高抗冲聚苯乙烯熔体挤出流动特性的研究

应用毛细管流变仪,分别在低和高的剪切速率范围内考察了两种高抗冲聚苯乙烯熔体的挤出流动行为。研究结果表明:试样的末端压力损大与表观剪切速率γ_a的关系大致上服从指数律;在较高的γ_a下,熔体的剪切流动行为更符合幂律;表观剪切粘度和移动因子对温度的依赖性可用Arrhenius方程描述。     

PVC/VC—BA共混体系流变行为的研究

本文制备了PVC/VC—BA共混物,研究了VC—BA不同含量的PVC/VC—BA共混物熔体的流动曲线;表观熔体粘度与温度、组成的关系;流动指数与剪切应力的关系等流变行为。结果表明,该共混物的logτ～logγ_p关系曲线都不同程度地偏离斜率为45°的直线,均为非牛顿流体;由logη_a～logγ_p和logη_a～logτ的流动曲线可知,该共混物熔体属于假塑性流体。表观熔体粘度与温度的关系符合Arrhenious方程,与组成的关系偏离对数加和规律,但偏离程度较小。随着剪切应力的提高,流动指数减小。该共混物的表观熔体粘度对温度变化的敏感性没有PVC那样突出。     

简单剪切流场中PTT熔体的流变性能研究

研究了PTT熔体在简单剪切流场中的流变性能。结果表明,PTT熔体是典型的切力变稀型非牛顿流体,剪切流动符合幂律定律;随温度提高,熔体的△_η减小,但热降解增加;在相同γ下,相对分子质量增大,将使熔体的σ、η_a和△_η增大,n减小;PTT熔体的E_η值高于PET,且γ增大E_η值减小;n对T和γ有明显的依赖性,T提高n线性增大,而γ增大n明显减小,所以计算n时不能取其γ范围内的算术平均值,而应该取其微分值。     

聚甲醛熔体挤出流动性能和挤出胀大的研究

应用流动速率仪,在温度170~220℃和载荷1.2~12.5 kg的条件下,考察了剪切速率(γ)、剪切应力(τw)及温度等对聚甲醛熔体流动特性和挤出胀大的影响。结果表明,熔体的剪切流动基本上服从幂律定律;熔体的表观剪切粘度对温度的依赖性大致上符合Arrhenius方程;表观剪切粘度随着γ和τw的增加而非线性减小;挤出胀大比随着温度的升高而近乎线性下降,随着τw和γ的增加而呈非线性增大。     

高等级HDPE管材树脂毛细管流变性能研究

采用单管毛细管流变仪,在不同温度下对高等级高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)管材树脂的熔体流动行为进行了研究,考察了剪切应力(τ<,w>)、剪切速率(γ)、挤出胀大及温度之间的关系.结果表明,高等级HDPE管材树脂熔体的剪切流动基本上服从幂律定律;熔体的表观黏度(η<,a>)对温度的依赖性大致上符合Arrhenius方程;η<,a>随τ<,w>和γ的增加而非线性减小;挤出胀大比随温度的升高而下降,随γ的增加呈非线性增大.     

PP/HGB复合材料流动性能的研究

应用熔体流动速率测定仪,于190℃-230℃下考察了中空玻璃微珠填充聚丙烯(PP/HGB)复合材料的流动性能。结果表明:熔体的剪切流动基本上服从幂定律;剪切粘度(ηa)对温度的依赖性符合Arrhenius关系;在较低HGB体积分数下,复合体系的流动性优于纯PP树脂;在一定温度下,ηa随着γa的增加而下降;当φf一定时,复合体系的ηa随着HGB直径的减小而上升。     

ABS/HGB复合材料的流动性质研究

采用熔体流动速率测定仪,考察了ABSHGB（丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物-中空硼硅酸盐微球,后者简称中空微球）复合材料的流动性能。结果表明,试样熔体服从幂律定律;剪切黏度对温度的依赖性符合Arrhenius关系：ηa（剪切黏度）随着γa（剪切速率）的增加而下降,剪切变稀现象明显。还发现填充体系的剪切黏度随着填充体积分数的增大而非线性增大,且增幅下降。     

