基于风光互补联合发电系统的研究

随着"碳达峰、碳中和"战略的提出,降低二氧化碳的排放成为当下首要任务,非化石能源应用比重也逐年提高.风力发电和光伏发电是清洁能源的代表,但我国地域辽阔,风力发电和光伏发电分布不均,而且受风力发电和光伏发电本身的时间条件限制,风力发电和光伏发电功率输出不稳定,存在很大的波动性.将二者进行联合互补发电,就可弥补单独发电存在的弊端,提高系统效率.介绍了风光互补联合发电系统的原理,通过建立联合系统模型,给出目标函数和约束条件,并阐述了系统实现流程.互补发电系统的应用,可减少化石能源发电输出,降低碳排放,具有非常好的理论指导意义.     

光伏联合发电系统的规划及地理选址

当前资源短缺的形势日益严峻,寻找新能源替代传统能源迫在眉睫,太阳能因清洁、资源丰富等特点成为了目前各国研究的热点能源。针对光伏发电系统与风电的互补性和电源规划的问题,文章介绍了由光伏发电与其他发电相结合形成的光伏联合发电系统,讨论了光伏联合发电系统的结构和特点,在混合动力系统仿真软件HOMER的基础上建立光伏联合发电系统模型;计算系统总净成本(TNPC)然后对其进行经济性规划分析,从而找出最优配置来对系统进行规划;在地理选择方面,文中则是根据资源条件和气象数据找出更适用于光伏联合发电系统的地理位置。     

精彩预告

<正>2015年3月5日出版专家访谈大容量储能联合可再生能源分散式并网的能量转换实现机理随着全球能源短缺和环境污染等问题日益突出,风电和光伏发电迅速发展,但风电、光伏发电等可再生能源发电具有一定的随机性和间歇性,其并网对接入点电压水平和系统频率稳定提出了挑战。利用储能系统的双向功率能力和灵活调节特性     

基于太阳能发电的光伏阵列电气系统设计

清洁能源的使用是未来社会发展的趋势。以光伏发电为研究模型,对实现太阳能的高效利用展开研究,提出了一种高效的光伏阵列,使太阳能发电系统的能源利用率得到了显著的提升。通过对太阳能发电的电气系统进行一次设计,提出了35 kV侧无功补偿装置,使得系统更加合理、有效。     

特约主编寄语

正逐步摆脱化石能源依赖,实现大规模可再生能源发展是全球能源变革趋势。预计到2050年,可再生能源出力在能源消费总量中所占比例将达到80%。随着以风电和光伏为代表的大规模可再生能源接入电网,传统的电力系统频率控制问题面临新的挑战和机遇。一方面,随着风电机组和光伏发电系统替代传统火电机组发电,使得在线机组的总转动惯量减小,维持频率质量的能力降低,而可再生能源发电出力的随机波动又加重了系统对调频     

含分布式储能的光伏发电系统建模与仿真

太阳能是一种新型可再生能源且在开发利用太阳能过程中不会污染环境。太阳能发电在解决全球气候变暖及能源问题中发挥着极其重要的作用,但因受自然条件和气候因素的影响,太阳能辐照度具有极大的不稳定性,直接导致了光伏发电输出功率具有明显的波动性。为了使光伏发电系统能够提供连续稳定的电力,将分布式储能作为主要的储能方式应用于光伏发电系统中,基于PSCAD/EMTDC建立了含分布式储能的光伏发电系统仿真模型。经仿真结果表明,光伏电池最大功率跟踪点(MPPT)能够有效地提高光伏阵列的输出功率;分布式储能的介入使得光伏发电系统的输出功率曲线更趋平稳,缓和了光伏发电不稳定性对电网的冲击。     

电动汽车电池储能在光伏发电并网中的应用

光伏发电日益成为满足用电负荷需求、提高能源综合利用效率、提高供电可靠性的一种有效途径。由于光伏发电出力具有波动性的特点,储能装置在光伏发电系统中必不可少。为实现光伏发电平滑并网,减少对电网和用电设备的冲击,提出将电动汽车电池作为光伏发电并网系统的储能单元的方案。制定了电动汽车电池分别作为可调度负载和分布式电源与光伏发电系统协调运行的充、放电的控制策略,并实现了电动汽车储能在光伏发电系统中的多种应用,包括跟踪发电计划,平滑发电功率输出、进行光伏发电消纳和实现电网负荷削峰填谷等。不仅为电动汽车电池储能应用于智能电网提供了新的思路,也为光伏发电并网提供新的解决方案。     

