钢壳沉管自密实混凝土工作性能评价方法的对比试验研究

自密实混凝土目前尚无统一的工作性能评价方法。通过在室内开展500~850 mm扩展度范围的自密实混凝土工作性能指标的对比试验,从填充性、间隙通过性和抗离析性能三个方面对自密实混凝土的性能评价方法进行了讨论。结果表明:采用坍落扩展度U_SF、扩展时间T₅₀₀、L型仪测试通过率H₂/H₁和视觉稳定性指数A_VSI的综合评价指标可对自密实混凝土的工作性能进行较好的表征;U_SF和T₅₀₀对自密实混凝土的填充性可以进行比较好的评价;L型仪或J环试验对自密实混凝土的间隙通过性可以进行较好的评价;对现场混凝土的稳定性可先采用视觉稳定性试验(VSI)初步评价,需要定量评价时,可采用离析率筛析试验(GTM筛析法);对侧墙等竖向构件混凝土的抗离析性评价,除了采用GTM筛析法之外,必要时还需增加压力泌水试验。     

高强机制砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的试验研究

通过偏高岭土和硅灰分别与粉煤灰双掺,使用机制砂混凝土调节剂,在机制砂级配不良,胶材用量仅为500 kg/m3,水胶比高达0.33的情况下配制出C80高强机制砂混凝土,并研究了调节剂、细集料类型、偏高岭土掺量、硅灰掺量对机制砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,适量调节剂可改善机制砂混凝土的工作性,并提高其抗压强度;机制砂对混凝土的工作性有不利影响,但对其劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度均有所提高;偏高岭土和硅灰对机制砂混凝土的工作性及力学性能影响显著,随着其掺量的增加,机制砂混凝土的包裹性、和易性提高,而坍落度、扩展度、流动性减小,抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势.     

UHPC浆体的工作性和流变性与颗粒膜层厚度的关系

建立超高性能混凝土(UHPC)浆体的工作性和流变性之间的关系可从理论上研究其工作性变化规律。本文以颗粒膜层厚度为UHPC浆体的工作性的综合衡量指标,设计了正交试验,研究水胶比、超细粉煤灰替代率和硅灰掺量对UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的影响。根据流动度和流变性测试结果,分析了水胶比和超细粉煤灰替代率的共同作用对UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的影响,探究了UHPC的净浆与砂浆的工作性关系,基于浆膜层厚度给出了UHPC砂浆的工作性与流变性的关系式。研究结果表明:水胶比是UHPC浆体的工作性与流变性的最主要影响因素,水胶比、超细粉煤灰替代率和硅灰掺量提高均造成UHPC浆体的颗粒表面膜层厚度增大;水胶比和超细粉煤灰替代率的共同作用下,UHPC浆体的流动度和黏度系数具有相关性。     

硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土损伤层与微观研究

混凝土损伤层性能劣化规律对研究硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土耐久性具有重要意义.采用超声波平测法,研究了硫酸盐与干湿交替作用下不同水胶比混凝土的损伤层厚度变化规律,从损伤层角度分析了混凝土的损伤劣化特点与性能退化规律,并采用X衍射方法对混凝土中的主要侵蚀产物进行分析.研究结果表明:随着水胶比增大,混凝土中钙矾石和石膏不断增多,氢氧化钙含量逐步减小,宏观表现为混凝土损伤层中超声波速逐渐减小,损伤层厚度增大.当混凝土损伤层越厚、声速越低时,表明其密实度降低,损伤劣化程度增大.通过测量混凝土损伤层厚度,可以有效判断硫酸盐侵蚀作用下混凝土损伤劣化情况.     

沙漠砂陶粒混凝土配合比试验研究

为充分利用当地自然资源研制节能、利废、保温、轻质的新型生态墙体材料,提出了利用沙漠砂生产陶粒混凝土.通过正交试验分析了水胶比、体积砂率、沙漠砂替代率、粉煤灰掺量对沙漠砂陶粒混凝土塌落度、表观密度及抗压强度的影响规律,得到了强度等级为LC20沙漠砂陶粒混凝土的合理配合比.研究结果表明:水胶比、体积砂率、沙漠砂替代率是影响沙漠砂陶粒混凝土塌落度、表观密度及抗压强度的主要因素;沙漠砂可代替陶粒混凝土中的部分河砂用于工程建设中,掺入沙漠砂后的陶粒混凝土密度增加较少,抗压强度增加较多,但塌落度有所降低,基于塌落度考虑的最优的沙漠砂替代率为30％左右.     

