固溶处理对Ti-6Cr-5Mo-5V-4Al合金组织与性能的影响

研究了固溶处理对一种新型Ti-6Cr-5 Mo-5V-4Al合金组织与室温拉伸性能的影响.研究发现:Ti-6Cr-5 Mo-5V-4Al合金在β/β固溶处理后的典型组织为:变形拉长的β晶粒,晶粒破碎,原始β晶界处有项链状初生α相析出,经时效后,晶内则析出纵横交错的细小次生α相.β固溶处理后的典型组织为:等轴β晶粒,经时效后晶界处沿着一定取向析出次生α相薄片层,晶内弥散分布着平行交错的细小次生α相.随着固溶温度的升高,β晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,初生α相的含量逐渐减少,相转变温度以上固溶处理后初生α相完全消失.α/β固溶+时效后显微组织中次生α相尺寸较小,大小均匀,长度在500nm左右;而β固溶+时效后显微组织中次生α相尺寸较大,且大小不均,长度在200～1500 nm左右.该合金经固溶处理后具有中等强度水平和良好的塑性,且在实验温度范围内,固溶温度越高,合金强度越低,塑性越好;经时效后,α/β固溶处理的时效强化效应明显强于β固溶处理后,强度差值达360 MPa,主要是因为α/β固溶处理后初生α相的析出,导致残余β相更加稳定,时效时次生α相的驱动力小,以及残余大量的位错等缺陷为α相提供了较多的形核位置,因此次生α相尺寸细小且分布均匀弥散.     

固溶时效对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶温度、时效温度、时效时间对Ti-6Cr-5V-5Mo-4Al-1Nb(Ti-65541)合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,在β相变点以上固溶并时效后,合金中析出细小的次生α相,初生α相完全消失;在较低温度固溶并时效后,次生α相和初生α相同时存在。时效温度对合金强度和塑性的影响最为显著,固溶温度次之,时效时间的影响最弱。随着时效温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低,塑性提高。随着固溶温度的提高,合金的强度提高,塑性降低。随着时效时间的延长,合金强度和塑性总体呈降低趋势。在740～760℃范围内固溶处理,在540～580℃范围内时效且时效时间在4～6 h内,可获得综合性能优异的Ti-65541合金。     

固溶和时效温度对铸态TC18合金组织性能的影响

钛合金具有相变复杂性以及相变敏感性,制备状态下的高强钛合金其显微组织及力学性能与对应的固溶-时效工艺直接相关。该研究对名义成分为Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe的TC18钛合金进行固溶-时效处理,对比研究不同固溶温度以及时效温度对其显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,固溶-时效热处理对合金性能提升效果显著,固溶处理使合金基体中残存的初生α相粗化,其他区域形成过饱和固溶体,在接下来的时效过程中,β基体析出细小针状次生α相。在两种α相的配合影响下,合金整体强度提升明显。     

热处理对Ti-25V-15Cr-2Al-2Mo-0.2C合金组织稳定性的影响

研究了热处理对Ti-25V-15Cr-2A1-2Mo-0.2C阻燃β钛合金组织稳定性的影响。结果表明，高温固溶并直接时效处理导致合金β基体上析出较多的α相沉淀，尤其在随后的热暴露组织中形成了恶化合金塑性的连续晶界α膜。然而，若在时效前再进行一次低温固溶处理则可明显减少α相的析出数量，合金的热稳定性因此而得到显著改善。     

热轧和热处理对高强β钛合金板材显微组织和拉伸性能的影响研究

正Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe合金是一种高强β型钛合金。Z.X.Du等人研究了热轧和热处理工艺参数对该合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。通过显微组织观察发现,该合金经α+β两相区轧制过后,晶粒得到充分破碎,比经β单相区热轧后的晶粒细小;经α+β两相区固溶后,合金的晶粒比β单相区固溶后的晶粒小。拉伸测试发现,通过时效热     