光伏发电

<正>因政府优先考虑旨在减少空气污染且刺激经济增长的可再生能源投资,2015年第一季度我国加速了光伏项目建设,新增光伏发电累计装机容量超过500万k W,装机容量增加了18%,比2014年前两个季度新增装机容量之和还多。第一季度光伏项目建设使得中国光伏发电累计装机容量超过3 300万k W,较2020年光伏发电累计装机容量1亿k W的目标已实现了1/3。新增光伏发电装机容量主要来自中国北部和西部地区,这些地区已成为可再生能源活动中心。新疆首当其冲,新增光伏发电装机容量占全国新增容量的1/5,其次为内蒙古和浙江。近日,国家能源局、工业和信息化部、国家认监委近期联合印发《关于促进先进光伏产业技术产品应用和产业升级的意见》     

光伏-光热联合发电系统动态建模与功率协调控制

光伏-光热联合发电系统将光伏发电系统与光热发电系统有机融合,兼具灵活的调节特性和高效互补技术特点,为可再生能源消纳开辟了一条新途径,但其建模与功率控制仍需深入研究.针对这一问题,采用微元分段线性化方法刻画系统的多变量耦合和介质相变换热动态过程,表征多能量转化环节和多时间尺度特征,建立了光伏-光热联合发电系统动态模型;构建了分层控制架构,提出了一种考虑系统储能状态的功率协调控制策略,实现了不同工况和控制模式下的光伏与光热子系统协同,从而提升了系统调节能力和响应性能;基于MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了仿真模型,验证了模型的正确性和所提控制策略的有效性.     

高渗透率可再生能源配电网测试系统建模与有效性分析

提出了高渗透率可再生能源配电网测试系统的评估指标,基于中国某光伏扶贫县配电网的实际数据,建立了含高渗透率可再生能源的配电系统。该系统含居民、商业、工业等负荷,同时接入了小水电、光伏发电等可再生能源,能体现可再生能源渗透率较高而带来的馈线末端高/低电压等问题。根据实测的负荷与可再生能源全年时序特性进行潮流仿真与N-1安全校验,并结合指标评估验证系统有效性。     

An operating method using prediction of photovoltaic power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system

This paper describes a novel operating method using prediction of photovoltaic (PV) power for a photovoltaic–diesel hybrid power generation system. The system is composed of a PV array, a storage battery, a bidirectional inverter, and a diesel engine generator (DG). The proposed method enables the system to save fuel consumption by using PV energy effectively, reducing charge and discharge energy of the storage battery, and avoiding low‐load operation of the DG. The PV power is simply predicted from a theoretical equation of solar radiation and the observed PV energy for a constant time before the prediction. The fuel consumption of the proposed method is compared with that of other methods by a simulation based on measurement data of the PV power at an actual PV generation system for 1 year. The simulation results indicate that the amount of fuel consumption of the proposed method is smaller than that of any other methods, and is close to that of the ideal operation of the DG. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(3): 8–18, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20116     

Comparative evaluation of different power management strategies of a stand-alone PV/Wind/PEMFC hybrid power system

This study presents different power management strategies of a stand-alone hybrid power system. The system consists of three power generation systems, photovoltaic (PV) panels, a wind turbine and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). PV and wind turbine is the main supply for the system, and the fuel cell performs as a backup power source. Therefore, continuous energy supply needs energy storing devices. In this proposed hybrid system, gel batteries are used. The state of charge (SOC), charge-discharge currents are affecting the battery energy efficiency. In this study, the battery energy efficiency is evaluated with three different power management strategies. The control algorithm is using Matlab-Simulink®.     

计及风、光、水能混合发电系统的建模与研究

提出了一种风光水混合发电系统,该系统包括风力发电、光伏发电、水力发电等子系统。在建立混合发电系统数学模型的基础上,分析了风光水抽水蓄能混合发电、风光互补抽水蓄能发电以及风光水简单混合发电3种运行方案的差异。通过实例仿真,对混合发电系统运行问题进行了探讨。仿真结果表明,风能、光能和水能互补性显著,可再生能源混合发电系统具有较大优势,抽水蓄能可解决电能生产与消费在时间上的不平衡问题。     

基于混合储能的光伏波动功率平抑方法研究

针对光伏发电系统中发电功率波动问题,构建了一种基于混合储能的光伏并网发电系统模型,以平抑并网功率的波动。该模型引入了由超级电容器和蓄电池组成的混合储能系统,可以有效应对在各种天气条件下所引起的光伏输出功率波动问题,从而对并网功率进行削峰填谷。同时,对现有的MPPT法进行相应改进,提出了单向变步长追踪法,能够更加稳定且迅速地调整光伏系统的最大输出功率,提高发电效率。最后,在Matlab/Simulink上进行仿真,结果表明该混合储能控制系统能够有效提高光伏并网功率输送的稳定性能。     

Characteristics of photovoltaic/fuel cell power hybrid system. (Effect on electrical load form factors)

The photovoltaic power system has a great future as a clean-energy alternative to fossil fuel which has many environmental problems such as gas exhaustion or air pollution. Sunlight, a source of energy for the system, is influenced greatly by weather conditions, seasons and times of day. Therefore it cannot supply constant electric power. The photovoltaic/fuel cell power hybrid system is assumed. It combines PV array, hydrogen generator, storage tank and fuel cells by using hydrogen. This system can supply constant electric power to the electric load in a solitary island separated from a commercial electric network. The possibility of this system is examined by computer simulation. Input data include the global irradiance on inclined plane and temperature of HASP data of Tokyo, ten kinds of electrical load forms with 400 MWh electric power a year, and conversion efficiencies of each subsystem. As a result of simulation, it was revealed that the area of PV array with 8170 m² and the volume of hydrogen tank from 22 × 10³ to 30 × 10³ kl are necessary.     

