克服灰度不均匀性的脑MR图像分割模型

为了克服脑核磁共振图像中存在的灰度不均匀现象,提出一种有效的脑核磁共振图像分割模型.该模型利用多相位水平集方式来拟合图像的局部灰度,实现多种脑组织的同时分割,并提供光滑且准确的目标边界或曲面.在二维、三维的图像上的比较实验结果表明,该模型是有效的.     

核磁共振图像脑组织自动提取方法

核磁共振图像的脑组织提取是神经图像处理研究中的一个重要步骤。将传统的几何活动轮廓模型与二值水平集函数相结合,提出了一种新型的二值水平集活动轮廓模型,并基于该模型提出了一种能够自动、准确实现MRI脑组织提取的方法。该方法在脑组织内部自动设定最优初始轮廓曲线,将该演化曲线隐含地表示成一个高维函数的零水平集,零水平集在基于区域的图像力驱动下不断演化并达到待分割脑部图像的边缘。将基于该方法的脑组织提取结果与作为金标准的专家手动分割结果和其他流行算法相比较,结果表明提出的脑组织提取方法能够自动、准确和快速地提取MRI脑组织,是一种鲁棒性较好的MRI脑组织提取方法。     

基于边缘竞争模糊水平集的脑部磁共振图像自动分割

针对脑部磁共振(MR)图像分割时容易出现的受噪声影响大和边缘定位模糊问题,提出一种以基于核函数的增强模糊C均值(RFCMK)算法结果为先验知识的边缘竞争水平集自动分割方法。首先采用RFCMK算法对图像进行预分割;然后对预分割后的各子类图像进行阈值化处理,并将其边缘作为水平集演化的初始轮廓;最后采用引入竞争机制的边缘指示器对各部分边缘进行演化。该方法对模拟图像不同层切面的分割实验表明,基于面积和基于边缘的评估统计值范围分别为[0.91,0.95]和[0.05,0.22]。对噪声图像的实验结果表明该方法能够有效地抑制噪声对分割结果的影响。     

MR心脏序列图像左心室内外壁联合分割和时序追踪新方法

MR心脏图像左心室内外壁的自动分割是计算机辅助心功能诊断的前提。本文提出了一种MR心脏图像的左心室内外壁的联合分割和时序追踪的新方法。首先用改进几何动态轮廓线算法分割一帧3维MR图像中的左心室内壁,然后通过时序追踪得到同一层面各帧的内壁轮廓。分割外壁时,以内壁为初始轮廓,设计一种由距离和区域灰度均值约束的区域膨胀力,分割心室的外壁。在临床实际心电门控动态4D心脏MRI序列图像上的实验结果表明,算法分割左心室的内外壁的结果和专家手动分割结果很接近;并且根据心室内外壁分割结果建立的左心室3维模型,可以计算出几种重要的临床心功能指标。     

一种基于曲线进化的医学图像解剖轮廓提取算法的研究

水平集方法应用于跟踪界面演化问题,是一种稳定有效的数值计算方法。图象小波变换模极大值对图象中目标轮廓边缘有很好的表征。论文应用水平集方法基于曲线进化提出了一种新的医学图像解剖轮廓分割算法,定义了一种基于小波变换模极大值的用于终止进化的函数,构造了一种基于领域的进化方式,并对脊柱MRI图象进行了分割实验,得到了令人鼓舞的结果。实验表明了该种算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于改进BET算法的MR颅脑图像脑组织自动提取

为稳定地自动从MR颅脑图像中提取脑组织,在经典的BET算法(brain extraction tool)的基础上提出了一种改进算法.该算法简化了BET中用来保持曲线光滑的平滑力,改进了BET中将曲线演化到脑组织边界的扩张力,引入了图像梯度的作用使曲线在脑组织内部演化快,在脑组织边界演化慢从而得到更好的结果.改进算法对100个临床病例的真实MR图像进行处理都得到理想的结果,相比之下BET算法有8例不成功.可见改进算法在处理真实MR图像时比经典BET算法更为稳定.     