热处理对Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe合金组织与力学性能的影响研究

对Ti-3Al-5Mo-4Cr-2Zr-1Fe(Ti-35421)合金进行了不同工艺的固溶时效处理,研究了热处理后的组织演变规律与力学性能。结果表明：经不同温度固溶+540℃时效后,随着固溶温度的升高,初生α相板条变短变粗,体积分数减少,针状次生α相体积分数增加,Ti-35421合金的强度增加,塑韧性减小,拉伸断口表面韧窝数量减少、尺寸变小,逐渐出现微孔和空洞;经775℃固溶+不同温度时效后,随着时效温度的升高,针状次生α相变短变粗,次生α相间距增大,合金的强度减小,塑韧性增加,拉伸断口表面韧窝逐渐变大变深,微孔和空洞逐渐消失。当热处理工艺为775℃/1 h/AC+560℃/16 h/AC时,Ti-35421合金的抗拉强度为1125 MPa,屈服强度为1024 MPa,延伸率为5.5%,冲击吸收功为36.3 J,具有良好的强塑韧性匹配。     

热处理对新型医用Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb钛合金显微组织与力学性能的影响

分析了不同热处理制度对新型医用Ti-3Zr-2Sn-3Mo-25Nb合金显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明:经(α+β)两相区固溶处理后,合金主要由初生α相和β相组成;初生α相尺寸短小,以颗粒状形式出现在晶粒内部和晶界附近。在实验参数范围内,升高固溶温度导致初生α相的体积分数降低,β相的体积分数增加。经β单相区固溶处理后,合金主要由单一β相组成;随着固溶温度升高,β相晶粒逐渐长大,晶粒尺寸约为25μm。经(α+β)两相区固溶+时效处理后,在β相基体上析出针状α相,尺寸细小,呈交叉排列。经β单相区固溶+时效处理后,在β相晶界附近和晶粒内部析出尺寸大小不一的细针状α相;晶界附近析出的α相具有一定的取向,晶粒内部析出的α相横纵交错,大小不均匀。经固溶处理后,合金获得中等水平的强度和较好的塑性;随着固溶温度的升高,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐减小,塑性和弹性模量逐渐增加。经(α+β)两相区固溶处理后,合金的抗拉强度与屈服强度之差(Rm-Rp0.2)较β单相区固溶处理后的大。经(α+β)两相区固溶+时效处理后的合金强度增量高于β单相区固溶+时效处理后的合金强度增量。在相同时效条件下,随着固溶温度升高,合金的强度和模量逐渐减小,延伸率基本保持不变。经780℃/30min固溶空冷+480℃/6h时效空冷处理后合金的弹性模量达最小值(E=64GPa),最接近于人体自然骨骼等硬组织的弹性模量。     

Ti-1300F高强钛合金丝材热处理工艺优化

采用正交试验方法,研究了固溶温度、时效温度和时效时间对φ6.5 mm Ti-1300 F合金丝材室温拉伸性能和显微组织的影响.结果表明:经α+β两相区固溶+时效处理后,合金的显微组织由细小等轴初生α相、弥散针状次生α相和β基体组成.时效温度对合金强度和塑性的影响最为显著,固溶温度次之,时效时间的影响最小.根据试验结果对...     

Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al合金中的冲击相变研究

利用Hopkinson压杆装置,对Ti-5Mo-5V-2Cr-3Al(TB10)合金进行高速冲击试验,采用光学显微镜和透射电镜分析其冲击相变与动态承载能力之间的关系.结果表明,显微组织状态对绝热剪切敏感性影响很大,在相同的应变率条件下,两相区固溶+时效、两相区固溶+双重时效的TB10合金试样中均可观察到明显的绝热剪切带...     

双级时效对近β高强钛合金冷轧薄板显微组织及力学性能的影响

对Ti-3.5Al-5Mo-6V-3Cr-2Sn-0.5Fe钛合金进行双级时效热处理,对比研究双级时效对高强β钛合金组织与性能的影响。时效温度选取650℃+450℃,研究结果表明双级时效处理对合金力学性能提升明显,650℃预时效时基体先析出较大尺寸的α相,后续的低温再时效将继续析出尺寸较小的次生α相,两种尺寸的α相共同作用下,使得双级时效的合金获得强度1 504 MPa,延伸率10.3%的优良力学性能。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.