CuCo2Be表面热喷涂制备Cr3C2-NiCr涂层的微观结构及高温摩擦磨损行为

选用等离子喷涂技术在CuCo2Be合金表面制备了Cr3C2-NiCr/NiAl复合涂层。以Al2O3陶瓷球为对偶材料运用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机对基体和复合涂层进行高温摩擦磨损试验,并选用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、XRD等分析测试手段,详细研究了CuCo2Be合金表面等离子喷涂涂层物相组成、微观形貌及涂层和基体的高温滑动摩擦磨损行为,结果表明:CuCo2Be合金表面等离子喷涂获得的复合涂层致密,涂层为层状结构,物相组成呈现非晶态。通过高温摩擦磨损研究,结果表明:500℃摩擦磨损磨损过程中,涂层及CuCo2Be合金基体的磨损机制为:疲劳磨损和粘着磨损及少量氧化磨损的共同作用,从磨损的体积形貌来看涂层磨损量明显小于未喷涂之前的基体材料,等离子喷涂工艺制备的Cr3C2-NiCr/NiAl涂层质量优异,提高了材料的高温耐磨性。     

CuCo_2Be合金表面等离子喷涂Cr_3C_2-NiCr/NiAl复合涂层不同温度下的摩擦磨损特性

选用等离子喷涂技术在CuCo_2Be合金表面制备了Cr_3C_2-NiCr/NiAl复合涂层。以Al_2O_3陶瓷球为对偶材料使用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机对基体和复合涂层进行不同温度下的摩擦磨损试验,并选用三维轮廓仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪、XRD等分析测试手段详细研究了CuCo_2Be合金及涂层在不同温度下滑动摩擦磨损后的微观形貌以及摩擦磨损特性。结果表明:等离子喷涂获得的复合涂层致密,涂层为层状结构,物相组成呈非晶态。500℃时涂层磨损体积远远小于铜合金磨损体积,具有优良的抗摩擦耐磨损性能;在室温时涂层磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,磨损较小;随着温度的升高,涂层磨损机制以氧化磨损和粘着磨损为主。     

温度对铜表面喷涂层冷热疲劳性的影响及失效机理

文中用等离子喷涂在CuCo2Be表面制备了Cr3C2-NiCr涂层,并分别在500,550,600,650℃进行热震试验,研究温度对其疲劳寿命的影响;选用XRD,SEM,EDS等研究了涂层及化合物相的形成、不同温度热震后涂层内、外表面的微观形貌、氧化产物等.结果表明,涂层呈现层状,化合物为角状Cr3C2-NiCr,涂层与界面的结合以机械结合为主;XRD分析发现涂层中形成了一定非晶相,热震后涂层中存在铜、镍氧化物.分析其热震失效机制为:500℃时主要是热膨胀系数突变引起的应力与氧化共同作用;随热震温度升高,涂层与基体结合处应力增大,涂层失效机制逐步转变为应力主导失效.     

等离子喷涂纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层的分析与摩擦学性能

摩擦磨损是造成零部件失效的重要原因,而摩擦磨损过程主要发生在固体的表面,等离子喷涂纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层能够有效地减少摩擦面的磨擦和磨损.本研究利用自制的纳米尺寸的硫化亚铁颗粒作为等离子喷涂的喂料,在钢基体表面制成了纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层.等离子喷涂制得的涂层成分以硫化亚铁为主,经过XRD分析结果的计算,涂层是纳米结构的硫化亚铁颗粒构成的.用等离子喷涂纳米硫化亚铁自润滑涂层进行摩擦磨损试验,结果表明该涂层具有明显优于热处理后GCr15钢的摩擦磨损性能,相同试验条件下摩擦系数降低了1/3～1/2,磨损体积减小50%～70%,而且在真空条件下的摩擦磨损性能比在大气压下还要好,摩擦系数降低1/3,磨损量降低了70%.     

等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr_3C_2涂层高温摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了等离子喷涂NiCr-Cr3C2涂层的高温磨损性能,与配对摩擦副相比,涂层在滑动摩擦440 m(6000个周期)之后,磨损深度和磨损体积很小,涂层在高温条件下具有优异的抗磨损性能,能够满足高温条件下的磨损要求。涂层的磨损机制主要为开始以氧化磨损为主,逐步过渡到以磨粒磨损和黏着磨损为主。经过上车试验证明NiCr-Cr3C2涂层可以应用于内燃机的气缸套。     