聚苯乙烯熔体挤出流动特性的研究

应用毛细管流变仪,考察了两种聚苯乙烯-Styron498(PS498)和Styron492J(PS492J)熔体挤出过程中的流动行为及其影响因素。实验发现,两试样熔体的流动均不严格地服从幂律;在相同条件下,PS492J的非牛顿性较PS498明显;两试样熔体的粘度对温度的依赖关系符合Arrhenius方程。本文还就熔体流变行为与分子结构参数的关系进行了初步定量分析。     

压出过程中胎面胶流动特性的研究

应用Monsanto加工性能试验机(MPT)对胎面胶进行压出流变试验。在实验条件下,考察试样熔体的流动特性及其影响因素,并作初步的分析和讨论。实验发现,试样的流动曲线可近似用指数方程描述;而熔体粘度对温度的依赖性则大体上符合Arrhenius方程。     

线性低密度聚乙烯熔体挤出流动性的研究

研究了毛细管挤出过程中线性低密度聚乙烯（ＬＬＤＰＥ）熔体的流动行为及其影响因素。结果表明，在较低的温度下，试样的末端压力损失较为明显；试样的流动行为服从指数律，并可观察到流动诱导结晶现象；熔体的剪切粘度对温度的依赖关系大致上符合Ａｒｒｈｅｎｉｕｓ方程。     

Rheological properties of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) in capillary flow

The shear viscosity, extensional viscosity, and die swell of the PTT melt were investigated using a capillary rheometer. The results showed that the PTT melt was a typical pseudoplastic fluid exhibiting shear thinning and extensional thinning phenomena in capillary flow. There existed no melt fracture phenomenon in the PTT melt through a capillary die even though the shear rate was 20,000 s^?1. Increasing the shear rate would decrease the flow activation energy and decline the sensitivity of the shear viscosity to the melt temperature. The molecular weight had a significant influence on the flow curve. The flow behavior of the PTT melt approached that of Newtonian fluid even though the weight‐molecular weight was below 43,000 s^?1 at 260°C. The extensional viscosity decreased with the increase of the extensional stress, which became more obvious with increasing the molecular weight. The sensitiveness of the extensional viscosity to the melt temperature decreased promptly along with increasing the extensional strain rate. The die swell ratio and end effect would increase along with increasing the shear rate and with decreasing the temperature, which represented that the increase of the shear rate and the decrease of temperature would increase the extruding elasticity of the PTT melt in the capillary die. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 705–709, 2005     

Rheological properties of poly(vinyl chloride) / epoxidized natural rubber blends. Part II: The effect of processing variables

The effect of processing variables on the rheological properties of PVC/ENR blends was investigated. The role of crosslinking in determining the flow behavior of blends was also examined by means of dynamically cured blends. It was found that PVC/ENR blends yield melts that are power law fluids. The flow of the melts improves with an increase in temperature and shear rate. However, the introduction of crosslinks reverses this trend, although under more rigorous conditions, the influence of crosslinks is superseded, and subsequently, flow becomes shear rate and temperature dependent. PVC/ENR systems also manifested elastic phenomena. The dependence of the elastic phenomena such as die swell and melt fracture on L/D ratio of the die was demonstrated.     

Effect of degree of polymerization on gelation and flow processability of poly(vinyl chloride)

The effect of degree of polymerization (DP) on the gelation and flow processability of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was studied. Sheets with adjusted degree of gelation were prepared by rolling rigid pipe formulation suspension PVC compounds with DPs of 800, 1050 and 1300 by changing the milling temperature. Their degrees of gelation were measured with DSC and their capillary flow properties were measured with a capillary rheometer at 150, 170 and 190°C and the effect of DP on the relation between gelation and flow processabilities was studied. Because of the higher shearing heat during milling, the sample with the higher DP had a higher history temperature and thus tended to show a higher degree of gelation. The viscosity increased as the gelation increased. The dependency of viscosity on DP was higher at higher milling and extrusion temperatures and thus at a higher degree of gelation and a lower shear rate. This was assumed to be attributed to the more prominent uniform molecular flow as against the particle flow. The die swell increased with increasing the milling and extrusion temperatures and hence with increasing the gelation. A sample with a lower DP tended to show a larger die swell and this tendency was even more pronounced at the higher extrusion temperature. The melt fracture easily occurred when a sample with advanced gelation was extruded at low temperature. Whereas at low milling temperatures a sample with the lower DP showed a lower critical shear rate at onset of melt fracture, and thus easily generating melt fracture, at high milling temperatures it showed a higher critical shear rate and hence scarcely generated melt fracture. These experimental results were explained by the fact and concept that a sample with a lower DP shows a higher increase in the gelation during extrusion and/or the slighter feature of particle flow as against the uniform molecular flow at the same gelation level. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1915–1938, 2004     