Automatic construction of 2D shape models

A procedure for automated 2D shape model design is presented. The system is given a set of training example shapes defined by contour point coordinates. The shapes are automatically aligned using Procrustes analysis and clustered to obtain cluster prototypes (typical objects) and statistical information about intracluster shape variation. One difference from previous methods is that the training set is first automatically clustered and shapes considered to be outliers are discarded. In this way, cluster prototypes are not distorted by outliers. A second difference is in the manner in which registered sets of points are extracted from each shape contour. We propose a flexible point matching technique that takes into account both pose/scale differences and nonlinear shape differences. The matching method is independent of the objects' initial relative position/scale and does not require any manually tuned parameters. Our shape model design method was used to learn 11 different shapes from contours that were manually traced in MR brain images. The resulting model was then employed to segment several MR brain images that were not included in the shape-training set. A quantitative analysis of our shape registration approach, within the main cluster of each structure, demonstrated results that compare very well to those achieved by manual registration; achieving an average registration error of about 1 pixel. Our approach can serve as a fully automated substitute to the tedious and time-consuming manual 2D shape registration and analysis     

Fast deformable matching of 3D images over multiscale nested subspaces. Application to atlas-based MRI segmentation

This paper presents a fast method to perform dense deformable matching of 3D images, applied to the registration of inter-subject brain MR images. To recover the complex morphological variations in neuroanatomy, the registration method uses a hierarchy of 3D deformations fields that are estimated, by minimizing a global energy function over a sequence of nested subspaces. The resulting deformable matching method shows low sensitivity to local minima and is able to track large non-linear deformations, with moderate computational load. The performances of the approach are assessed both on simulated 3D transformations and on a real data base of 3D brain MR images from different individuals. An application of the deformable image matching method to 3D atlas-based image segmentation is presented. This atlas-based segmentation is used at Strasbourg Hospital, in daily clinical applications, in order to extract regions of interest from 3D MR images of patients suffering from epilepsy.     

基于改进的level set嘴唇轮廓定位方法

根据嘴唇的几何分布特性,提出一种基于多方向的水平集方法（Multi-Level set）来进行嘴唇轮廓的定位。Multi-Level set方法通过对嘴唇图像多个方向的滤波得到新的边缘检测函数来增强嘴唇轮廓的梯度信息,然后利用能量函数最小化来使初始曲线向嘴唇轮廓靠近,达到说话人嘴唇轮廓的精确定位。实验证明用Multi-Level set方法定位嘴唇轮廓的准确率比level set提高了7.32%。     

A novel active contour model for image segmentation using distance regularization term

In this paper, a novel active contour model (R-DRLSE model) based on level set method is proposed for image segmentation. The R-DRLSE model is a variational level set approach that utilizes the region information to find image contours by minimizing the presented energy functional. To avoid the time-consuming re-initialization step, the distance regularization term is used to penalize the deviation of the level set function from a signed distance function. The numerical implementation scheme of the model can significantly reduce the iteration number and computation time. The results of experiments performed on some synthetic and real images show that the R-DRLSE model is effective and efficient. In particular, our method has been applied to MR kidney image segmentation with desirable results.     

脑MR图像互信息最大的凸优化分割模型

脑MR图像中普遍存在灰度不均匀性,传统的分割方法无法得到理想的脑组织分割结果.为此提出一种基于互信息最大化准则的变分水平集凸优化分割模型.首先建立最大化图像灰度与标记之间互信息能量的分割模型,并融入偏移场信息;对模型进行水平集表示和凸优化后,再引入边缘指示函数加权的总变差范数;最后采用SplitBregman方法快速求解.实验结果表明,该模型可以得到较准确的脑组织分割和偏移场矫正结果,对噪声和灰度不均匀性有很好的鲁棒性.     

