生物滤池处理微污染水源水试验研究

通过中试试验,探讨了在春季温度较低的情况下,不同滤料介质的生物滤池对于姚江微污染水源水的处理效果。研究表明,双层生物滤料滤池能够有效地去除浊度、有机物、氨氮等污染物质,适合于传统滤池的改造。采用颗粒活性炭-石英砂滤料滤池的综合处理效果优于同类型的沸石-石英砂滤料滤池,通过加入一定量的臭氧(1.50 mg/L)可以进一步提高生物滤池的处理效果。     

深度处理水厂活性炭滤池氨氮去除效果分析

在水厂实际运行过程中,通过对常规水厂活性炭滤池与深度处理水厂臭氧-生物活性炭工艺中活性炭滤池长期运行过程中对氨氮的处理效果进行比较,从稳态生物膜模型与非稳态生物膜模型中形成的生物膜所需基质浓度方面做分析,研究进水氨氮浓度对滤料生物膜生长及去除氨氮效果的影响。结果表明,常规水厂活性炭滤池运行1个月后,活性炭滤池去除效果趋于稳定,平均去除率达93.63%,形成的非稳态生物膜,对低营养进水有较好的去除效果,并能应对浓度相对高的氨氮。深度处理水厂活性炭滤池进水一直维持较低氨氮水平,从连续5年的监测数据看,大部分的氨氮浓度月平均值0.02 mg/L,导致活性炭滤池表面形成了稳态生物膜,生物量与活性趋于稳定,去除效果受限,无法应对低营养进水及突发性高氨氮水。     

双金属催化滤料生物滤池处理效果及对膜污染影响研究

双金属催化滤料生物滤池替代传统生物滤池,作为超滤膜系统的预处理工艺,可提高三氮的去除效率,保证产水水质稳定,显著减缓超滤膜污染,延长膜使用寿命。生物催化滤池内催化还原反应促进反硝化系统的进行,保证了水中硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮的分解去除;研究表明,生物催化滤池预处理较常规生物滤池可将TOC的去除率由73.2%提高到81.5%,其增加部分的主要成分为可引起膜污染的芳香蛋白类和富里酸类有机污染物。此外,双金属催化滤料增加了滤池的过滤精度,其出水胶体平均粒径明显小于常规生物滤池。催化还原反应产生的铁离子在过滤紊流的环境中微絮凝,进一步去除了微污染水源水中的胶体和悬浮物,减轻了胶体颗粒对超滤膜的污染。除具有常规滤池的生物降解、过滤作用外,双金属催化滤料生物滤池还具有催化还原和微絮凝的协同作用,显著提高了水中有机污染物和胶体颗粒的去除率,超滤膜污染得到有效减缓。     

不同填料对滤池处理嗅味物质2-MIB的中试研究

针对水厂常规工艺对2022年发布的《生活饮用水卫生标准》中新增感官性指标2-MIB去除效果欠佳问题，以柱状滤池为实验装置，通过填充不同滤料模拟不同水厂滤池运行，对不同水厂生物滤池及砂滤料处理2-MIB效果、影响因素进行中试研究，在检验去除2-MIB的同时，对装置出水的浊度、UV₂₅₄、硝酸盐等指标与滤池出水对比。结果表明，水厂滤池的生物滤料在其它水厂仍可发挥处理2-MIB效果，通过砂滤料与生物炭滤料混合，可以使原本不具有2-MIB降解效果的砂滤池出水2-MIB浓度低至10 ng/L以下，且其浊度、UV₂₅₄去除效果与水厂常规滤池一致。同时滤池进水余氯量是影响出水2-MIB的重要因素，余氯量越高，出水2-MIB浓度随之升高。本实验为不具有去除2-MIB效果滤池且无深度处理工艺的水厂，提供了一种见效快、成本低的2-MIB处理方法，可以在不影响水厂滤池正常运行，不需增加深度处理工艺条件下，实现高效去除2-MIB。     

青草沙水源水厂生物活性炭滤池滤料更换的思考

研究使用长江水源的上海某采用臭氧生物活性炭工艺的深度处理水厂近10年的生物活性炭滤池滤料运行性能参数变化,探讨生物活性炭滤池滤料的合理更换周期及更换指标.结果 表明,在该水厂的水源、工艺及运行参数条件下,较为适宜的生物活性炭滤池滤料使用年限为7～8年,以碘吸附值≤200 mg/g、灰分≥15％、CODMn年平均去除率低于20％作为更换指标,相较于《煤质颗粒活性炭净化水用煤质颗粒活性炭》(GB/T 7701.2-2008)中规定的4项:碘吸附值≥800 mg/g、亚甲蓝吸附值≥120 mg/g、强度≥85％、粒度,对于制水企业具有更实际的操作性及成本控制空间.     