高黏度聚酯流变行为的研究

采用毛细管流变仪研究了高黏度聚酯(PET)的表观黏度及黏流活化能随温度(280～300℃)及剪切速率(20～104s-1)的变化。结果表明:高黏度PET熔体随着剪切速率的增加出现切力变稀现象,随着熔体温度升高,剪切速率对熔体的表观黏度的影响降低;高黏度PET的黏流活化能随着剪切速率的提高而降低;在温度为300℃,剪切速率为3 000 s-1时,高黏度PET熔体具有较好的流动性。     

纺丝用可熔性聚四氟乙烯的流变性能研究

采用毛细管流变仪,对PFA熔体的流变性能进行研究。讨论了温度、剪切速率对纺丝用PFA熔体的非牛顿指数、表观粘度、结构粘度指数等方面的影响。结果表明,PFA熔体非牛顿指数随温度上升而升高。在不同温度下,PFA熔体的粘度均随着剪切速率的增大而减小,表观粘流活化能随剪切速率增加而减小。PFA熔体的结构粘度指数Δη随熔体温度的增高而逐渐减小。     

几何平衡流道剪切流动不平衡现象的三维数值模拟

考虑惯性效应,利用分层细化流道网格技术,实现了几何平衡流道剪切流动内外不平衡现象的动态模拟,并利用正交实验方法,考察了工艺因素对内外不平衡流动的影响。研究结果表明,流动速率对内外不平衡现象影响都较大,且随着流动速率的提高,内外不平衡指数都出现减小的趋势。而熔体温度和注射压力对内外不平衡指数的影响程度反差较大,趋势相反。     

PP/玻璃微珠复合材料的流变性能

制备了聚丙烯/玻璃微珠复合材料,在温度为175～225℃和载荷为1.2～12.5kg的条件下,应用熔体流动速率仪考察了填料粒径、剪切速率、载荷及温度等对复合材料熔体流变特性的影响。结果表明:熔体的剪切流动服从幂律定律;熔体的表观黏度对温度的依赖性符合Arrhenius方程;表观黏度随剪切速率和剪切应力的增加而下降;挤出胀大比随温度的升高而下降,随剪切应力和剪切速率的增大而增大。在此基础上,预测了第一法向应力差,发现其随剪切速率的增大而增大。     

An experimental study of the kinetics of polymer crystallization during shear flow

Some principles of rheology are applied to the study of the shear-induced crystallization of molten polymers. A new technique is described for measuring crystallization kinetics during isothermal flow at constant shear rate in a parallel plate rheometer. The crystallization rate is characterized by the time elapsed from the start of shearing until the rise in melt viscosity due to crystallization. The measured-viscosity and induction time for crystallization are shown to be independent of sample geometry. Kinetic data are presented for crystallization of three linear polyethylenes at shear rates of 0.03 – 30 sec^?1. It is shown that shear flow has a strong accelerating effect on crystallization when the deformation rate exceeds a critical value. Comparison of results for the different polyethylenes reveals that higher molecular weight materials crystallize faster at a given shear rate and temperature. Finally, shear-induced crystallization of propylene polymers is shown to be unaffected by the presence of either a carbon black additive or a heterogeneous nucleating agent. It is concluded that the hydrodynamic origin of the shear-induced crystallization is elastic chain extension due to entanglement couplings between molecules. Furthermore, it is suggested that transient orientation effects during the startup of shear flow may have a dominant influence on the observed phenomena.     

氯磺化聚乙烯流变性能研究

研究氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)的流变性能，特别是剪切速率、剪切应力和温度对CSM熔体表观粘度的影响。试验结果表明，CSM熔体在试验温度范围内为假塑性流体，随温度的升高其非牛顿性减弱；CSM熔体的表观粘度随表观剪切速率和剪切应力的增大以及温度的升高而降低；剪切应力对CSM的粘流活化能影响不大。