A new carrier recovery circuit for land mobile satellitecommunication

A DCF (dual carrier filter) reverse-modulation-type carrier recovery circuit is proposed to achieve a low carrier skipping rate and satisfactory phase tracking performance for coherent detection of PSK (phase shift keying) signals in fast Rician fading channels. The proposed scheme employs both narrow and wide bandwidth carrier filters simultaneously for the reverse-modulation-type carrier recovery circuit. It is clarified by computer simulation that the Pe performance of a QPSK (quadriphase shift keying) modem employing the proposed scheme shows an improvement of 1.5 dB in required E_s/N_O at Pe=10⁴ (after Viterbi decoding (R=7/8, K=7), C/M (direct-to-multipath signal power ratio)=10 dB, interleaving size=64×64), compared with conventional coherent detection employing the reverse modulation tank-limiter scheme or the Costas loop scheme     

Fractional Multi‐bit Differential Detection Technique for Continuous Phase Modulation

A new low‐complexity differential detection technique, fractional multi‐bit differential detection (FMDD), is proposed in order to improve the performance of continuous phase modulation (CPM) signals such as Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) and Gaussian frequency shift keying (GFSK). In comparison to conventional one‐bit differential detected (1DD) GFSK, the FMDD‐employed GFSK provides a signal‐to‐noise ratio advantage of up to 1.8 dB in an AWGN channel. Thus, the bit‐error rate performance of the proposed FMDD is brought close to that of an ideal coherent detection while avoiding the implementation complexity associated with the carrier recovery. In the adjacent channel interference environment, FMDD achieves an even larger SNR advantage compared to 1DD.     

A single-chip MSK coherent demodulator for mobile radio transmission

Design and performance of a single-chip minimum shift keying (MSK) coherent demodulator fabricated by complementary metal oxide semiconductor-integrated circuit (CMOS-IC) technology is described. The demodulator consists of a phase detection circuit, carrier recovery circuit, data recovery circuit, and timing-clock recovery circuit. For the carrier recovery circuit, three types of Costas-loop are reviewed from the viewpoint that MSK modulation format has a close relationship to binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK). Among these loops, a loop of center-frequency locking scheme modified from a BPSK Costas-loop, termed MSK Costas-loop in this paper, is adopted for IC implementation. Digital IC design techniques are next described. Utilizing the sample-and-hold operation of the digital devices, a divided-frequency locking scheme of the quadrature coherent demodulation is proposed. Finally, IC demodulator performance is experimentally shown in the static and Rayleigh fading environments. The bit error rate performance and error-burst characteristic are measured. It is concluded that the single-chip coherent demodulator is suitable for digital mobile radio application.     

A spectrally efficient constant envelope modulation technique forPCS and mobile communications

A newly developed constant envelope FQPSK modem/radio architecture, which employs a modified double-jump (DJ) filter in the cross-correlated FQPSK system, is proposed for personal communications systems (PCS) and mobile radio applications. Power efficiency, spectrum efficiency, BER, and system capacity of this system are investigated in a non-linear amplified (NLA) Rayleigh fading environment. We demonstrate that with the simplest threshold detectors (binary robust eye diagrams in I and Q channels), this system is 4-7 dB more power efficient than the US digital cellular and Japanese Handyphone standard π/4-QPSK, 50%-100% more spectrally efficient than the European standard GMSK, and it almost double the capacity of GMSK     

基于Hilbert鉴相算法的全数字BPSK解调方法研究

数字通信系统中,调制解调效果的好坏直接关系着其性能优劣。本文就BPSK调制信号,讨论了实现其全数字解调的几种方法,如平方环法,Costas环法,并提出一种以Hilbert鉴相算法为基础构建的环路解调方法。针对此法,利用MATLAB进行仿真,仿真结果表明,此种环路解调方法之于锁相环路解调而言,能处理载波频率较高的调制信号,并更快的解调出基带数据,且此法在信噪比较低的情况下,本文取信噪比为12dB,经过软件仿真,解调的结果达到接近于10-4的误码率。     

A new FQPSK modem/radio architecture for PCS and mobile satellitecommunications

A newly developed constant envelope FQPSK modem/radio architecture, which employs a modified double-jump (DJ) filter in the cross-correlated FQPSK system, is proposed for personal communications systems (PCS) and mobile satellite applications. The power efficiency and spectrum efficiency of this system are investigated in a nonlinear amplified (NLA) environment. The bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated in a noisy Rayleigh fading channel. We demonstrate that with the simplest threshold detectors (binary robust eye diagrams in I and Q channels), this system is 4-7 dB more power efficient than the US digital cellular and Japanese Handyphone standard π/4-QPSK (50%-100% more spectrally efficient than the recently adopted wireless local area network (LAN) standard GFSK and the European standard GMSK). The results indicate that the proposed DJ filtered FQPSK is a power and spectrally efficient modem/radio technique. By selecting different system parameters, this system can be optimized for a wide range of applications in PCS and mobile satellite communications     

Digital portable transceiver using GMSK modem and ADM codec

Digital mobile radio transmission techniques and integrated circuit devices have been developed for application to a digital portable transceiver utilizing narrow-band GMSK modulation and ADM voice coding. Design and performance of a quadrature type GMSK modulator and a single-chip coherent demodulator as the GMSK modem are described. To overcome slow fading, encountered in portable applications, switching diversity using a jitter detection type sensor is proposed and shown to be effective. An experimental portable transceiver, developed to demonstrate hardware feasibility, is also described.     