双金属催化滤料生物滤池处理效果及对膜污染影响研究

双金属催化滤料生物滤池替代传统生物滤池,作为超滤膜系统的预处理工艺,可提高三氮的去除效率,保证产水水质稳定,显著减缓超滤膜污染,延长膜使用寿命。生物催化滤池内催化还原反应促进反硝化系统的进行,保证了水中硝酸氮和亚硝酸氮的分解去除;研究表明,生物催化滤池预处理较常规生物滤池可将TOC的去除率由73.2%提高到81.5%,其增加部分的主要成分为可引起膜污染的芳香蛋白类和富里酸类有机污染物。此外,双金属催化滤料增加了滤池的过滤精度,其出水胶体平均粒径明显小于常规生物滤池。催化还原反应产生的铁离子在过滤紊流的环境中微絮凝,进一步去除了微污染水源水中的胶体和悬浮物,减轻了胶体颗粒对超滤膜的污染。除具有常规滤池的生物降解、过滤作用外,双金属催化滤料生物滤池还具有催化还原和微絮凝的协同作用,显著提高了水中有机污染物和胶体颗粒的去除率,超滤膜污染得到有效减缓。     

生物活性炭滤池对污染物去除效果预测模型建立方法的介绍

对生物活性炭滤池的模型建立方法进行了介绍,从生物活性炭滤池去除有机物的效果、滤池内发生的各反应的机理及假设条件几个方面着手,具体包括水流的流动过程、生物膜降解污染物(基质)的过程、污染物在水流中以及生物膜中的传质过程,以及滤料本身对污染物的吸附过程。同时,对确定和估算模型参数给出了建议,为预测污染物在生物活性炭滤池的去除效果提供了技术支撑。     

生物氧化臭氧活性炭联用工艺处理微染污水

采用生物滤池-臭氧氧化-生物活性炭联用工艺深度处理保定护城河某段微污染河水,通过研究各个单元与单元间联用的处理效果以及改变生化时间、臭氧氧化时间和生物活性炭的吸附时间,分别对比了COD_(Mn)、NH_3-N、色度和浊度的去除效果。结果表明,各个单元单独处理河水的效果不理想,单元间联用对河水有很好的处理效果,当生化时间为7h、臭氧氧化时间为20 min、生物活性炭吸附时间为20 min时,原水COD_(Mn)、NH_3-N、色度、浊度的去除率分别为84.66%、99.65%、87.50%、96.35%。对于相同类型的微污染废水采用生物滤池-臭氧氧化-生物活性炭联用工艺深度处理是可行的,水中污染物含量有很大降低,出水水质显著提高。     

生物处理工艺生物膜活性与除污染效能相关性研究

对生物砂滤池、臭氧生物活性炭池及立体弹性填料生物接触氧化池中生物膜中磷脂-磷含量进行测定．并探讨生物膜磷脂-磷含量和除污染效能的相关性。结果表明：生物砂滤池、臭氧生物活性炭池CODMn去除效果和生物膜活性即磷脂-磷含量有关，生物膜的活性是提高生物处理工艺除污染效能的关键。     

前后置生物活性炭工艺对有机物的去除效果比较

该文针对闵行水厂前置生物活性炭和后置生物活性炭两条生产线路,通过比较冬、春、夏各季节各工艺段出水有机物综合指标（总有机碳和UV254）变化情况,研究了有机物在臭氧-生物活性炭联用工艺中的去除效果,同时比较活性炭滤池与V型砂滤池相对位置的变化对原水中有机污染物处理效果的影响。     

