桂林优质梨的气象灾害分析及其防御对策

针对优质梨在桂林种植中可能会遭受低温冻害、暴雨洪涝、高温干旱、冰雹大风、返花返青等气象灾害,利用桂林气候基准站的地面气象观测资料,统计分析了灾害性天气的气候特征及其对优质梨生产的影响,同时提出了相应的防御措施,避免或减轻气象灾害可能带来的影响或损失,以提升生产管理水平、提高果实产量、改善果实品质.     

济南市近50年雷暴气候特征分析

利用1960～2009年济南6测站雷暴观测资料,从雷暴日数年月分布和雷暴初终日变化趋势及初终日的绝对变率、相对变率等方面进行了分析,深入了解济南市雷暴发生的气候规律以及演变趋势.从年际变化来看,济南市雷暴日数整体呈减少趋势,济南站年平均雷暴日数在均值附近波动,其余各站年平均雷暴日数线性倾向率为-2.5～-3.9 d/10 a.雷暴只发生在3～11月,6～8月是雷暴多发期,7月雷暴最多,8月次之.中部山前平原较北部冲击平原和南部丘陵山区雷暴初日出现偏早,而雷暴终日结束偏晚,初终间日数延长;南部丘陵雷暴初日、终日均较平原区稳定.     

区域暴雨指标与作物洪涝受灾率的关系

利用北京地区1985～2008年逐日降水数据资料,运用IPCC极端天气气候事件指标确定方法计算得到北京地区暴雨天气指标在10.4～38.8mm波动,暴雨气候指标为日降水量≥27.5mm.以暴雨天气指标、暴雨气候指标和国家暴雨标准计算历年的暴雨日数和暴雨量,统计分析年降雨日数、暴雨日数和年降水量和暴雨量与作物洪涝受灾率的相关关系,得出年降雨日数和暴雨日数都不能真实地反映作物洪涝受灾率,而年降水量和暴雨量与作物洪涝受灾率则具有明显的线性正相关关系.以区域暴雨气候指标统计的暴雨量与作物洪涝受灾率相关程度最高,建议以暴雨量来预测评估洪涝灾害时,采用区城暴雨气候指标.     

1960～2007年福建省雷暴气候特征分析

[目的]研究福建省雷暴活动特点和气候规律.[方法]利用1960～2007年福建省67个气象站的逐日雷暴资料,采用气候倾向率、趋势系数等方法,分析了福建省雷暴的时空分布特征.[结果]1960～2007年福建省的雷暴日数分布呈东北-西南走向,并从沿海向内陆逐渐递增.高值区在龙岩地区,沿海岛屿最少.48年福建省雷暴日数有明显减少的趋势,中部沿海地区减少速率为3.5 d/lOa,内陆山区大部分为4.5 d/10a,宁德北部、三明东部及南平部分地区为5.5 d/1Oa.雷暴日趋势系数变化有明显的区域特征,特别是内陆山区比沿海减少的趋势更加明显;减少最多的地方是南平地区的北部,趋势系数达-0.65;而中部沿海地区减少趋势不太明显,系数仅为-0.15a雷暴日有明显的季节变化,3～9月是雷暴的多发期,8月达最高值,9月开始迅速减少,从10月开始一直到次年2月都较少雷暴发生.平均初雷日西北部地区早于东南部地区,平均终雷日北部地区和南部地区差异不大.由于福建省北部和西部地区初雷日出现早,终雷日出现晚,造成全年雷暴活动时间比沿海长,两者相差近一个月:[结论]该研究为重大工程项目的气候可行性论证提供科学依据,为防雷减灾提供天气气候方面的理论依据,也对进一步研究福建雷暴的形成机理奠定基础.     

漳州市30年暴雨时空分布特征与影响条件分析

利用漳州市1971～2000年30年地面降水观测资料,对漳州市暴雨的时空分布及其影响系统进行分析.结果表明,暴雨月时间分布呈现年头年尾少、年中多趋势,6～8月为暴雨高峰期;年平均暴雨日数和汛期3～10月暴雨日数地理分布呈现西南偏多、南北偏少特征;冬季暴雨日数分布呈现由南自北逐渐减少特征;暴雨落区与漳州地形特征紧密相关;暴雨主要在南支槽、西南急流、热带气旋影响的天气条件下发生.     

