用于油田污泥中细颗粒分离的旋流器的设计与优选

针对粒径中值小于50μm的油田细颗粒污泥较难处理的现状,设计并优选了一种适用于细颗粒分离的固液旋流器。室内试验表明,设计并优选得到的主直径50mm、溢流口径12mm、锥角5°的固液旋流器在其工作流量3.2m3/h~3.6m3/h内,可以对粒径中值50μm以下的细颗粒污泥达到较好的分离效果。采用旋流器处理细颗粒油田污泥切实可行。     

水力旋流器结构与分离性能研究（四）：———底流管结构

研究了水力旋流器底流管结构形状对其分离性能的影响,结果表明：采用２０°渐扩管结构的底流管时水力旋流器处理能力最高、分离粒度最大;在直管型底流管下部加设堵气锥时水力旋流器分离修正总效率最高、分离粒度最小、分流比最小;采用传统的直圆管结构时水力旋流器分离精度α值最大;采用水封式直圆管结构时水力旋流器分流比最大。     

水力旋流器结构与分离性能研究（二）：溢流管结构

研究了水力旋流器溢流管结构形状对其分离性能的影响，结果表明：溢流管采用３０°渐扩管加锥结构时，水力旋流器处理能力最高；溢流管加虹吸装置时，水力旋流器分离修正总效率最高、分流比最小；采用普通型薄壁直圆管结构时，水力旋流器修正分离粒度ｄ５０Ｃ最小、分离精度α值最高。     

石化企业细颗粒污泥分离用旋流器的设计与优选

针对粒径中值低于50μm的油田细颗粒污泥较难处理的现状，设计并优选了一种适用于细颗粒分离用的固液旋流器。室内试验表明，设计并优选得到的主直径50mm、溢流口径12mm、锥角5度的固液旋流器在其工作流量3．2～3．6m^3／h内，可以针对粒径中值50μm以下的细颗粒污泥达到较好的分离效果。采用旋流器处理细颗粒油田污泥切实可行。     

水力旋流器结构与分离性能研究（三）：锥段结构

研究了水力旋流器锥段结构开关肥及锥段体积对其分离性能的影响，结果表明：采用螺旋型锥段结构时水力旋流器处理能力最高；采用抛物线型锥段结构时水力旋流器的分离修正总效率最高，分离精度最高，分流比最小；采用普通型光滑直锥时旋流器分离粒度最小，随着光滑内壁型锥段体积的增大，旋流器分离修正总效率呈线性提高，而旋流器分流比则呈线性下降。     

入口注气条件下水力旋流器的试验研究

在入口采用空气压缩机注气的条件下,进行水力旋流器分离性能的试验。对流量、分流比、气液比等参数进行了试验。试验发现,当入口含油浓度在600m g/L时,水力旋流器在流量4.10m3/h、分流比15%、气液比9%左右时有最佳的处理效果,可由不注气时的87%左右的分离效率提高到95%以上。     

倒锥注气强化井下油水分离水力旋流器性能研究

为了进一步提高井下油水分离水力旋流器的分离性能,提出一种倒锥注气式井下油水分离水力旋流器结构,开展倒锥注气对油水分离性能影响研究。利用数值模拟和实验研究相结合的方法,对不同注气量、含油浓度、分流比、入口流量等操作参数下的流场分布特性和油水分离效率进行分析。结果表明,随着注气量的增加,分离效率呈现先升高后降低的趋势,当注气量为2.034 m³/d时,分离效率达到最大值98.52%;当水力旋流器的入口含油浓度为0.75%、分流比为40%、入口流量为5.4 m³/h时,可获得水力旋流器的最佳分离效率为99.51%,较注气前提高了1.11%。针对注气后的井下油水分离水力旋流器开展室内分离性能实验研究,数值模拟和实验结果呈现相同的变化趋势,验证了倒锥注气强化分离性能的可行性及数值模拟结果的准确性。     

锥齿型水力旋流器的分离特性研究

对锥齿型水力旋流器的性能进行了试验研究，结果表明这种新型水力旋流器的分离精度、分流比、分离粒度和总分离效率均高于普通水力旋流器的相应指标。还研究了中心锥的几何参数和位置对分离特性的影响。     

水力旋流器分离细颗粒的试验研究

介绍了用于细颗粒分离的水力旋流器的基本结构形式及主要结构参数。并针对旋流器雷诺数、分流比、旋数等无因次参数对压力特性的影响进行了细致的试验研究,找出了这些参数与欧拉数和压降比的相互关系。所有试验均在不含气的条件下进行。结果表明,随着雷诺数、分流比和旋数的分别加大,水力旋流器的压力降呈增加趋势,压降比则呈下降趋势。另外,针对当量直径45μm尿素复合颗粒进行了分离特性研究。结果表明,随着雷诺数的加大,分离效率逐步提高,但并非雷诺数越大越好;对于分流比,则只在低雷诺数时有利于分离效果的改善;旋数分别为9、16和29的实验结果表明,旋数16的总体效果为最优。     

