of impurities became much lower. An upgraded titanium mineral with a normalized TiO₂ grade of 70.3% was achieved by H₂ reduction at 850 °C for 0.5 h and acid leaching, which is a satisfactory Ti resource for the preparation of titanium oxide by sulfate process.     

含钒钛转炉渣氧压酸浸过程V-Ti-H2O系的电位-pH图

为了分析含钒钛转炉渣氧压酸浸过程的热力学特点,根据高温水溶液中计算标准摩尔吉布斯自由能和活度系数的经验公式,通过计算得到了氧分压0.5MPa、对应离子的质量浓度0.1mol/kg、温度60～200℃条件下V-Ti-H2O系的电位-pH图。在pH〈2的酸性条件下,可溶性V3＋,VO2＋,VO2＋的稳定区几乎全部包含在TiO2的稳定区范围内,随着温度由60℃升高到200℃,钒、钛稳定共存区对应的氧化还原电位逐渐增大,pH逐渐降低。钒、钛稳定区的共存特点从热力学角度为转炉渣采用氧压酸浸工艺通过一步酸浸将钒浸出的同时使钛富集在渣中提供了理论依据。含钒钛转炉渣的氧压酸浸实验结果表明,在浸出温度140℃、氧分压0.5MPa、粒度0.055～0.075mm、液固比15：1、浸出时间120min、搅拌速度500r/min、初酸浓度200g/L的条件下,钒的浸出率为96.87%,钛的浸出率为8.76%。钒与钛通过氧压酸浸工艺能够得到有效分离,实验结果与热力学计算结果一致。     

Recovery of vanadium from vanadium slag by composite roasting with CaO/MgO and leaching

A novel process of composite roasting with CaO/MgO and subsequent acid leaching was proposed to improve the recovery rate of vanadium from Linz–Donawiz (LD) converter vanadium slag. The effects of the MgO/(CaO+MgO) molar ratio and the roasting and leaching parameters on the recovery of vanadium were studied. The results showed that the leaching efficiency of vanadium decreased from 88% to 81% when CaO was replaced completely by MgO; however, it could be improved by roasting with the composite of CaO/MgO. The maximum vanadium leaching efficiency of 94% was achieved under the optimum MgO/(CaO+MgO) mole ratio of 0.5:1. The results from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM−EDS) confirm that the formation rate of acid-soluble vanadates can be enhanced during roasting with the composite of CaO/MgO and that the leaching kinetics can be accelerated owing to the suppression of calcium sulfate precipitation.     

Dissolution kinetics and thermodynamic analysis of vanadium trioxide during pressure oxidation

The dissolution kinetics of vanadium trioxide in sulphuric acid-oxygen medium was examined. It was determined that the concentration of sulphuric acid and stirring speed above 800 r min 1 did not significantly affect vanadium extraction. The dissolution rate increased with increasing temperature and oxygen partial pressure, but decreased with increasing particle size. The dissolution kinetics was controlled by the chemical reaction at the surface with the estimated activation energy of 43.46 kJ·mol-1. The l...