两种典型滤料厌氧氨氧化效果与工艺运行优化

为促进厌氧氨氧化在城市污水处理中的应用, 针对陶粒和火山岩两种典型滤料滤池的厌氧氨氧化脱氮效果和关键性工艺参数进行了研究。试验结果表明, 接种挂膜启动生物滤池, 10 d可实现稳定的厌氧氨氧化生物膜, 火山岩滤池生物膜量和EPS均高于陶粒。滤料和反冲洗对厌氧氨氧化滤池实现稳定脱氮具有重要影响, 低滤速条件下火山岩和陶粒滤池厌氧氨氧化效果基本相同, 火山岩滤池和陶粒滤池反冲洗周期均较长, 宜采用单独水冲方式;但高滤速条件下火山岩滤池比陶粒滤池更易堵塞, 滤层有效深度小, 反冲洗方式宜采用气水联合反冲方式, 并相应缩短反冲洗周期、延长反冲洗时间。火山岩和陶粒滤池滤速均不宜高于2 m·h^-1, 最高总氮负荷分别可达3.81 kg·m^-3·d^-1和3.56 kg·m^-3·d^-1。     

曝气生物滤池处理含硝态氮废水的研究

将优选后的好氧反硝化菌用于曝气生物滤池处理含硝态氮工业废水,研究了曝气生物滤池挂膜与启动阶段的脱氮效率,并对运行参数进行优化。结果表明,系统启动16 d后,达到稳定阶段,脱氮效率达到92.3%以上,且基本无NO2--N积累,此时可认为挂膜成功;当pH为7、水力负荷低于0.671 m3.m-2.h-1、NO3--N负荷低于1.93 kg.m-3.d-1、气水体积比为8:1时,系统获得最好的脱氮效果,NO3--N的去除率最高达到96.1%,且出水中基本无NO2--N积累。     

Performance evaluation and mathematical modelling of granular activated carbon biofiltration in wastewater treatment

Biological filtration is an effective technique for removing organic matter from wastewater. The performance of a biofilter can be influenced by a range of operational conditions. In this study the performance of biofilters was investigated for the influence of filter media depth, influent concentrations, filtrations rates and backwashing. The results show that performance of GAC filters decreased with shallower filter bed depths. In addition, the GAC performed better at lower influent concentration and lower filtration rates. The daily backwash adopted to avoid the physical clogging of the biofilter did not have any significant effect on the organic removal efficiency of the filter. The concentration, activity and characteristics of the biomass are quantified and described. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the organic removal of the GAC biofiltration system. The performance of the GAC filter under different influent organic concentration levels, filtration rates and filter bed depths was adequately simulated by the mathematical model developed for this study.     

锰质滤膜的成分分析及除锰性能研究

以锰砂为介质进行曝气接触氧化过滤除锰试验,XPS分析表明,在锰砂表面生成的锰质滤膜的主要成分为为MnOOH、Mn3O4和MnO2。人工合成MnOOH单体及MnOOH涂层的氧化铝颗粒(MCA),进行扫描电镜观测和过滤除锰试验。结果表明,MnOOH除锰效果稳定,在初始Mn2+的质量浓度为1.0 mg/L原水条件下,出水残余Mn2+的质量浓度可以稳定在0.05 mg/L以下。系列试验表明,在保证除锰效果的前提下,滤层厚度、滤速对系统运行影响不甚明显,除锰效果随pH至增大而改善。     

Biofiltration of xylene emissions: bioreactor response to variations in the pollutant inlet concentration and gas flow rate

In order to remove xylene vapors from an air stream, an upflow laboratory scale biofilter was operated for a period of 2 months. The experimental study consisted of two different phases: in the first phase, the biofilter was operated at various gas flow rates and the xylene inlet concentration was maintained at 1.39 g m⁻³. In the second phase, various inlet concentrations of the contaminant were tested at a constant gas flow rate of 0.4 m³ h⁻¹ corresponding to an empty bed residence time of 150 s. The biofilter response to steep and abrupt variations in the xylene inlet concentration and gas flow rate was examined. The results obtained revealed that the removal efficiency of the biofilter regained its high values (above 96%) in less than 24 h following the change to low concentrations and gas flow rate. Temperature measurements showed that the biofilter temperature strongly depends on the intensity of the microbial activity in the filter bed. The experimental mass ratio of carbon dioxide produced to the xylene removed was equal to 2.72 indicating that the contaminant was eliminated exclusively by aerobic biodegradation. These findings suggest that a follow up of the amount of carbon dioxide produced in the filter bed can be very helpful in monitoring the performance of the biofilter. For relatively small inlet loads of xylene, the contributions of the different sections of the biofilter to the removal efficiency of the contaminant and the carbon dioxide production were unevenly balanced but became more uniformly distributed for relatively high inlet loads.     