高要市暴雨天气气候特征分析及其对农业生产的影响

通过对高要站1954～2008年日雨量资料进行分析,得出高要市暴雨的气候特征,归纳出影响高要暴雨的10种天气形势类型,并通过2个典型个例阐述了暴雨对高要市农业生产的影响.     

河西走廊东部近50年高、低温气候特征分析

[目的]分析河西走廊东部近50年高、低温气候特征.[方法]利用河西走廊东部5个气象站 1960～2009 年高(日最高气温≥35℃)、低温(日最低气温≤-20℃)资料,运用统计学方法详细分析了高、低气温的时空分布、强度、持续性和环流形势等气候特征.[结果]河西走廊东部高温天气主要发生在东北部沙漠边缘;低温天气主要发生在海拔较高的山区和北部沙漠边缘.随着气候变暖,高温日数呈弱增加趋势,强度增强;低温日数呈明显减少趋势,强度减弱.高温天气主要出现在7、8月;低温主要出现在1、2、12月.高、低温天气具有持续性特征,强高、低温大多出现在高、低温持续时段内.高温天气出现在副热带高压控制及影响的区域内;低温天气出现在强冷空气堆积和入侵的区域内.[结论]该研究为高、低温的准确预报和预警提供了一定的理论基础.     

一次寒潮大风沙尘天气预报得失技术分析

从技术角度较全面分析了2010年3月19～20日出现在宁夏固原市一次无降水寒湖大风沙尘天气过程的预报得失情况.结果表明,该寒潮大风沙尘天气是北方小冷槽高速东移南压发展、地面冷锋和冷高压高速移动过境所致,数值预报对500 hPa槽线和地面强气压梯度锋区预报准确,对降温幅度预报基本准确;WRF地面大风区预报较准确.但各类数值预报在温度、湿度、风等要素预报上的误差影响预报判断.特殊的地形温度差异、潮前高温以及锋后干照天气对精确预报有很大影响.     

中国1951～2000年特大暴雨气候特征

对1951～2000年我国特大暴雨时空分布进行分析.结果表明,20世纪80年代以来,四川特大暴雨次教显著增加,90年代河北特大暴雨次数显著增加.特大暴雨发生时间主要集中在5～8月份,70年代特大暴雨发展到4～9月份,90年代10月份有特大暴雨发生.特大暴雨50年代出现年份最多的地点是辽宁、湖北,60年代是江西,70年代是山东,80年代是四川,90年代是河北.     

干侵入在皖北暴雨天气过程中的特征分析

通过对2005年8月1～3日发生在淮北地区的大暴雨天气过程的分析,探讨此次暴雨天气形成过程中干侵入的主要特征.结果表明,在此次暴雨过程中以相对湿度≤60%,位涡值0.5～0.8 PVU作为干冷空气入侵暖湿气流的特征值;在此次暴雨过程中,高纬度对流层顶附近的高位涡空气具有沿着等位温线密集区下滑的特征,且此次过程还具有层结不稳定结构;CAPE与暴雨中心相对应,CAPE的变化反映了暴雨天气过程的演变.干侵入是此次暴雨天气发生的催化剂,应在天气预报中引起足够的重视.     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Botulism in Poland in 1996

A model is presented in which ion translocation through the F0 part of the ATP synthase drives the rotation of the ring of c subunits (rotor) versus the a subunit (stator). The coupling ion binding sites on the rotor are accessible from the cytoplasm of a bacterial cell except for the c subunit at the interface to the stator. Here, the binding site is accessible from the periplasm through a channel formed by subunit a. In the ATP synthesis mode, a coupling ion is anticipated to pass through the stator channel into the binding site of the adjacent rotor subunit, following the electrical potential. Occupation of this site triggers, probably by electrostatic forces, the rotation of the ring. This makes the binding site accessible to the cytoplasm, where the coupling ion dissociates. Simultaneously, this rotation moves again an empty rotor subunit into the contact site with the stator, where its binding site becomes loaded and rotation continues.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.