脉动流参数对旋流器分离性能的影响

介绍了脉动实验系统及相关的实验参数,研究了脉动流的一些主要参数对水力旋流器分离性能的影响,详细分析了脉动周期比、流量脉动幅值比和雷诺数等参数对水力旋流器用于细颗粒分离性能的影响。结果表明,在脉动周期比为0.68及流量脉动幅值比为2%左右等条件下,流量的脉动反而会提高水力旋流器的分离效率。     

充气水力旋流器用于油水分离的试验研究

研究了充气量、进料量、分流比以及底流出口压力等主要操作参数对充气水力旋流器分离效率影响的规律 ,得出了较好的工况点 ;与相同结构参数的未充气旋流器的分离性能进行了对比 ,结果表明 ,充气旋流器能明显改善油水分离条件 ,具有较宽的操作弹性和较高的分离效率 ;同时用库尔特粒径分析仪分别测定了它们进口和底流口油滴的粒径分布 ,发现在旋流器中充入空气 ,强化了气浮 ,能够进一步分离更细粒径的油滴。     

Experimental study on the separation performance of air-injected de-oil hydrocyclones

The developing status and separating principle of de-oil hydrocyclones are first simply introduced. The ways to enhance the hydrocyclone's separation efficiency are described based on theoretical analysis. One of the ways is to inject air into the hydrocyclones so as to combine them with oil to form oil–gas compound bodies, and then increase the de-oil efficiency. By means of injecting air into the hydrocyclone, a new type of hydrocyclone, i.e. air-injected de-oil hydrocyclone (AIDOH), was developed. The basic separation principle of the AIDOH, prototype structure, the experimental technical process and facilities are introduced. Laboratory experiments were carried out. The effects of different geometric parameters, including the vortex finder diameter, and the length, the micro-pore diameter, and different operating conditions, such as flowrate, split ratio, gas–liquid ratio, and especially the air-injecting position, were studied. It was also found that the best injecting part is at the fine cone segment. Further experimental studies were continued to confirm the detailed part in the fine cone segment, which included one-third segment and two-thirds segment. Results show that the best air-injecting part is the first one-third of the fine cone segment. Research indicates that the AIDOH has satisfied the separation effect.     

Effect of apex cone shape on fine particle classification of gas-cyclone

The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of apex cone shape on particle separation performance of gas-cyclones by experiment and CFD studies. It is found that the optimum apex cone angle is 70°. The minimum 50% cut size was obtained by use of this special apex cone. From the flow visualization method by use of soap foam, the upward flow and downward flow coexisted on the surface of this special apex cone. The clear interface between upward flow and downward flow was detected on the apex cone angle of 70°. The effect of the apex cone angle on particle separation performance decreases under high inlet velocity conditions, because most particles are moving in the area away from the apex cone.The particle separation performance and flow visualization results qualitatively supported the 3-dimensional CFD simulation based on the direct method.     

三次曲线管型水力旋流器的速度场研究

对设计的三次曲线管型水力旋流器的速度场进行研究。结果表明,在大、小锥段交接处附近的流场更加顺畅,特别是水力旋流器轴向速度的波动明显减少。水力旋流器内部流场的稳定减小了聚并油滴再次破碎的机会,为提高水力旋流器的处理效果提供了保证。     

70mm单锥脱油旋流器主要尺寸参数优化试验

本文重点研究了液—液旋流器的进口几何尺寸和锥度对旋流器流量和压力特性的影响，通过全因素试验揭示了进口几何尺寸和锥度的不同组合下流量和压力的变化规律，表明进口几何尺寸和锥度存在最佳的匹配关系。根据能量消耗最小原则，优化了单锥旋流器进口几何参数和锥度，对单锥脱油旋流器的设计具有指导意义     

轻质分散相液-液水力旋流器迁移率的计算方法

Based on Bloor & Ingham's approach for determining the fluid field and on the analyses of loci of fluid particles inside hydrocyclones, analytical models are developed for calculating the migration probability of single-cone and two-cone hydrocyclones separating light dispersions. The calculated results are in good agreement with Thew's correlation at different flow rate, split ratio or fluid properties if the structural parameters keep the same as those of Thew's 35 mm hydrocyclone. The difference between predictions according to two-cone model and single-cone model is nearly negligible, which is very close to Thew's original idea that major separation happens in the small cone-angle zone. Calculated results indicate that split ratio has little effects on reduced migration probability at least for F ≤ 20%, which is consistent to the conclusion drawn from Thew's correlation that reduced migration probability will remain constant when split ratio changes. Because no simplifying hypothesis is imposed on s     

Experimental study of a vane-type pipe separator for oil–water separation

An experimental study of a new vane-type pipe separator (VTPS) was conducted for the possible application in the well-bore for oil–water separation and reinjection. Results by using particle image velocimetry (PIV) reveal a better flow field distribution for oil–water separation, which is formed in VTPS than that in hydrocyclone. The effects of split ratio, the oil content, guide vanes’ installation and number of guide vanes on oil–water separation performance have been investigated experimentally. Compared to a traditional single hydrocyclone, VTPS shows a good separation performance as the water content at the inlet of VTPS reaches 79.9%, the oil content at the water-rich outlet is about 400 ppm while the split is near 0.70. These results are helpful to provide a possibly new design for downhole oil–water separation.