汽油机燃用汽油-乙醇混合燃料的试验研究

本文针对摩托车汽油机燃用乙醇的应用研究，在汽油机结构不作变动的前提下，掺烧一定比例的工业乙醇，进行发动机台架试验。在节气门开度分别为25％、50％、75％及100％时，在不同转速和负荷下，对发动机的功率、扭矩、能耗率及排放性能进行了研究，并与原机进行比较。试验结果表明，燃用汽油一乙醇混合燃料可以提高发动机的动力性和经济性，有效改善排放特性。     

汽油机燃用乙醇和含水乙醇与汽油的混合燃料的试验研究

报导了在摩托车汽油机中燃用乙醇-汽油混合燃料的试验结果，并与燃用汽油时的结果进行了对比分析。结果显示，汽油机燃用乙醇和汽油的混合燃料，当纯乙醇或含水5％的工业乙醇在混合燃料的比例为10％的时候，即使发动机的结构不变、燃油系统和点火系统不作任何调整动的时候，发动机的全负荷输出不受影响，发动机的能耗率得到改善、HC和CO排放有所降低，但是NOx排放会有显著的增加。     

乙醇-汽油-水无剂混合燃料的应用研究

本文介绍了乙醇－汽油－水无剂混合燃料在汽油机上应用的试验结果。验证了该燃料不仅节约能源，而且减少了废气排放中的CO，HC污染物，并降低了噪声。经济效益和社会效益明显，为醇类燃料在汽油机中的应用提供了可靠的依据。     

电喷汽油机燃用醇汽油混合燃料的试验研究

研究了多点电喷汽油机燃用醇汽油混合燃料的性能。研究结果表明:在汽油机参数未做任何调整的情况下,醇汽油混合燃料发动机的动力性与汽油机相比有所降低,燃料经济性改善,有效热效率提高。随醇类燃料体积分数的增大,CO排放明显改善,THC排放略有升高,NOx排放的变化不明显。醇汽油混合燃料发动机的醛类排放物明显升高,汽油机的未燃甲醇排放较高,未燃乙醇排放变化不明显。     

木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料生命周期评价

利用生命周期评价理论,对E10、E22、E85和E100等木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料进行了生命周期能源、环境及经济性评价,并提出木薯乙醇一汽油混合燃料推广可行度指标。结果表明：与汽油比较,所有木薯乙醇-汽油混合燃料生命周期的整体能源消耗增加,石油消耗降低;生命周期CO、CO2和HC排放降低;生命周期成本增加,并需要政府补贴政策支持。从平衡能源消耗、环境影响和经济性角度考虑,E10是较合适的推广应用形式。     

DME-LPG混合燃料的试验研究

通过在火花点火式发动机燃用二甲醚混合燃料与汽油的对比试验,评价了二甲醚混合燃料的不同组份在发动机上的应用特性,分析了由二甲醚、液化石油气和甲醇组成的两种配比混合燃料的经济性能、动力性能及怠速时的排放性能。结果表明,发动机燃用二甲醚—液化石油气混合燃料基本达到了燃用汽油的水平。     

车载燃料电池诊断装置的研究

介绍了一种特殊的车载燃料电池诊断装置,该装置包括控制单元、燃料气体供给单元、电力调整单元、冷却单元和电力消耗单元.该装置可以精确地再现车辆行驶期间燃料电池堆的异常情况,便于在修理车间对其进行彻查,及时发现并排除故障.当燃料电池的冷却系统或燃料气体供给系统受到损坏时,利用该诊断装置的冷却单元和燃料气体供给单元也可以对燃料电池堆进行准确的诊断.     

利用城市垃圾生产车用燃料的前景分析

能源和环境问题的日益尖锐,迫使人们开发洁净的可再生能源。同时,由于城市生活水平的提高产生了大量的垃圾,对比现有的垃圾处理方式如堆肥、焚烧、填埋等,利用垃圾生产车用燃料具有相当大的发展潜力。文章简述了用城市垃圾生产制取车用燃料的主要技术手段,分析了城市垃圾生产车用燃料的可行性和发展前景。     

车用燃料生命周期评估

以国际标准化组织的生命周期评价标准为依据,确定了车用燃料生命周期评估的系统边界和评价指标,给出了模型主要的计算公式,并进行了国外车用燃料全生命周期的能源消耗和排放评价。     

The computer-aided analysis for the driving stability of a plug-in fuel cell vehicle using a proton exchange membrane fuel cell

In order to analyze the driving stability of a plug-in fuel cell vehicle (PFCV), a computer-aided simulator for PFCVs has been developed. PFCVs have been introduced around the world to achieve early commercialization of an eco-friendly and highly efficient fuel cell vehicle. The plug-in option, which allows the battery to be recharged from the electricity grid, enables a reduction in size of the fuel cell system (FCS) and an improvement of its durability. As such, the existing limitations of the fuel cell - such as its high cost, poor durability, and the insufficient hydrogen infrastructure – can be overcome. During the design phase of PFCV development, simulation-based driving stability test is necessary to determine the sizes of the electric engine of the FCS and the battery. The developed simulator is very useful for analyzing the driving stability of the PFCV with respect to the capacities of the FCS and battery. The simulation results are in fact very close to those obtained from a real system, since the estimation accuracy of PFCV component models used in this simulator, such as the fuel cell stack, battery, electric vehicle, and the other balance of plants (BOPs), are verified by the experiments, and the simulator uses the newly-proposed power distribution control logic and the pre-confirmed real driving schedule. Using these results, we can study which one will be the best in terms of driving stability.     