纳米CaCO3再生砼抗压强度正交试验分析

研究影响再生砼抗压强度的因素,考虑了纳米CaCO₃、水胶比、砂率和再生粗骨料掺量4种影响因素,采用L₉（3⁴）正交表安排试验,利用极差分析和方差分析两种方法对试验结果进行探讨。结果表明,当纳米CaCO₃掺入率为1%时,砼强度最优;水胶比为0.38～0.40时,砼的抗压强度最大;砂率和再生粗骨料取代率对砼抗压强度均出现反弹现象,随其增加先减小再增大。影响砼抗压强度大小的顺序依次分别为:水胶比、再生粗骨料取代率、纳米CaCO₃、砂率。     

一步法合成α-MnO2/β-MnO2催化剂及其对甲苯催化氧化的性能研究

采用水热法在不同pH条件下制备了一系列MnO₂基催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、N₂吸脱附等手段对其进行了表征,并评价了它们对甲苯催化氧化反应的催化活性。表征结果表明,不同的pH本质上改变了s反应溶液的初始H⁺浓度,从而影响了所得样品的结晶环境,并赋予它们不同的晶相。甲苯的催化氧化评价结果表明,催化剂的催化性能与α-MnO₂的含量密切相关。当pH=11时所得到的MnO₂-11催化剂,具有最大的比表面积和最多的缺陷结构,使其具有最佳的催化活性（T₅₀=245℃和T₉₀=256℃）和优异的循环稳定性。     

一步法合成α-MnO2/β-MnO2催化剂及其对甲苯催化氧化的性能研究

采用水热法在不同pH条件下制备了一系列MnO₂基催化剂,通过XRD、SEM、N₂吸脱附等手段对其进行了表征,并评价了它们对甲苯催化氧化反应的催化活性。表征结果表明,不同的pH本质上改变了s反应溶液的初始H⁺浓度,从而影响了所得样品的结晶环境,并赋予它们不同的晶相。甲苯的催化氧化评价结果表明,催化剂的催化性能与α-MnO₂的含量密切相关。当pH=11时所得到的MnO₂-11催化剂,具有最大的比表面积和最多的缺陷结构,使其具有最佳的催化活性（T₅₀=245℃和T₉₀=256℃）和优异的循环稳定性。     

水泥浆厚度在再生骨料透水混凝土配合比设计中的应用

试验研究了水胶比、减水剂用量和骨料特性对水泥浆包裹骨料表面厚度的影响,并把水泥浆厚度应用到再生骨料透水混凝土配合比设计中.结果表明:随着水胶比的增大,水泥浆厚度受减水剂用量的影响越大;在水胶比一定时,水泥浆厚度随减水剂用量的增加而变小;随着骨料粒径的增大,水泥浆厚度也随之增大;表面粗糙的骨料容易附着水泥浆,骨料的含水量会降低水泥浆厚度;当骨料粒径为4.75～9.5 mm,设计水泥浆厚度为0.519 mm,水胶比为0.35时,再生骨料透水混凝土28 d强度达到了34.1 MPa,透水系数为0.79 mm/s.     

掺Ⅱ级粉煤灰胶砂试件在高浓度硫酸盐侵蚀下的破坏特征与破坏机理分析

按高性能混凝土配比方法制作不同水胶比、Ⅱ级粉煤灰不同掺量的胶砂试件,进行硫酸盐侵蚀试验.采用扫描电镜( SEM)和能谱(EDS)对试件进行微观观测、分析,结果表明:在低水胶比情况下,掺粉煤灰的胶砂试件受高浓度硫酸盐侵蚀破坏的类型是石膏型破坏,未产生钙矾石(Aft)型侵蚀破坏;侵蚀破坏发生在试件表层,侵蚀破坏层的厚度主要...     

