超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能机理探究

通过超声疲劳试验探究超声冲击对MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响。同时,从应力集中、残余应力、晶粒细化等三个因素来探究超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的机理。结果表明：在1.0×108寿命下,焊态试样疲劳强度为31.62MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度为39.81MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度相较于焊态提高了26%。这说明超声冲击可以明显提高MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能。焊态试样焊趾处应力集中系数Kt1=1.95,冲击态试样焊趾处应力集中系数Kt2=1.67,应力集中系数降低了14.4%,所以超声冲击可以降低焊趾处的应力集中程度。超声冲击后试样焊趾处的应力由残余拉应力转变成残余压应力。超声冲击细化焊趾表面晶粒改善MB8镁合金焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能。     

超声冲击对SMA490BW钢焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响

采用超声冲击工艺对转向架用SMA490BW钢对接接头焊趾表面进行冲击处理,研究了超声冲击对接头超高周疲劳性能的影响。借助金相显微镜、SEM和TEM研究了冲击层金相组织、冲击前后焊趾处的形貌及表层金属晶粒细化程度。运用有限元软件计算焊接接头的应力分布,采用X射线应力仪对冲击前后焊趾表层的应力进行了测量和分析。结果表明,在5×10~6循环周次下,冲击态接头和焊态接头的疲劳强度分别为206 MPa和153 MPa,经冲击处理后疲劳强度提高了34.6%。在1×10~8循环周次下,冲击态接头的疲劳强度为195 MPa,与焊态接头的141 MPa相比提高了38.3%。在240 MPa的应力水平下,焊接接头经超声冲击处理后的疲劳寿命提高了7倍。经冲击处理的焊趾部位的应力集中系数下降了19.1%,其表面的残余拉应力得到消除,并转变为有益的残余压缩应力,焊趾表层组织得到明显细化,这3个方面均对提高焊接接头疲劳性能起到了积极贡献。     

超声冲击对SMA490BW耐候钢十字焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

采用HJ2-Ⅲ型超声冲击枪对SMA490BW耐候钢十字焊接接头焊趾表面进行超声冲击处理。利用EHF-EM200K2-070-1A疲劳试验机对SMA490BW钢焊态和超声冲击态十字接头试样进行疲劳试验,利用显微硬度计测试焊缝处的力学性能,采用高分辨透射电镜对冲击后的十字接头焊趾区域表面微观组织进行分析。结果表明:焊态、超声冲击态十字接头的条件疲劳极限(2×10~6)分别为165.96、219.28 MPa,超声冲击处理态十字接头的疲劳强度提高了32.13%。经超声冲击处理后焊趾处的显微硬度得到提高,超声冲击处理前后焊趾区的平均硬度为203、228 HV,超声冲击处理后焊趾区的硬度提高了12.3%。焊趾表层的晶粒在超声冲击处理后得到细化,大多数晶粒的尺度在250 nm左右,有少量的晶粒尺度达到纳米级别。     

超声冲击对7A52铝合金焊接接头疲劳性能的影响

文中对超声冲击处理前后的7A52铝合金焊接接头显微组织、显微硬度以及残余应力进行了分析,并对超声冲击处理前后的接头在不同循环应力比的加载条件下进行了疲劳试验.结果表明,经超声冲击处理后接头塑性变形层厚度在45~70 μm左右,母材区表面硬度提高了170%,焊缝区硬度提高了大约70%,改变了焊态残余应力分布,成功引入了压应力;在疲劳试验中,循环次数为2×106的条件下,加载应力循环比为0.1时,冲击态接头的疲劳强度为60.26 MPa,比疲劳强度为40.74 MPa的焊态试样提高了47.9%,而在加载应力循环比为0.45时,冲击态接头的疲劳强度为46.53 MPa,比疲劳强度为39.97 MPa的焊态试样提高了16.4%.     

超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的机理

通过超声疲劳试验探究超声冲击对MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的影响。同时,从应力集中、残余应力、晶粒细化等3个因素来探究超声冲击改善MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能的机理。结果表明:在1.0×108疲劳寿命下,焊态试样疲劳强度为31.62 MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度为39.81 MPa,冲击态试样疲劳强度相较于焊态提高了26%。这说明超声冲击可以明显提高MB8镁合金焊接接头超高周疲劳性能。焊态试样焊趾处应力集中系数K_(t1)=1.95,冲击态试样焊趾处应力集中系数K_(t2)=1.67,应力集中系数降低了14.4%,所以超声冲击可以降低焊趾处的应力集中程度。超声冲击后试样焊趾处的应力由残余拉应力转变成残余压应力。超声冲击细化了焊趾表面晶粒从而改善了MB8镁合金焊接接头的超高周疲劳性能。     

