燃烧法制备中温SOFC电解质及其电极材料

采用一种新的燃烧合成陶瓷粉体的方法--硝酸盐-柠檬酸盐燃烧法低温合成中温SOFC所有元件的初始粉体并组装成单电池,电池的电解质材料为Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9,阴极材料为掺杂一定量固体电解质的La0.6Sr0.4Fe0.8Co0.2O3,阳极材料为固体电解质与NiO的复合材料.单电池的性能测试结果表明:单电池的输出电压和输出电流皆随其运行温度升高而增大,同时单电池的开路电压随温度升高而下降.以Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9电解质材料为电解质的单电池在750℃的最大输出功率密度约为85 mW/cm2.     

甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成高烧结活性氧化铈电解质粉体

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了适用于中低温固体氧化物燃料电池的电解质材料Ce0.8Gd0.05Y0.15O1.9，主要分析了甘氨酸，硝酸根比值对燃烧合成过程、制得粉体结构、粒度和形貌的影响，并对其烧结性能作了评价。     

甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成高烧结活性氧化铈电解质粉体

用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了适用于中低温固体氧化物燃料电池的电解质材料Ce0.8Gd0.05Y0.15O1.9,主要分析了甘氨酸/硝酸根比值对燃烧合成过程、制得粉体结构、粒度和形貌的影响,并对其烧结性能作了评价.     

Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9固体电解质的低温燃烧合成及性能

利用柠檬酸做还原剂,硝酸盐做氧化剂,采用低温燃烧合成工艺制备纳米尺寸的Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9电解质粉体,用XRD、IR、TEM和SEM研究产物的微观结构和烧结性能。XRD、TEM和IR光谱研究表明利用低温燃烧合成工艺直接获得了单一的纳米Ce0.8Y0.2O1.9固溶体,SEM分析表明电解质粉体具有很好的烧结活性。利用交流阻抗谱在400~800℃温度范围内测量了电解质的电化学性能,结果表明,800℃时氧离子电导率为0.058 S/cm,活化能为0.73 eV。采用低温燃烧合成工艺有利于降低电解质的烧结温度,改善电解质的性能。     

中温SOFC复合阴极材料的制备及性能

在La0.7Sr0.3Co0.95Cu0.05O3-δ中掺入不同比例的Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9制成中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)复合阴极材料,对其进行晶体结构表征和高温电导率、热膨胀系数和阴极过电位测试.结果表明,Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9的掺入不但有效地降低了La0.7Sr0.3Co0.95Cu0.05O3-δ阴极材料的热膨胀系数,而且Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9掺入量为10%(质量分数,下同)的样品,其电导率高于La0.7Sr0.3Co0.95Cu0.05O3-δ,并且它在相同过电位下其阴极电流密度也大于其他样品.以其为阴极的SOFC单电池,在850 ℃最大短路电流密度达511 mA/cm2,最大输出功率密度为106 mW/cm2.     

碱土金属双掺杂钴铁酸镧的结构和电性能

应用共沉淀法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池刚极材料La0.7Sr0.3-xCaxCo0.9Fe01O3-δ(x=0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)的粉料.采用XRD,SEM和直流四极探针法研究了其晶体结构和电导率随温度变化规律以及其与电解质Ce0.8Sm0.2O2的化学相容性.实验表明Ca2+和Sr2+双掺杂取代La3+进入晶格后,合成的粉料具有六角晶系钙钛矿结构;随着Ca2+含量x增加,La0.7Sr0.3-xCaxCo0.9Fe0.1O3-δ晶胞a轴方向缩短c轴方向拉长,晶胞体积减小且样品的电导率也在降低.随温度升高到490℃,电导率出现最大值,温度继续升高晶格氧逸出而导致电导率降低.400℃～700℃时,样品的电导率均高于450S/cm.当x=0.10和0.15时,其电导率基本相等且高于760 S/cm.合成的粉料与电解质Ce0.8Sm0.2O2具有良好的化学相容性.     

固体氧化物燃料电池Ni/SDC阳极材料的制备与表征

采用一种改进的均相共沉淀法一缓冲溶液法合成出NiO-Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9复合粉体,对其相组成和粒度进行了表征.以NiO-Ce0.8-Sm0.2O1.9复合粉体为原料制备出固体氧化物燃料电池Ni/SDC阳极材料,对其微结构和相关性能进行了测试分析,并与由机械混合NiO-SDC粉体所制备的Ni/SDC材料进行了比较.结果表明,通过缓冲溶液法合成的NiO-SDC粉体具有纳米级粒度,以其制备的Ni/SDC阳极材料比由机械混合粉体所制备Ni/SDC材料的晶粒度和孔隙更为均匀和细小,电导率也更高,且以此为阳极的SOFC单电池表现出更优异的电池性能.     

GDC电解质粉体合成及其性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了均一、单相、烧结活性高的GDC(Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9)电解质粉体.利用交流阻抗谱法测定了350℃～700℃范围内GDC烧结体离子电导率.通过多层流延制备了GDC/YSZ/NiO-YSZ(8 mol%yttria-stabilized zirconia)3层复合生坯,共烧后在GDC面丝网印刷LSCF(La0.8Sr0 2Fe0.8Co0.2O3)阴极浆料,烧结得到了表面平整、无开裂的LSCF/GDC/YSZ/NiO-YSZ 4层PEN(Positive-Electrolyte-Negative)结构.     

低温SOFC复合电解质LSGM-碳酸盐的制备及性能

通过固相反应法、甘氨酸-硝酸盐燃烧法和聚丙烯酰胺溶胶凝胶法合成了La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(2.85)(LSGM)粉体,并与二元碳酸盐复合,制备了低温下具有高离子电导率和良好稳定性的新型LSGM-(Li/Na)_2CO_3复合电解质。研究了LSGM粉体制备方法和二元碳酸盐含量对复合电解质性能的影响。结果表明,LSGM-碳酸盐复合电解质存在电导跃迁温度,且在跃迁温度以上电导率明显提高,600和450℃时分别高达0.122和0.08 S·cm~(-1)。以LSGM-碳酸盐复合物为电解质的单电池表现了良好的性能输出,600和500℃时最高输出功率密度可达617和311 m W·cm~(-2)。同时,电池输出功率和开路电压(OCV)受LSGM形貌、尺寸和碳酸盐含量的影响,以碳酸盐含量为20%(质量分数)的复合物为电解质的单电池性能最佳。     

低温燃烧合成La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2．85固体电解质粉末

低温燃烧合成工艺结合了溶液法和高温自蔓延合成超细粉末工艺的特点，可以在较低的温度下引发化学反应，并利用反应自身的放热效应维持反应的继续进行。在硝酸盐．柠檬酸体系中用该工艺直接合成了比表面积超过120m^2／g的La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.85固体电解质超细粉末。研究了硝酸盐溶液起始浓度和pH值对产物性能的影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.