运用粒子图像测速仪研究双层桨搅拌槽内流体流动

The flow fields in a dual Rushton impeller stirred tank with diameter of 0.48 m （T） were measured by using Particle Image Velocimetry （PIV）. Three different size impellers were used in the experiments with diameters of D = 0.33T, 0.40T and 0.50T, respectively. The multi-block and 360° ensemble-averaged approaches were used to measure the radial and axial angle-resolved velocity distributions. Three typical flow patterns, named, merging flow, parallel flow and diverging flow, were obtained by changing the clearance of the bottom impeller above the tank base （C1） and the spacing between the two impellers （C2）. The results show that while C1 is equal to D, the parallel flow occurs as C2≥0.40T, C2≥0.38T and C2≥0.32T and the merging flow occurs as C2≤0.38T, C2≤0.36T and C2≤0.27T for the impellers with diameter of D=0.33T, 0.40T and 0.50T, respectively. When C2 is equal to D, the diverging flow occurs in the value of C1≤0.15T for all three impellers. The flow numbers of these impellers were calculated for the parallel flow. Trailing vortices generated by the lower impeller for the diverging flow were shown by the 10° angle-resolved velocity measurements. The peak value of turbulence kinetic energy （ k/V^2tip = 0.12-0.15 or above） appears along the center of the impeller discharging stream.     

The glass temperature of polymer blends

The entropy theory of glasses is used to derive the glass temperature, T_g, of a binary polymer blend in terms of the glass temperatures of the two substituents. The formula is T_g = B₁T_g1 + B₂T_g2, where B_i is the fraction of flexible bonds of substituent i. A bond is flexible if rotation about it changes the shape of the molecule. Bonds in side groups as well as in the backbone are to be counted. This formula assumes that the free volume, taken here to be the volume fraction of empty lattice sites, is the same for each of the three materials. It has no parameters. The above equation expressed in weight fractions, W_i, is (T_g − T_g1)W₁(γ₁/ω₁) + (T_g − T_g2)W₂(γ₂/ω₂) = 0, where ω_i is the weight of a monomer unit and gg_i is the number of flexible bonds per monomer unit. A more general treatment is given. One variation of the more general treatment which expresses the properties of the blend in purely additive terms gives T_g = B₁T_g1 + B₂T_g2 + KB₁B₂(T_g1 − T_g2)(V₀₁ − V₀₂), where V_0i are the free volume fractions of the homopolymers at their glass temperatures and K is a constant. The added term is usually small. The most general form of the equation requires the energy of interaction between the two unlike molecules, which can be estimated by volume measurements on the blend.     

UNSTEADY CONVECTIVE DIFFUSION IN BLOOD FLOW THROUGH A TUBE

The paper presents an exact analysis of unsteady convective dispersion of a solute in a Casson fluid (assumed as the non-Newtonian behaviour of blood) flowing in a tube. Using a generalized dispersion model, which is valid for all time after the injection of the solute in the flow, we evaluate the axial dispersion coefficients as functions of time. The variation of the asymptotic dispersion coefficient K₂* with y₀ (the dimensionless radius of the plug flow region) shows that K₂* first increases with y₀, reaches a maximum and then decreases. The behaviour of the dimensionless dispersion coefficient K₂(T) - Pe^-2 with time T is also shown graphically.     

Correlation between equation of state and temperature and pressure dependence of self-diffusion coefficient of polymers and simple liquids

Correlation between the equation of state and the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient D for polymers such as polystyrene (PS) and polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) and simple liquids such as argon, methane and benzene and the pressure dependence of D for oligomers such as dimethyl siloxane (DMS) and simple liquids such as cyclohexane and methanol has been examined based on the equation of state derived previously. The experimental data used were published by Antonietti et al. and McCall et al. for polymers, by McCall for linear dimethylsiloxanes and by Jonas et al. and Woolf et al. for simple liquids. The expression for D in this work is given by

where A₁(M) is a function of molecular weight M_w, C₁(T) and P₁(T) are functions of temperature and B₁, n₁ and m₁ are constants determined experimentally. For simple liquids, the values of n₁ obtained range from 0.3 to 1.2, with an average , and m₁ is in the range 0.5–1.2, with . For polymers, values of n₁ are in the range 2.5–7.0 for PS and 0.5–1.3 for PDMS and m₁ for DMS is in the range 0.8–1.0. The relation Dη/T = f(M) is found to be useful for simple liquids over a wide range of temperature including the critical region and for pressures up to ≈5 kbar

1 kbar = 100 MPa There is a close correlation between ln(D/T) and _p and β_T through ln(D/T)ln D_c−⁻¹_p−β⁻¹_T, where D_c is D at the critical temperature and _p and β_T are the thermal expansion coefficient and compressibility, respectively. The molecular weight dependence of D for polymers and simple liquids is discussed based on the experimental data and recent theory of Doi and Edwards. A new model for the mechanism of self-diffusion in the liquid state is proposed.     