一种新的心脏磁共振图像分割方法

心脏磁共振图像的分割是心脏功能辅助诊断和分析的基础,而左心室轮廓的提取则是正确分割心脏磁共振图像的关键。提出了一种提取心脏磁共振图像中左心室轮廓的方法。该方法首先采用一种自适应边缘保持平滑算法对心脏磁共振图像作平滑处理,接着采用K均值聚类算法对心脏磁共振图像作聚类分析,然后采用基于变分水平集方法的几何主动轮廓线模型提取左心室轮廓。实验表明,该方法能够克服心脏磁共振图像中的噪声和心脏周边组织的影响,而且具有较好的准确性和鲁棒性。     

稀疏形状先验的脑肿瘤图像分割

目的 在脑部肿瘤图像的分析过程中,准确分割出肿瘤区域对于计算机辅助脑部肿瘤疾病的诊断及治疗过程具有重要意义。然而,由于脑部图像常存在结构复杂、边界模糊、灰度不均以及肿瘤内部存在明暗区域的问题,使得肿瘤图像分割工作面临严峻挑战。为了克服上述困难,更好地实现脑部肿瘤图像分割,提出一种基于稀疏形状先验的脑肿瘤图像分割算法。方法 首先,研究脑部肿瘤图像的配准与形状描述,并以此为基础构建脑部肿瘤的稀疏形状先验约束模型;继而,将该稀疏形状先验约束模型与区域能量描述方法相结合,构建基于稀疏形状先验的能量函数;最后,对能量函数进行优化及迭代,输出脑部肿瘤区域分割结果。结果 本文使用脑胶质瘤公开数据集BraTS2017进行算法测试,本文算法的分割结果与真实数据之间的平均相似度达到93.97%,灵敏度达到91.3%,阳性预测率达到95.9%。本文算法的实验准确度较高,误判率较低,鲁棒性较强。结论 本文算法能够结合水平集方法在拓扑结构描述和稀疏表达方法在复杂形状表达方面的优势,同时由于加入了形状约束,能够有效削弱肿瘤内部明暗区域对分割结果造成的影响,从而更准确和稳定地实现脑部肿瘤图像分割。     

Cue-Based Segmentation of 4D Cardiac Image Sequences

Medical imaging scanners now exist that can generate 4D cardiac images. Since the heart moves, cardiac anatomy and physiology can be studied using 4D image sequences. Interactive manual 4D image analysis can be time-consuming and error-prone—automatic and semi-automatic methods have many advantages over manual segmentation. This paper describes a procedure for performing semi-automatic image segmentation on 4D image sequences. Our procedure is based on a small set of user-defined image-segmentation cues specified at certain time points in the sequence. These cues are then automatically interpolated or extrapolated for the remaining time points. The complete set of cues is interpreted and used to generate a sequence of image processing operations (such as operators for image enhancement, morphological processing, and region segmentation) that can subsequently segment the 4D image. This procedure permits 4D cardiac image segmentation with only a small amount of user interaction. The proposed approach compares favorably to results generated by defining cues on each individual volume and to results generated completely manually. The 4D approach also requires significantly less interaction time than pure manual analysis.     

Multimodal image registration system for image-guided orthopaedic surgery

We present a novel multimodality image registration system for spinal surgery. The system comprises a surface-based algorithm that performs computed tomography/magnetic resonance (CT/MR) rigid registration and MR image segmentation in an iterative manner. The segmentation/registration process progressively refines the result of MR image segmentation and CT/MR registration. For MR image segmentation, we propose a method based on the double-front level set that avoids boundary leakages, prevents interference from other objects in the image, and reduces computational time by constraining the search space. In order to reduce the registration error from the misclassification of the soft tissue surrounding the bone in MR images, we propose a weighted surface-based CT/MR registration scheme. The resultant weighted surface is registered to the segmented surface of the CT image. Contours are generated from the reconstructed CT surfaces for subsequent MR image segmentation. This process iterates till convergence. The registration method achieves accuracy comparable to conventional techniques while being significantly faster. Experimental results demonstrate the advantages of the proposed approach and its application to different anatomies.     

