8367、904L和316L奥氏体不锈钢的耐点蚀性能研究

为了研究8367、904L和316L奥氏体不锈钢在不同环境下的的耐点蚀性能,采用电化学试验和浸泡腐蚀试验,从点蚀当量、临界点蚀温度、点蚀电位和腐蚀速率等方面进行了分析。结果表明：8367、904L和316L不锈钢在3.5%NaCl溶液中的临界点蚀温度分别为66,50,15℃;随着介质温度的升高,8367的临界点蚀点位无明显变化,904L和316L的临界点蚀点位则逐渐降低,且E_b（8367）>E_b（904L）>E_b（316L）;8367不锈钢在20℃和50℃的4%FeCl₃溶液中均具有较低的腐蚀速率,且随着温度升高,腐蚀速率无明显变化;904L和316L在20℃和50℃的4%FeCl₃溶液中的腐蚀速率均大于8367,且随着温度升高,904L和316L的腐蚀速率大幅度增大。     

316L不锈钢在氯离子环境中的腐蚀行为

为了研究316L不锈钢在含Cl-环境中的腐蚀行为,采用浸泡和电化学相结合的方法,研究了其在不同Cl-浓度溶液中不同浸泡时间的腐蚀行为,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了腐蚀形貌.结果表明:316L不锈钢在含Cl-环境中的点蚀程度与Cl-浓度密切相关,随着Cl-浓度的增加,点蚀程度先增大后减弱,当Cl-浓度为3％时,点蚀最严重,当Cl-浓度超过3％时,点蚀减缓;316L不锈钢在NaCl溶液中钝化膜的形成是缓慢的,膜结构具有不完整性,为点蚀的孕育、萌生提供了结构条件,而点蚀一旦形成,在自催化作用下继续发展;316L不锈钢在含Cl-体系中的腐蚀行为是Cl-浓度与溶解氧含量两因素共同作用的结果,溶液中Cl-含量的增加一方面为加速腐蚀提供了物质条件,促进腐蚀;另一方面减少了介质中溶解氧的含量,抑制了腐蚀,两者的综合作用使腐蚀得以控制.     

S32750超级双相不锈钢在低温模拟海水中的腐蚀行为

为了考察S32750超级双相不锈钢(SDSS)在低温海水中的腐蚀性能,通过浸泡试验、动电位极化和电化学阻抗等方法,研究了S32750 SDSS和316L不锈钢(316L SS)在5℃的模拟海水(质量分数为3.5%Na Cl)中的腐蚀行为,采用Mott-Schottky曲线对低温下钝化膜的半导体性质进行了分析,并通过金相显微镜观察了两者腐蚀后的表面形貌。结果表明:在低温海水中,S32750 SDSS比316L SS表现出了更低的腐蚀速率,且S32750 SDSS表面腐蚀凹坑的数量较少;2种不锈钢均能形成稳定的钝化膜,且S32750 SDSS比316L SS展现出更大的钝化区间以及更高的点蚀电位、钝化膜电阻和电荷转移电阻,这主要与S32750 SDSS表面钝化膜更加致密、缺陷数量更少等因素有关。     

Cl~-和H_2S对不锈钢电化学行为的协同影响

目前,对Cl~-和H_2S共存条件下不锈钢的腐蚀尤其是点蚀行为鲜有研究。采用动电位扫描和交流阻抗测试研究了304,316L和2205 3种不锈钢在含有不同浓度Cl~-和H_2S的溶液中的电化学行为。结果表明:在含有1 200 mg/L Cl~-的溶液中,随H_2S浓度增大,304和316L的点蚀敏感性均增大,但此条件下的H_2S浓度并未对2205双相不锈钢产生影响。当Cl~-浓度增大到1 500 mg/L时,2205产生了点蚀现象,说明虽然H_2S促进了不锈钢点蚀的发生,但Cl~-是诱导不锈钢产生点蚀的关键因素。     

等离子体钝化316L不锈钢抗点蚀性能研究

本文运用冷弧空气等离子体射流技术处理316L不锈钢表面,分别采用俄歇能谱、阳极极化和FeCl3加速腐蚀实验等研究316L不锈钢表面所形成钝化膜的成分、结构和抗点蚀性能。研究表明:316L不锈钢表面经空气等离子体射流氧化处理后,点蚀电位和开路电位与未经处理的样品相比提高400mV;点蚀坑的数量、直径和深度明显降低;316L不锈钢表面钝化膜的厚度大幅提高,从而提高基体的耐点蚀能力。     