Effect of vacuum gas oil hydrotreating reactor on multiple reactors and hydrogen network

The inlet temperature of the Vacuum Gas Oil (VGO) hydrotreating reactor of a refinery is analyzed with the integration of multiple series reactors and hydrogen network considered. The effect of the inlet temperature (T₁) on hydrogen sinks/sources and the product output is analyzed systematically based on the simulation of the series reactors, including VGO hydrotreating reactor, hydrocracking reactor, fluid catalytic cracking reactor and visbreaking reactor. The general relation between the Hydrogen Utility Adjustment (HUA) and multiple pairs of varying sinks and sources is deduced, and correlations between varying streams and T₁ are linearly fitted. Based on this, the quantitative equation between HUA and T₁ is derived, and corresponding diagram is constructed. The T₁ corresponding the minimum hydrogen consumption is identified to be 345℃.     

净浆流动度损失与混凝土坍损的相关性研究

对粉煤灰取代水泥量、粉煤灰质量,砂的含泥量和外加剂掺量等因素对净浆流动度经时变化及混凝土坍落度损失的影响进行了研究,探索了净浆保持性与混凝土坍损间的关系。结果表明:砂的含泥量对混凝土的工作性能影响明显,当实验所用砂含泥量达到I、II类时,同掺量外加剂的净浆流动度保持性能可以较为准确地反映出混凝土的工作性能;当实验所用砂为III类时,净浆流动度保持性能优异的外加剂掺量增加10%推荐为混凝土的试拌试验掺量。     

C n.m.r. study of optically active polymers: 2. Relaxations in poly [(S)-4-methyl-1-hexene]

T₁, T₂ and NOE were measured in ¹³C n.m.r. spectra of two fractions of poly [(S)-4-methyl-1-hexene] obtained by selective solvent extraction (diethyl ether and cyclohexane) of the polymers prepared in the presence of isospecific catalysts. T₁ measurements provide evidence in the two fractions for the existence of different conformational weightings about side chain bonds according to conclusions from vibrational spectroscopy studies. Subtle configurational differences of the two substantially isotactic samples are suggested to explain this result. A discussion of the dynamic parameters related to the correlation time is also presented which supports the above explanation.     

聚碳酸亚丙酯生物降解渗水地膜的研制及性能分析

为了解决农田白色污染问题,选用大分子聚碳酸亚丙酯（PPC）和聚己二酸丁二醇酯/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBAT）两种生物降解材料以及强力渗水助剂为原料制备PPC生物降解渗水地膜,采用多次吹膜测试法对地膜的配方和工艺方案进行了优选,并通过万能拉力测试机、紫外老化试验箱等对地膜的力学性能和降解性能进行了表征。结果表明,按照优选方案A₉和A₂的配方和工艺,结合渗水地膜加工工艺,可以成功制备厚度为（0.007±0.002） mm的薄型PPC生物降解渗水地膜;以A₉和A₂为基础并进行优化处理后的工艺技术试制的6个产品的力学性能均能够达到GB/T 35795—2017标准要求;0.007 mm PPC生物降解渗水地膜60 d后开始出现横纵向裂口,180 d后降解率为77.06 %,365 d后降解率为95.72 %。     

Reversible heat effects in high temperature batteries: Transported entropy and thomson coefficients in cells with β″-alumina

The transported entropy and the Thomson coefficient for charge conducting ions are needed to predict reversible heat effects in batteries. Transported entropies and Thomson coefficients have been calculated from Seebeck coefficients of the cell Fe(s, T₁)|Me| β″ alumina | Me | Fe(s, T₂) for Na and K (Me). The result is S*_Na⁺ = 56 ± 3 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ at 500 K, with a Thomson coefficient τ_Na⁺ = 30 ± 2 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ in the temperature interval 333–773 K. The transported entropy of Na⁺ did not change by freezing Na at 370. The results for K⁺ are identical to those of Na⁺ within the accuracy of the experiments. The Thomson coefficient derived from measurements at different values of T₁ was consistent with the observed variation in emf with ΔT for a given T₁. The reversible heat changes at the electrodes have been calculated for sodium sulphur and potassium sulphur batteries. During discharge both batteries produce a net reversible heat, the production always being largest at the alkali metal anode. At the cathode, the heat effect becomes relatively small when the composition of Na and S is within the one phase region. A change in composition from the one phase to the two phase region is expected to lead to changes in local temperature gradients. The systems were described by the electric work method, a method which has practical advantages compared to other electrochemical methods.