Energy balance analysis of combined photovoltaic-diesel powered telecommunication stations

During the last years photovoltaic (PV) generators comprise a promising option for satisfying the electrification needs of both grid connected and isolated systems worldwide. At the same time, the mobile telecommunication (T/C) sector presents a vast growth that leads to the expansion of the respective networks even at the most remote of areas. In this context, there are numerous T/C stations that cannot appreciate connection to an electricity grid and thus cover their energy needs usually on the basis of oil-consuming diesel generators. On the other hand, replacement of the oil-based generation with PV-battery stand-alone configurations implies system over-sizing so as to obtain zero load rejections throughout the year. In an attempt to both reduce the amounts of oil consumed and downsize the PV-battery system, a hybrid PV-based stand-alone system, employing also a diesel engine and a battery bank, is currently proposed. System sizing is first undertaken for various scenarios of annual fuel consumption and panel tilt angle under the restriction of zero load rejection, while following, the main directions for obtaining optimum solutions are given. Finally, an extensive energy balance analysis of typical configurations also provided reflects the fact that such hybrid systems may support better utilization of the PV energy production and also reduce considerably the annual amounts of oil required for the diesel-only solution.     

风光互补发电耦合氢储能系统研究综述

基于风光互补发电、电解水制氢、储氢、氢燃料电池等技术的风光互补发电耦合氢储能系统,以氢能为能源载体,是实现可再生能源-氢能-电能规模化应用的重要途径.介绍了风光互补发电、电解水制氢、储氢和氢燃料电池等关键技术的发展现状,对风光互补发电耦合氢储能系统中的离网型、并网型系统和容量配置优化等研究热点进行了分析,为风光互补发电...     

混合储能提高光伏低电压穿越控制策略的研究

低电压穿越(Low-Voltage Ride Through,LVRT)是影响光伏并网发电系统稳定运行的重要因素。针对这一现状,文中提出了一种混合储能(Hybrid Energy Storage System,HESS)的控制策略来解决,HESS由蓄电池储能系统(Battery Energy Storage System,BESS)和超导磁储能系统(Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage,SMES)构成。采用低通滤波的方法将不平衡功率分频,为HESS分配功率指令。当光伏并网发电系统正常运行时,HESS用于平抑功率波动。当出现短路故障时,采用无功电流注入的策略使光伏逆变器发出无功功率,此时不平衡功率仅由SMES吸收,BESS不参与运行。通过SMES与光伏逆变器的配合,顺利实现LVRT过程。所提方法能够提高光伏发电系统的低电压穿越能力,减小功率波动对电网的冲击,有一定的实际应用价值。     

德国新能源发电发展和运行研究

近年来,德国新能源发展迅猛,新能源发电量占比逐年提高。分析德国各类电源装机、发电量和发电小时数变化,揭示德国近十年来的能源转型历程。分析德国及其与周边国家联络线电量和电价的变化情况,研究新能源发展给德国电价带来的影响。通过典型周电力系统运行数据,分析德国电力系统应对新能源功率波动性的措施。德国新能源发展和运行实践表明,新能源优化运行和最大化消纳主要取决于灵活的电力现货市场机制、强有力的电源调节能力和坚强的跨国输电网络,同时,新能源的发展将对全社会电力生产成本和电价产生重大影响。     

Economic Evaluation of Power System Flexibility by Commercial Air Conditioner Control with Large Penetration of Photovoltaic Generation

High penetration of intermittent renewable energy such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind power could cause shortage of power system flexibility. Demand response is expected to help supply ancillary service instead of the conventional power plant. Commercial air conditioners are a promising responsive load for demand response because they account for a large proportion of power consumption in the power system. We calculate a system operation cost and hourly operation pattern of each power plant by using the optimal power generation model considering flexibility supply from controlling commercial air conditioner. We obtained the following results as an effect of commercial air conditioner control. (1) The power generation of oil fired power plants decreases at peak time and annual fuel cost of oil fired plant is reduced by approximately 30% at most in Kanto area. (2) The percentage of rated operation mode of LNG combined cycle plants increases. (3) Curtailed energy rate of PV decreases because a power storage amount by pumped hydropower generation increases. (4) Required battery capacity to reduce PV curtailed amount decreased by combining battery energy storage system in case of high penetration of PV.