Deep learning models for cloud,edge, fog,and IoT computing paradigms: Survey,recent advances,and future directions

In recent times, the machine learning (ML) community has recognized the deep learning (DL) computing model as the Gold Standard. DL has gradually become the most widely used computational approach in the field of machine learning, achieving remarkable results in various complex cognitive tasks that are comparable to, or even surpassing human performance. One of the key benefits of DL is its ability to learn from vast amounts of data. In recent years, the DL field has witnessed rapid expansion and has found successful applications in various conventional areas. Significantly, DL has outperformed established ML techniques in multiple domains, such as cloud computing, robotics, cybersecurity, and several others. Nowadays, cloud computing has become crucial owing to the constant growth of the IoT network. It remains the finest approach for putting sophisticated computational applications into use, stressing the huge data processing. Nevertheless, the cloud falls short because of the crucial limitations of cutting-edge IoT applications that produce enormous amounts of data and necessitate a quick reaction time with increased privacy. The latest trend is to adopt a decentralized distributed architecture and transfer processing and storage resources to the network edge. This eliminates the bottleneck of cloud computing as it places data processing and analytics closer to the consumer. Machine learning (ML) is being increasingly utilized at the network edge to strengthen computer programs, specifically by reducing latency and energy consumption while enhancing resource management and security. To achieve optimal outcomes in terms of efficiency, space, reliability, and safety with minimal power usage, intensive research is needed to develop and apply machine learning algorithms. This comprehensive examination of prevalent computing paradigms underscores recent advancements resulting from the integration of machine learning and emerging computing models, while also addressing the underlying open research issues along with potential future directions. Because it is thought to open up new opportunities for both interdisciplinary research and commercial applications, we present a thorough assessment of the most recent works involving the convergence of deep learning with various computing paradigms, including cloud, fog, edge, and IoT, in this contribution. We also draw attention to the main issues and possible future lines of research. We hope this survey will spur additional study and contributions in this exciting area.     

A novel deep learning prediction model for concrete dam displacements using interpretable mixed attention mechanism

Dam displacements can effectively reflect its operational status, and thus establishing a reliable displacement prediction model is important for dam health monitoring. The majority of the existing data-driven models, however, focus on static regression relationships, which cannot capture the long-term temporal dependencies and adaptively select the most relevant influencing factors to perform predictions. Moreover, the emerging modeling tools such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) are mostly black-box models, which makes their physical interpretation challenging and greatly limits their practical engineering applications. To address these issues, this paper proposes an interpretable mixed attention mechanism long short-term memory (MAM-LSTM) model based on an encoder-decoder architecture, which is formulated in two stages. In the encoder stage, a factor attention mechanism is developed to adaptively select the highly influential factors at each time step by referring to the previous hidden state. In the decoder stage, a temporal attention mechanism is introduced to properly extract the key time segments by identifying the relevant hidden states across all the time steps. For interpretation purpose, our emphasis is placed on the quantification and visualization of factor and temporal attention weights. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified using monitoring data collected from a real-world dam, where its accuracy is compared to a classical statistical model, conventional ML models, and homogeneous DL models. The comparison demonstrates that the MAM-LSTM model outperforms the other models in most cases. Furthermore, the interpretation of global attention weights confirms the physical rationality of our attention-based model. This work addresses the research gap in interpretable artificial intelligence for dam displacement prediction and delivers a model with both high-accuracy and interpretability.     

Leveraging Multimodal Ensemble Fusion-Based Deep Learning for COVID-19 on Chest Radiographs

Recently, COVID-19 has posed a challenging threat to researchers, scientists, healthcare professionals, and administrations over the globe, from its diagnosis to its treatment. The researchers are making persistent efforts to derive probable solutions for managing the pandemic in their areas. One of the widespread and effective ways to detect COVID-19 is to utilize radiological images comprising X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. At the same time, the recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models show promising results in medical imaging. Particularly, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model can be applied to identifying abnormalities on chest radiographs. While the epidemic of COVID-19, much research is led on processing the data compared with DL techniques, particularly CNN. This study develops an improved fruit fly optimization with a deep learning-enabled fusion (IFFO-DLEF) model for COVID-19 detection and classification. The major intention of the IFFO-DLEF model is to investigate the presence or absence of COVID-19. To do so, the presented IFFO-DLEF model applies image pre-processing at the initial stage. In addition, the ensemble of three DL models such as DenseNet169, EfficientNet, and ResNet50, are used for feature extraction. Moreover, the IFFO algorithm with a multilayer perceptron (MLP) classification model is utilized to identify and classify COVID-19. The parameter optimization of the MLP approach utilizing the IFFO technique helps in accomplishing enhanced classification performance. The experimental result analysis of the IFFO-DLEF model carried out on the CXR image database portrayed the better performance of the presented IFFO-DLEF model over recent approaches.     

Automatic detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) using X-ray images and deep convolutional neural networks

The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with a starting point in China, has spread rapidly among people living in other countries and is approaching approximately 101,917,147 cases worldwide according to the statistics of World Health Organization. There are a limited number of COVID-19 test kits available in hospitals due to the increasing cases daily. Therefore, it is necessary to implement an automatic detection system as a quick alternative diagnosis option to prevent COVID-19 spreading among people. In this study, five pre-trained convolutional neural network-based models (ResNet50, ResNet101, ResNet152, InceptionV3 and Inception-ResNetV2) have been proposed for the detection of coronavirus pneumonia-infected patient using chest X-ray radiographs. We have implemented three different binary classifications with four classes (COVID-19, normal (healthy), viral pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia) by using five-fold cross-validation. Considering the performance results obtained, it has been seen that the pre-trained ResNet50 model provides the highest classification performance (96.1% accuracy for Dataset-1, 99.5% accuracy for Dataset-2 and 99.7% accuracy for Dataset-3) among other four used models.