Model for developing an eco-driving strategy of a passenger vehicle based on the least fuel consumption

Additional consumption of fuel in an intense traffic condition is inevitable. Excess fuel consumption may be avoided, if an optimal driving strategy is implemented subject to the surrounding condition of a vehicle and existing constraints. Development of an optimal driving strategy has been the subject of eco-driving. A model of optimal driving strategy has been developed and it has been applied for assessment of eco-driving rules. The model may be categorized as an optimal control and the objective function is minimization of fuel consumption in a given route. Vehicle speed and gear ratio are identified as control variables. The effect of working load has been considered according three engine running processes of Idle, part-load and wide open throttle. The model has then been applied to identify the optimal driving strategy of a vehicle in different traffic congestion based on eco-driving rules.     

Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle

As a developing and the most populous country in the world, China faces major challenges in energy supply and environmental protection. It is of great importance to develop clean and alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the basis of researches on DME engine and vehicle at Shanghai Jiaotong University in the last twelve years, fuel injection, combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of DME engine and DME vehicle are introduced in this paper. The results indicate that DME engines can achieve high thermal efficiency and ultra low emissions, and will play a significant role in meeting the energy demand while minimizing environmental impact in China.     

Fuel cell-battery hybrid powered light electric vehicle (golf cart): Influence of fuel cell on the driving performance

A light electric vehicle (golf cart, 5 kW nominal motor power) was integrated with a commercial 1.2 kW PEM fuel cell system, and fuelled by compressed hydrogen (two composite cylinders, 6.8 L/300 bar each). Comparative driving tests in the battery and hybrid (battery + fuel cell) powering modes were performed. The introduction of the fuel cell was shown to result in extending the driving range by 63–110%, when the amount of the stored H₂ fuel varied within 55–100% of the maximum capacity. The operation in the hybrid mode resulted in more stable driving performances, as well as in the increase of the total energy both withdrawn by the vehicle and returned to the vehicle battery during the driving. Statistical analysis of the power patterns taken during the driving in the battery and hybrid-powering modes showed that the latter provided stable operation in a wider power range, including higher frequency and higher average values of the peak power.     

The study on the power management system in a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

This paper presents a model of a hybrid electric vehicle, based on a primary proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and an auxiliary Li-ion battery, and its dynamics and overall performance. The power voltage from the fuel cell is regulated by a DC/DC converter before integrating with the Li-ion battery, which provides energy to the drive motor. The driving force for propelling the wheels comes from a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM); where the power passes through the transmission, shaft, and the differential.     

车用燃料电池空气供给系统的净化与增压

近年来随着燃料电池汽车相关技术的迅速发展,消除空气中的杂质气体(尤其是内燃机汽车排放的各种污染物)对车用燃料电池阴极性能的影响亟待研究解决。文章简要论述了车用燃料电池空气供给系统的净化原理和装置结构,并认为采用废气涡轮增压装置有助于解决空气传输阻力增加的问题。     

How drivers decide whether to get a fuel cell vehicle: An ethnographic decision model

This article develops and tests an ethnographic decision model (EDM) of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (FCV) adoption using interviews with California residents that either actually adopted an FCV or “seriously considered” doing so before deciding against it. We developed an initial model from 25 semi-structured interviews in which respondents self-described their decision-making processes. We iteratively tested and refined the model in a second round of 53 structured interviews. The final model consists of a first stage that assesses FCV adoption feasibility and a second stage that compares FCVs to other vehicle types. The model ultimately correctly predicts 86.8% of cases in the sample. In the first stage, respondents preferred to satisfy their need for a primary refueling station near home but a substantial number were willing to rely on a station near or on the way to work or other destination. Most drivers required a convenient backup station and a means of managing long-distance trips. Vehicle size options eliminated a few respondents. None rejected FCV adoption due to insufficient driving range. In the second stage, nearly all drivers engaged in some kind of cost comparison, though the factors considered varied greatly. Most opted for what they viewed as the less costly option, although a few FCV adopters and non-adopters were willing to pay more for their more preferred option. EDM is a promising qualitative research method for generating insights into how people navigate the decision whether or not to get an alternative-fuel vehicle.