GMSK信号的后解码相干解调

为提高现有通信系统中高斯最小频移键控(GMSK)信号的接收性能,提出了一种基于后解码的GMSK相干解调方法.对于接收到的GMSK基带信号,首先完成相位和载波的同步,将信号的初始相位补偿到零相位;然后通过交替抽取GMSK基带信号的虚部与实部幅度采样值完成信息提取;最后通过后续解码处理完成信号解调.仿真表明,在误码率为10-3时,基于后解码的GMSK解调性能仅比预编码GMSK相干解调差0.5 dB,与传统基于维特比迭代处理的GMSK相干解调性能基本相当,但算法实现更为简化,有利于在现有非相干解调GMSK通信系统中的性能提升实现.     

CMOS implementation of nonlinear spectral-line timing recovery in digital data-communication systems

In many of the digital communication systems where a form of passband modulation scheme is used, carrierless amplitude and phase modulation (CAP) or quadrature and amplitude modulation for example, the signal waveform does not contain a baud-rate spectral line. This paper describes analog and all-digital implementations of timing recovery using the nonlinear spectral-line method. The analog implementation of the timing-recovery integrated circuit was fabricated in 0.9-/spl mu/m CMOS process and verified to meet all the requirements for a system utilizing the CAP modulation scheme, and initial results of the all-digital implementation confirm an even better performance that is process independent. The 51.84-MHz recovered clock allows the receiver to achieve better than a 10/sup -10/ bit-error rate (BER).     

GSM信号的测量与分析

GSM信号作为一种复杂的通信信号，其测量意义很大。文中利用Agiient E4438C矢量信号发生器、E4404B频谱分析仪、GBIB总线搭建GSM测量网络，通过对GSM信号时域和频域的测量和分析，较全面地研究了其载波特性和频谱，更加深入地掌握了GSM信号的各种参数，验证了GSM信号采用GMSK的调制方式的原因，同时为今后GSM移动终端测试系统化、自动化提供了一定的理论依据。     

A novel demodulator/detector for digital and analog signals on LMRchannels

The design, implementation, and performance of an all-digital demodulator/detector suitable for differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), continuous-phase frequency-shift keying (CPFSK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), and analog FM are discussed. In this modulator/detector, two detectors, one noncoherent and another differentially coherent, operate simultaneously to provide data detection and automatic frequency control (AFC). Test results indicate that the system provides improved performance over the conventional analog quadrature detector for two-period raised-cosine (2RC) CPFSK modulation in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. Being all-digital, the demodulator/detector is well suited for integrated circuit implementation. In addition, the system performs as well as the analog quadrature detector for analog FM voice transmissions, thereby maintaining full compatibility with analog land mobile radio (LMR) transmissions     

1.6-Gb/s 16-Level Superposed APSK Modem with Baseband Signal-Processing Coherent Demodulator

A 1.6-Gb/s 16-level superposed APSK modem using a newly developed baseband signal-processing coherent demodulator is described. ln the modulator, the superposing modulation method is adopted in which two QPSK carriers having different levels are superposed so that the combined signal forms a 16-level APSK carrier. Sixteen signal points are arranged in lattice form on the signal space. In the demodulator, a newly developed carrier recovery loop is adopted in which quantizing error signals are detected in the process of data regeneration; they are used for generating the phase error signal to control a VCO. The principles of operation and theoretical analysis of this carrier recovery loop is described, through which it is shown that the recovered carrier has inherently low-pattern jitter power. Furthermore, it features a very simple circuit configuration. The circuit configurations of an experimental modem and some important test results are deseribed in detail. It is shown that the modem has improved performance characteristics in such a high-speed region as 1.6 Gb/s while its circuit configuration is much simplified.     