316L不锈钢在不同电导率海水和NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为

采用线性极化电阻、塔菲尔曲线法和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)技术研究了316L不锈钢(316LSS)在不同电导率海水和NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,316LSS在两种腐蚀介质中的极化电阻(Rp)、自腐蚀电位(Ecorr)和点蚀电位(Eb100)均随电导率的升高而降低。同时EIS显示电导率对电荷转移电阻(R1)影响不大,而对膜电阻(R2)影响较大,说明随电导率的变化,腐蚀介质中侵蚀离子主要影响316LSS的钝化膜的稳定性。316LSS在NaCl溶液中的R2、Ecorr、Eb100值比在相同电导率海水中分别最大减少了6.5×105Ω.cm2、54mV和143mV,说明在电导率相同时,316LSS更易在NaCl溶液中发生腐蚀。因此,在海水源热泵系统应用研究中,应该尽量采用实际海水作为腐蚀介质。     

铸造双相不锈钢点腐蚀行为研究

采用化学浸泡腐蚀试验及微观组织和化学成分分析研究了5种铸造双相不锈钢在6%Fe Cl3溶液中的点腐蚀行为,并与316L奥氏体不锈钢进行了对比。结果表明,铸造双相不锈钢的抗点腐蚀性能均优于316L的,腐蚀速率和点腐蚀深度均小于316L奥氏体不锈钢的;双相不锈钢主要耐点蚀能力合金元素在奥氏体和铁素体相内分布不均匀,铬、钼更多地分配于铁素体相内,而镍、氮则更多地分配于奥氏体相内,铁素体相的耐点蚀指数PRE(Cr%+3.3Mo%+16N%)大于奥氏体相;双相不锈钢的耐点腐蚀性能与化学成分有关,随着PRE的增加,双相不锈钢的耐点腐蚀性能提高,铜元素在铁素体内析出的富铜相导致点蚀优先在铁素体内发生和发展。     

316L和45N＋双相不锈钢在食品级H3PO4中的腐蚀行为

为了减少盛装食品级磷酸设备的腐蚀,采用失重法、腐蚀电位-时间曲线、扫描电镜研究了316L不锈钢和45N＋双相不锈钢在食品级H3PO4溶液中的腐蚀行为。结果表明：在55℃,85．0％H3P04溶液中,316L不锈钢的腐蚀速率大于45N＋双相不锈钢;45N＋双相不锈钢表面钝化膜形成速度比316L不锈钢的快;45N＋双相不锈钢在H3PO4溶液中具有很好的耐蚀性,受H3PO4浓度的影响较小,耐蚀性优于316L不锈钢;316L不锈钢的耐蚀性随H3PO4浓度的增加先变好后变差。     

316L不锈钢在高含氯乙二醇溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

利用模拟实验研究了在高温高压釜中316L不锈钢的失重腐蚀,利用X射线衍射(XRD)仪、能谱(EDS)X射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究了316L不锈钢在高含氯乙二醇溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明,316L不锈钢在高含氯乙二醇溶液中生成的钝化膜较薄,其主要成分是Cr2O3、Fe2O3、FeOOH;其腐蚀属于耐蚀型,以点蚀为主.     

高氮奥氏体不锈钢耐点蚀性能研究

目前产于高氮不锈钢的研究多集中于理论基础、制造工艺和力学性能等方面,有关耐蚀性方面的研究有限。通过循环极化、Mott-Schottky曲线以及电化学阻抗(EIS)等方法,研究了Cr23Mo1N奥氏体不锈钢(高氮钢,HNSS)和316L不锈钢在Cl-溶液中的耐点蚀性能。结果表明:与316L不锈钢相比,高氮钢具有更正的自腐蚀电位,更小的维钝电流密度。阻抗谱表明高氮钢的钝化膜比316L更加稳定,且电荷转移电阻更大。Mott-Schottky曲线表明高氮钢的点缺陷施主浓度比316L不锈钢低一个数量级,钝化膜的绝缘性更好。循环极化曲线表明高氮钢的点蚀敏感性更小,钝化膜的自修复能力更强,耐蚀性能更加优越。     