改性石英砂强化火电厂中水回用微污染物处理效果研究

通过对石英砂滤料的改性研究改变原滤料表面物理化学性质,提高滤料吸附能力和截污能力,强化对中水中有机物的去除效率。分别试验了对石英砂进行铝盐和铁盐方法的改性,过对比了静态吸附试验和动态过滤试验改性石英砂和未改性石英砂对微污染水中有机物和浊度的去除效果。结果表明,改性砂对COD和浊度的吸附效果较之未改性前均有明显提高,COD去除率由5%提高到20%～30%,浊度的去除率由37%提高到55%～65%,动态试验与静态试验结果一致,去除率也均有提高;不同金属氧化物的改性砂性能不同。     

The treatment of waste-air containing mixed solvent using a biofilter: 1. Transient behavior of biofilter to treat waste-air containing ethanol

Transient behavior of a biofilter packed with mixed media (of granular activated carbon and compost) inoculated with a pure culture ofPseudomonas putida was observed at the height of each sampling port to treat wasteair containing ethanol. In addition, flooding effects of an excess supply of buffer solution was observed at each sampling port of the biofilter until it recovered the status prior to the flooding. Unlike previous investigations, various process conditions were applied to successive biofilter runs in order to monitor the corresponding unsteady behavior of the biofilter in this work. In early stage of biofilter run the removal efficiency of ethanol maintained almost 100%. However, it began to decrease when inlet load surpassed 100 g/m³/h consistent with maximum elimination capacity. At the end of biofilter-run removal efficiency was decreased and maintained at 40%. The results of this work were compared to those of such biofiltration studies as the work of Christen et al. from the point of view that pure cultures of microorganism were used in both works. Except for the period of flooding effect of the 2nd stage, the inlet load and removal efficiency continued at 105.5 g/m³/h and 95%, respectively, while they were 93.7 g/m³/h and 95%, respectively, according to the result of Christine et al. Removal efficiency remained at 90% for the beginning period of 3 days of the 3rd stage, and it gradually decreased to 60% for remaining 5 days of the stage with an inlet load of 158.26 g/m³/h, which may be interpreted as better than the result of Christine et al. Their result was that the removal efficiency on the inlet load of 154 g/m³/h of ethanol was continued to be 60% for 6 days of a separate biofilter run and decreased to 40% later. Thus, with similar inlet loads of ethanol, removal efficiency of this work was equivalent to or higher than that of Christine et al.     

Biologische Abluftreinigung einer Lackierabluft im Kombinationsverfahren

This study describes an approach to improve an industrial scale biofilter as biological waste air cleaning plant for the treatment of VOC emissions created by dip spin coating of metallic components. The compounds in the waste air with equal ratios are mainly the hydrophilic methoxypropyl acetate and lipophilic xylene isomers. After a pilot‐scale biofilter proved inefficient due to efficiencies lower than 20 %, the proposed solution was a combination of a bioscrubber and a downstream biotrickling filter. The system was stable and maintained a long term removal efficiency of 75 %.     

Mathematical modeling of granular activated carbon (GAC) biofiltration system

In this study, a mathematical model of a fixed bed Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) biofiltration system was developed to predict the organic removal efficiency of the filter. The model consists of bulk transportation, adsorption, utilization, and biodegradation of organics. The variation of the specific surface area due to biofilm growth and the effect of filter backwash were also included in the model. The intrapellet diffusion and the diffusion of substrate in the biofilm were described by linear driving force approximation (LDFA) method. Biodegradation of organics was described by Monod kinetics. Sips adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the initial adsorption equilibrium of the system. The model showed that the organic removal efficiency of the biofilter greatly depends on the parameters related to the biological activities such as the maximum rate of substrate utilization (k_max) and biomass yield (Y) coefficients. Parameters such as suspended cell concentration (X_s) and decay constant (K_d) had little effects on the model simulation results. The filter backwash also had no significant impact on the performance of the biofilter.