Radial basis function based level set interpolation and evolution for deformable modelling

We present a study in level set representation and evolution using radial basis functions (RBFs) for active contour and active surface models. It builds on recent works by others who introduced RBFs into level sets for structural topology optimisation. Here, we introduce the concept into deformable models and present a new level set formulation able to handle more complex topological changes, in particular perturbation away from the evolving front. In the conventional level set technique, the initial active contour/surface is implicitly represented by a signed distance function and periodically re-initialised to maintain numerical stability. We interpolate the initial distance function using RBFs on a much coarser grid, which provides great potential in modelling in high dimensional space. Its deformation is considered as an updating of the RBF interpolants, an ordinary differential equation (ODE) problem, instead of a partial differential equation (PDE) problem, and hence it becomes much easier to solve. Re-initialisation is found no longer necessary, in contrast to conventional finite difference method (FDM) based level set approaches. The proposed level set updating scheme is efficient and does not suffer from self-flattening while evolving, hence it avoids large numerical errors. Further, more complex topological changes are readily achievable and the initial contour or surface can be placed arbitrarily in the image. These properties are extensively demonstrated on both synthetic and real 2D and 3D data. We also present a novel active contour model, implemented with this level set scheme, based on multiscale learning and fusion of image primitives from vector-valued data, e.g. colour images, without channel separation or decomposition.     

带标记线左心室MR图像的自动分割

带标记线核磁共振(MR)图像能够提供了大量的运动信息，为实现左心室的运动重建提供了有利条件，但图像中存在灰度的不一致性、弱边界、伪影、标记线的影响等现象，这些都给带标记线左心室MR图像的分割带来了困难。目前带标记线核磁共振图像的左心室分割主要靠人工完成，为此提出了一种自动分割方法，它是基于分级处理的分割方法，主要由3部分组成：首先用数学形态学的方法实现左心室的自动定位；然后用K均值聚类、模板匹配和基于骨架的心肌形状恢复方法给出左心室的内外初始轮廓线；最后用改进的水平集方法对初始轮廓线进行演化而得到最终结果。实验结果证明，此方法有较强的鲁棒性，是行之有效的方法。     

结合纹理与形状的Tagged MR图像左心室分割算法

分割带标记线核磁共振(tagged MR)图像是左心室运动重建的前提.由于标记线的加载破坏了左心室的轮廓边缘和区域灰度一致性,再加上乳突肌的存在,使带标记线核磁共振图像的左心室内外轮廓分割变得相当困难.在变分框架下,将纹理分类信息与形状统计先验知识引入Mumford-Shah模型中,提出了一种改进的分割带标记线核磁共振图像的左心室内外轮廓的方法.该方法基于支持向量机对S滤波器组提取的纹理特征的分类结果,构造了一种新的图像能量表示;针对乳突肌及边缘断裂现象,引入形状统计先验信息来约束曲线的演化.因为分割过程利用了有监督学习策略,较好地克服了标记线对左心室区域灰度的影响,提高了分割精度.实验结果表明,该方法较以往方法具有更高的分割精度和更好的稳定性.     

Medical image segmentation based on cellular neural network

The application of cellular neural network (CNN) has made great progress in image processing. When the selected objects extraction (SOE) CNN is applied to gray scale images, its effects depend on the choice of initial points. In this paper, we take medical images as an example to analyze this limitation. Then an improved algorithm is proposed in which we can segment any gray level objects regardless of the limitation stated above. We also use the gradient information and contour detection CNN to determine the contour and ensure the veracity of segmentation effectively. Finally, we apply the improved algorithm to tumor segmentation of the human brain MR image. The experimental results show that the algorithm is practical and effective.     

基于局部区域拟合模型的磁共振图像分割与偏移估计算法

磁共振(MR)图像的灰度通常是不均匀的,这种不均匀性是由于成像设备的缺陷导致产生了一种光滑的偏移场.一般的基于灰度统计特性的分割算法都是假设目标区域和背景区域图像的灰度分别是一致的,因此该类算法不能很好地应用于磁共振图像的分割.提出一种基于局部拟合模型的磁共振图像分割与偏移估计算法:利用图像的局部区域的灰度特性建立恢复...