Pitting initiation of 316L stainless steel in the media of sulfate-reducing and iron-oxidizing bacteria

Pitting corrosion behavior of stainless steel 316L in the presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from cooling water system in oil refinery was investigated using open circuit potential measurement, electrochemically impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy examinations, and energy dispersive spectrum analysis. The results show the corrosion potential (E _cor) and polarization resistance (R _p) decrease in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB), and a combination of SRB and IOB, in comparison with those observed in the sterile medium for the same exposure time. The presence of SRB demonstrated higher corrosion rates than IOB. The combination of SRB and IOB created the highest corrosion rate. The metabolic activity of bacteria and the integrality and compactness of biofilm influenced the pitting corrosion process, increased the corrosion damage degree of the passive film, and accelerated the pitting corrosion. It is suggested that SRB and IOB in influencing the pitting corrosion of 316L SS is highlighted. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Localized corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in the presence of sulfate-reducing and iron-oxidizing bacteria

Localized corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel was investigated in the presence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and iron-oxidizing bacteria (IOB) isolated from cooling water system using polarization measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examinations and energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis. The results show the corrosion potential (E_corr) and breakdown potential (E_b) of SS decreased in turn with the presence of IOB, SRB and SRB + IOB, indicating decreased relative resistance to localized corrosion. E_corr in the sterile medium remained virtually unchanged with exposure time, indicating that localized attack did not occur. However, micrometer-scale pitting was observed on the SS surface in the presence of bacteria. The presence of SRB demonstrated higher corrosion rates than IOB. The combination of SRB and IOB yielded the highest corrosion rate. The presence and metabolic activities of bacteria on SS surface produce environments that can alter rates of partial reactions in corrosion processes and shift corrosion mechanisms. The most severe microbiologically induced corrosion takes place in aquatic solution where physiological groups of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms interact.     

Effect of Cl- on the Properties of the Passive Films Formed on 316L Stainless Steel in Acidic Solution

The corrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel （31 6L SS） has been investigated in solutions containing various concentrations of chloride ions by using potentiodynamic polarization, capacitance measurement and Mott- Schottky relationship analysis （M-S）. The result indicates that passive currents change slightly with the addition of chloride ions. The pitting potential （Epit） decreases linearly with Iog[CI-]. Correspondingly, the point defect diffusion coefficient （Do） of the passive film increases linearly with increasing Iog[CI-]. The results also indicate that the pitting corrosion of 316L SS follows the adsorption mechanism in NaCI solution.     

Electrochemical polarization and pitting behaviour of Fe-Al-Mn alloys in chloride solutions

The electrochemical polarization behaviour of the austenitic Fe-8.25 Al-29.95 Mn-0.85 C and Fe-9.33 AI-25.94 Mn-1.45 C alloys, either solution-annealed and/or age-treated, was investigated in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Potentiodynamic polarization tests showed that these alloys passivated with difficulty and had much higher anodic passive current densities than that of the conventional austenitic 316 stainless steel (SS). The susceptibility to pitting corrosion of these alloys under open-circuit potential conditions was also studied in 6% FeCl₃ solution. Metallographical examination indicated that pitting and general corrosion occurred on the specimen surfaces. The corrosion rates of these alloys were about one order of magnitude higher than that of the AlSl 316 SS. In general, the corrosion resistances of the Fe-Al-Mn alloys studied were inferior to that of the conventional stainless steel.[/p]     

Electrochemical properties of 316L stainless steel with culturing L929 fibroblasts.

Potentiodynamic polarization and impedance tests were carried out on 316L stainless steel with culturing murine fibroblast L929 cells to elucidate the corrosion behaviour of 316L steel with L929 cells and to understand the electrochemical interface between 316L steel and cells, respectively. Potential step test was carried out on 316L steel with type I collagen coating and culturing L929 cells to compare the effects of collagen and L929 cells. The open-circuit potential of 316L steel slightly shifted in a negative manner and passive current density increased with cells, indicating a decrease in the protective ability of passive oxide film. The pitting potential decreased with cells, indicating a decrease in the pitting corrosion resistance. In addition, a decrease in diffusivity at the interface was indicated from the decrease in the cathodic current density and the increase in the diffusion resistance parameter in the impedance test. The anodic peak current in the potential step test decreased with cells and collagen. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of 316L steel decreases with L929 cells. In addition, collagen coating would provide an environment for anodic reaction similar to that with culturing cells.     