全数字Costas环在FPGA上的设计与实现

Costas环是一种闭环自动调整系统,常用于抑制载波的相位调制系统中提取参考载波信号。文中在FPGA(现场可编程门阵列)平台上实现了全数字化的Costas环载波恢复电路,介绍了Costas环的基本原理,详细阐述了环路各部件的参数及电路设计,给出了实现后的RTL(寄存器传输逻辑)原理图及仿真测试数据,仿真结果表明,该Costas环路具有十分优良的性能。     

Single-channel blind equalization for GSM cellular systems

This paper focuses on the study of blind equalization global system for mobile communications (GSM) systems using a single antenna. In order to utilize the well-known linear system model in conventional studies of blind equalization, an equivalent baseband quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) approximation is used for the nonlinear GMSK signal in GSM systems. Since the GMSK signal in GSM has very little excess bandwidth to warrant oversampling, a derotation scheme is developed to create two subchannels for each received GMSK signal sampled at the baud rate. Linear approximation of the GMSK signal makes the traditional QAM blind equalization system model applicable for GSM. Derotation induces channel diversity without an additional antenna and reduces the number of necessary radio frequency (RF) receivers (sensors) without increasing hardware or computational costs. Several second-order statistical and higher order statistical methods of blind equalization are adopted for GSM signals     

Fast carrier-tracking coherent detection with dual-mode carrierrecovery circuit for digital land mobile radio transmission

A new type of carrier recovery circuit suitable for coherent detection in digital land-mobile radio transmission is studied experimentally. A dual-mode carrier recovery (DCR) circuit is proposed that adaptively selects one of two phase locked-loop operation modes: the conventional mode or the adaptive carrier-tracking (ACT) mode. The ACT mode digitally controls the reference phase, and enables instantaneous phase tracking in burst signal operation and/or in a fast fading environment. The DCR coherent demodulator performance is identical to that of conventional coherent detection in the low-CNR region, and to that of differential detection in the high CNR region where the ACT mode is selected     

Quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE polar loop transmitter

An enhanced data-rates for GSM evolution (EDGE) transmitter using a nonlinear GSM-type PA is presented. It is based on a novel polar loop architecture that employs separate feedback control of the amplitude and the phase of the output signal. With this approach, the problems with AM-to-PM as well as AM-to-AM of the nonlinear PA are essentially eliminated. In addition, this architecture allows for a large dynamic output power control range, as required by the GSM specification. The transmitter uses a standard I/Q interface and does not require the extraction of amplitude and phase modulation in the digital domain. The dual feedback loop ensures robust performance even under voltage-standing wave ratio variations without using an isolator. No external PA filtering is required to meet the transmitter noise in the receive band. The EDGE spectral mask is met with an rms error vector magnitude of <3% at 29 dBm at the antenna, corresponding to 2 dB above nominal maximum output power. There is no mode change between GMSK and EDGE, and the transmitter operates seamlessly in multislot Enhanced General Packet Radio Service. The polar modulation transmitter meets or exceeds the GSM-type approval requirements for both EDGE and GMSK in quad band (850/900/1800/1900 MHz).     

Pilot tone aided coherent GMSK systems for sound/data mobilebroadcasting

A Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) modem with built-in fade canceler is proposed narrowband mobile digital broadcasting systems. The proposed scheme combines DC suppressing line code and high-pass filters to create a spectral null at the carrier frequency of the transmit GMSK signal spectrum. This enables an unmodulated carrier pilot tone to be transmitted with the digital broadcast signal without mutual interference. In the receiver, the recovered pilot is used to coherently demodulate the received signal without phase ambiguity. The pilot can be also be used to track and cancel out the random phase noise induced by fast fading. The scheme is applied to a 16 kb/s BT=0.25 GMSK signal with B_v=800 Hz, and its performance over a fast Rayleigh fading channel is investigated using computer simulation. The results demonstrates that the proposed coherent modem is capable of significantly outperforming conventional differential detection in fast fading environments such as a broadcasting channel for mobile reception     

一种用于高速QPSK解调的四次方环载波恢复电路

为解决高速QPSK信号全数字解调的技术瓶颈问题,采用模拟方案,研制了一种四次方环载波恢复电路,重点介绍了应用混频器上变频特性的宽带平方电路以及锁相环(PLL)载波提取电路的设计过程.测试结果表明,该载波恢复电路可以完成载频为720 MHz、码速率100 Mbit/s～1 Gbit/s范围的QPSK信号同步载波恢复,解决了高速信号相干解调中载波同步的关键技术问题.     

无源雷达GSM信号模糊函数研究

以基于GSM的无源雷达系统为背景 ,研究了GSM信号的模糊函数 ,特别是针对GSM信号的调制特点 ,采用MSK代替GMSK调制的近似分析方法得到了一种时延和频移向模糊函数的解析表达式 ,为现有GSM信号作为雷达信号在目标检测、参数估计和杂波抑制等方面提供了一定的理论参考     

Cross-correlated correlative encoding: an efficient modulationmethod

A new cross-correlated correlative baseband encoding scheme is presented as a means of doubling the capacity of a mobile communication systems without the cost of complex baseband filtering. System performance is studied in a non-linear amplified channel for 6 to 9 dB improved power efficiency. The system is analyzed for spectrum efficiency, adjacent channel interference (ACI), co-channel interference (CCI) and bit error rate (BER) performance in a Rayleigh faded cellular network. Computer simulated results and hardware experimentation show that modified correlative encoding achieves up to a 70% improvement in spectrum efficiency and double network capacity when compared to constant envelope GMSK modulation used in GSM, DCS1800, PCS1900 and DECT systems