超声冲击对MB8镁合金对接接头疲劳性能的影响

采用HJ-Ⅲ型超声冲击设备对MB8镁合金对接接头焊趾区域进行冲击处理.利用EHF-EM200K2-070-1A电液伺服疲劳试验机对超声冲击前后的MB8镁合金对接接头进行疲劳对比试验.采用光学显微镜和高分辨率的透射电镜对超声冲击后的MB8镁合金对接接头的表层组织进行了分析.结果表明,在试验循环基数为2×106周次的条件下,超声冲击态接头的疲劳强度为52.8 MPa,比焊态试样的疲劳强度提高了37.5%,在同等应力水平下,接头的疲劳寿命提高了58～65倍.超声冲击后,焊趾处的应力集中程度降低,焊址及附近区域发生明显塑性变形,变形层厚度大约为70 μm,并在焊趾表面获得了纳米晶组织,同时把焊接残余拉应力转变为压缩应力.超声冲击可以大幅度地提高MB8镁合金焊接接头的疲劳寿命.     

承载超声冲击提高TC4钛合金焊接接头的疲劳性能

利用自行研制的HJ-II型超声冲击处理装置对钛合金十字接头焊趾处进行了处理,并对接头的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,在应力比R=0.5加载条件下,非承载超声冲击处理的TC4钛合金焊接接头较原始焊态的疲劳强度提高了约73.5%,寿命延长了12~17倍左右,承载超声冲击处理的TC4钛合金焊接接头较原始焊态的疲劳强度提高了148.1%,寿命延长了23~26倍左右.同时,从超声冲击前后应力集中系数的改变、焊接接头残余应力的改变、接头焊趾区表层塑性变形及硬度的变化等几个方面阐述了超声冲击提高焊接接头疲劳性能的机理,特别是承载超声冲击提高TC4钛合金焊接接头疲劳性能的原因.     

铁路快捷货车焊接转向架典型接头疲劳性能研究与应用

采用三点弯曲疲劳试验和断口微观分析等方法对焊态(不做工艺处理)和焊后经不同处理的快捷货车焊接转向架的典型焊接接头疲劳性能进行研究。研究结果表明:全熔透T型接头焊态的疲劳强度为146.25 MPa,焊趾经打磨处理后接头的疲劳强度为165.75 MPa,焊趾经喷丸处理后接头的疲劳强度为180.45 MPa,焊趾经打磨+喷丸处理后接头的疲劳强度为203.75 MPa。通过焊后对焊趾进行打磨、喷丸以及打磨+喷丸处理,可有效改善接头焊趾部位的应力集中,并使焊趾处表面拉应力变为压应力,显著提高T型全熔透焊接接头的疲劳强度。     

超声冲击改善P355NL1钢焊接接头腐蚀疲劳性能研究

对P355NL1钢焊接接头进行超声冲击处理,研究超声冲击对腐蚀疲劳性能的影响。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜对超声冲击前后的表层显微结构以及腐蚀疲劳失效断口进行分析,利用电化学工作站对超声冲击前后试样电化学腐蚀速率进行测定。结果表明,当试样处于6%(质量分数) NaCl腐蚀溶液中时,焊态试样疲劳强度下降12.5%;在6%NaCl腐蚀液和水介质中,冲击态试样相较于焊态试样疲劳强度分别提高了75%和53%,S-N曲线斜率分别改变75.4%和60.4%。经超声冲击处理后试样表层产生明显的塑性变形层,最大变形层深度约350μm;冲击之后试样的疲劳寿命有很明显提高,疲劳断裂位置也由焊趾处转移到焊缝或者母材区,腐蚀坑数目明显减少。表明超声冲击可以细化晶粒,同时降低应力集中现象,消除有害残余拉应力,引入有益的残余压应力,降低电化学腐蚀速率,提高焊接接头的腐蚀疲劳性能。     

高温超声冲击处理Q345钢焊接接头的疲劳性能

利用自行研制的超声冲击处理装置,对Q345钢对接接头焊趾区分别进行了室温(20℃),250,350及450℃下的高温超声冲击处理,并对处理后接头的疲劳性能进行了研究.结果表明,在应力比R=0.1的条件下,室温及高温超声冲击处理均能有效改善Q345钢对接接头的疲劳性能,且250℃超声冲击处理接头的疲劳性能与原始焊态相比,改善程度最大,高达99.41%.此外,在残余应力和应力集中因素的影响下,焊接接头疲劳强度的改善程度随超声冲击温度的升高呈先上升后下降的趋势.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.