几种超级不锈钢在模拟烟气脱硫环境中的点蚀行为

目前,针对904L,254s Mo和2507等几种主要备选超级不锈钢在烟气脱硫环境中的耐点蚀性能缺乏系统研究。在温度分别为20、40、70℃的死亡绿液溶液中,利用循环伏安曲线和扫描电镜(SEM)法,对316不锈钢和超级不锈钢904L、254s Mo及2507的极化行为和点蚀形貌进行了研究。结果表明:在该环境中,升高温度可降低4种不锈钢表面钝化膜稳定性并提高其点蚀敏感性;在不同温度环境下,316不锈钢均有严重的点蚀现象发生,而254s Mo和2507不锈钢表面均无明显点蚀迹象;在20℃时,904L不锈钢表面无明显点蚀迹象,40℃时,其表面出现典型的点蚀形貌,但点蚀坑尺寸较小,在70℃的高温下,其点蚀坑尺寸明显增大,点蚀损伤严重;254s Mo和2507均适合作烟气脱硫设备材料,而316、904L在该环境中需谨慎使用。     

Effect of Surface Treatment and Metallic Coating on Corrosion Behavior and Biocompatibility of Surgical 316L Stainless Steel Implant

Surface engineering technology is a suitable method for coatings on the metal surfaces or performing surface modification treatment,which can improve corrosion resistance and biocompatibility of metals.In this research,corrosion behavior of Nb coating on H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 treated AISI stainless steel 316L (SS) was evaluated.Nb coating was carried out using physical vapor deposition process on the SS.Characterization techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique were used to investigate the microstructure and morphology of the coated and treated SS.Electrochemical potentiodynamic tests were performed in two types of physiological solutions and compared with the pristine SS specimens.Cyclic polarization tests were performed to evaluate resistivity against pitting.Experimental results indicate that Nb coating and surface treatment of the SS had a positive effect on improvement of corrosion behavior.The decrease in corrosion current densities was significant for coated and treated specimens.The corrosion current density was much lower than the values obtained for pristine specimens.     

Compatibility of ferritic and duplex stainless steels as implant materials: in vitro corrosion performance

The pitting corrosion, crevice corrosion and accelerated leaching of iron, chromium and nickel of super-ferritic and duplex stainless steels, and for effective comparison the presently used 316L stainless steel, have been studied in an artificial physiological solution (Hank's solution) by the potentiodynamic anodic polarization method. The results of the above studies have shown the new super-ferritic stainless steel to be immune to pitting and crevice corrosion attack. The pitting and crevice corrosion resistances of duplex stainless steel were found to be superior to those of the commonly used type 316L stainless steel implant materials. The accelerated leaching study conducted for the above alloys showed very little tendency for the leaching of metal ions when compared with 316L stainless steel. Thus the present study indicated that super-ferritic and duplex stainless steels can be adopted as implant materials due to their higher pitting and crevice corrosion resistance.     

Enhancement of corrosion resistance of a biomedical grade 316LVM stainless steel by potentiodynamic cyclic polarization

The paper discusses the results on the use of a simple cyclic linear potentiodynamic polarization technique as a method of improving corrosion properties of passive oxide films formed on a biomedical-grade 316LVM stainless steel surface in phosphate buffer. The results demonstrate that the modification of 316LVM surface by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization between the potential of hydrogen and oxygen evolution results in the formation of a passive film that offers significantly increased corrosion resistance (both pitting and general) when compared to the naturally grown passive film. The effect of number of cycles and anodic potential limit on the resulting corrosion properties is discussed. The capacitance analysis demonstrates that the major difference between the electrochemically formed and naturally grown passive film is in the type of semiconductivity in the potential region where pitting on the unmodified surface occurs. The XPS analysis shows that this is due to the presence of Cr(VI)-species in the electrochemically formed passive film, which contribute to the increased density of metal vacancies, and thus to the increased pitting corrosion resistance of the passive film.