纳米Al2O3-40％TlO2复相陶瓷颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层的摩擦学性能

运用等离子喷涂技术在7005铝合金表面制备Al2O3-40%TiO2纳米结构颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层,分析其微观结构,研究其在不同载荷和速度条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：复合涂层主要由γ-Ni、α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和金红石型-TiO2等相组成,其摩擦因数和磨损失重较镍基合金涂层显著降低。在轻载3 N 时,复合涂层磨损表面的接触应力较低,主要发生微观切削磨损;当载荷上升至6~12 N时,接触应力高于磨损表面的弹性极限应力,复合涂层的磨损机理变为多次塑变磨损、微观脆性断裂磨损和磨粒磨损。随着速度的增大,磨损表面的接触温度逐渐升高,复合涂层以多次塑变磨损、疲劳磨损和粘着磨损为主。     

纳米Al2O3-40%TiO2复相陶瓷颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层的摩擦学性能

运用等离子喷涂技术在7005铝合金表面制备Al2O3?40%TiO2纳米结构颗粒增强镍基合金复合涂层,分析其微观结构,研究其在不同载荷和速度条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：复合涂层主要由γ-Ni、α-Al2O3、γ-Al2O3和金红石型-TiO2等相组成,其摩擦因数和磨损失重较镍基合金涂层显著降低。在轻载3 N 时,复合涂层磨损表面的接触应力较低,主要发生微观切削磨损;当载荷上升至6~12 N时,接触应力高于磨损表面的弹性极限应力,复合涂层的磨损机理变为多次塑变磨损、微观脆性断裂磨损和磨粒磨损。随着速度的增大,磨损表面的接触温度逐渐升高,复合涂层以多次塑变磨损、疲劳磨损和粘着磨损为主。     

超音速等离子喷涂NiCrCr3C2/Mo复合涂层的高温摩擦磨损性能*

采用超音速等离子喷涂制备了NiCr-Cr3C2/Mo复合涂层,借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计、高温摩擦磨损试验机等手段,研究了涂层的微观组织、显微硬度及涂层在25、300、500、750℃下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:制备的NiCr-Cr3C2/Mo复合涂层Mo相分布均匀,组织致密、硬度高;温度对涂层的摩擦因数影响显著,随温度的升高,摩擦因数呈先下降后上升再下降的趋势,750℃时因摩擦界面生成MoO3减摩相使摩擦因数最低;NiCr-Cr3C2/Mo复合涂层在高温下以氧化疲劳剥落为主要失效机制,涂层表面复合氧化膜的形成特点将直接影响涂层的摩擦磨损性能,MoO3的形成是显著提高涂层减摩效果的主要因素。     

等离子喷涂 NiCr / Cr3 C2 -hBN 复合涂层的制备及摩擦性能研究

目的加入h BN作为固体润滑剂,提高Ni Cr/Cr3C2复合涂层的摩擦性能。方法采用化工冶金包覆、喷雾造粒和固相合金化技术制备Ni Cr/Cr3C2-10%h BN复合粉体,再采用等离子喷涂技术制备复合涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和高温摩擦磨损试验等手段研究粉体和涂层的显微结构、物相组成以及室温至800℃的摩擦磨损性能,探讨Ni Cr/Cr3C2-10%h BN复合涂层在室温和400,800℃下的磨损机理。结果等离子喷涂Ni Cr/Cr3C2-10%h BN复合涂层呈典型的层状结构,涂层结合强度可达24 MPa,孔隙率为(8.47±0.5)%。涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率均随着温度的升高而先升高,后逐渐降低,400℃时最高,分别约为0.59和9.2×10-4mm3/(N·m),800℃时分别降至0.45和4.1×10-4mm3/(N·m)。高温下,h BN润滑膜和金属氧化物的形成是摩擦系数和磨损率降低的主要原因。室温下涂层的主要磨损机制是脆性断裂;400℃时,涂层的主要磨损机制是脆性断裂、塑形变形和轻微粘着磨损;800℃时,涂层的主要磨损机制是塑性变形、氧化、粘着磨损和涂层转移至对偶件。结论等离子喷涂Ni Cr/Cr3C2-10%h BN复合涂层在室温和高温下的润滑性能较好。     

等离子喷涂AT13/MoS_2复合涂层的摩擦学性能

采用等离子喷涂技术在45钢基体表面上制备了4种不同MoS2含量(0%,3%,6%,9%)的AT13/MoS2复合涂层,研究了不同MoS2含量的AT13/MoS2复合涂层的磨损表面形貌和涂层的摩擦学性能。结果表明,随着MoS2含量的增加,复合涂层的摩擦因数逐渐降低,但当MoS2含量为6%时,复合涂层的体积磨损量最低,涂层的综合性能最好;AT13涂层的磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损,随着MoS2含量的增加,复合涂层的磨损机理由疲劳磨损和摩擦磨损向磨粒磨损转变。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.