     

Role of digital,hyper spectral,and SAR images in detection of plant disease with deep learning network

In agriculture, plants plays a major role and taking attention of plants is very critical. Generally, the plant are affected through various diseases like fungi, virus and bacteria. Finding of these diseases are main challenging task for a plant disease identification and classification. In the past few years, machine learning (ML) methods have been developed for the plant disease detection. But, the advancement in a subsection of ML, that is, DL (deep learning) models provide a great solution in the agricultural areas in the recent decades. The main objective of the paper is to provide the survey of numerous DL classification models for the plant disease detection by analysing the digital, hyper spectral and SAR images. This paper provide the review of different deep learning architectures which is utilized for plant disease identification and classification. The role of digital, hyper spectral and SAR images with deep learning models for plant disease detection is reviewed. Further, the different well-known DL architecture for plant disease classification is studied. In addition, the current challenges and their solutions of plant disease identification are discussed. Also, the application of DL and advantages/disadvantages of DL structure in plant domain are presented. Finally, the future scope of DL structure for plant domain is discussed. The preparation of this review is to permit future research to learn higher competences of deep learning while identifying plant diseases by enhancing system performance and accuracy.

     

Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Network for Predicting Heart Failure Risk

Heart failure is now widely spread throughout the world. Heart disease affects approximately 48% of the population. It is too expensive and also difficult to cure the disease. This research paper represents machine learning models to predict heart failure. The fundamental concept is to compare the correctness of various Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and boost algorithms to improve models’ accuracy for prediction. Some supervised algorithms like K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Trees (DT), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR) are considered to achieve the best results. Some boosting algorithms like Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and CatBoost are also used to improve the prediction using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). This research also focuses on data visualization to identify patterns, trends, and outliers in a massive data set. Python and Scikit-learns are used for ML. Tensor Flow and Keras, along with Python, are used for ANN model training. The DT and RF algorithms achieved the highest accuracy of 95% among the classifiers. Meanwhile, KNN obtained a second height accuracy of 93.33%. XGBoost had a gratified accuracy of 91.67%, SVM, CATBoost, and ANN had an accuracy of 90%, and LR had 88.33% accuracy.     

Deep learning frameworks to learn prediction and simulation focused control system models

Deep learning (DL) methods have brought world-shattering breakthroughs, especially in computer vision and classification problems. Yet, the design and deployment of DL methods in time series prediction and nonlinear system identification applications still need more progress. In this paper, we present DL frameworks that are developed to provide novel approaches as solutions to the aforementioned engineering problems. The proposed DL frameworks leverage the advantages of autoencoders and long-short term memory network, which are known being data compression and recurrent structures, respectively, to design Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for modeling time series and nonlinear systems with high performance. We provide recommendations on how deep AEs and LSTMs should be utilized to end up with efficient Prediction-focused (Pf) and Simulation-focused (Sf) DNNs for time series and system identification problems. We present systematic learning methods for the DL frameworks that allow straightforward learning of Pf-DNN and Sf-DNN models in detail. To demonstrate the efficiency of the developed DNNs, we present various comparative results conducted on the benchmark and real-world datasets in comparison with their conventional, shallow, and deep neural network counterparts. The results clearly show that the deployment of the proposed DL frameworks results with DNNs that have high accuracy, even with a low dimensional feature vector.

     

Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Classifying Hand Motion-Based EEG Brain Signals

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) records brain activity using electroencephalogram (EEG) headsets in the form of EEG signals; these signals can be recorded, processed and classified into different hand movements, which can be used to control other IoT devices. Classification of hand movements will be one step closer to applying these algorithms in real-life situations using EEG headsets. This paper uses different feature extraction techniques and sophisticated machine learning algorithms to classify hand movements from EEG brain signals to control prosthetic hands for amputated persons. To achieve good classification accuracy, denoising and feature extraction of EEG signals is a significant step. We saw a considerable increase in all the machine learning models when the moving average filter was applied to the raw EEG data. Feature extraction techniques like a fast fourier transform (FFT) and continuous wave transform (CWT) were used in this study; three types of features were extracted, i.e., FFT Features, CWT Coefficients and CWT scalogram images. We trained and compared different machine learning (ML) models like logistic regression, random forest, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), light gradient boosting machine (GBM) and XG boost on FFT and CWT features and deep learning (DL) models like VGG-16, DenseNet201 and ResNet50 trained on CWT scalogram images. XG Boost with FFT features gave the maximum accuracy of 88%.     

An Optimized Deep-Learning-Based Low Power Approximate Multiplier Design

Approximate computing is a popular field for low power consumption that is used in several applications like image processing, video processing, multimedia and data mining. This Approximate computing is majorly performed with an arithmetic circuit particular with a multiplier. The multiplier is the most essential element used for approximate computing where the power consumption is majorly based on its performance. There are several researchers are worked on the approximate multiplier for power reduction for a few decades, but the design of low power approximate multiplier is not so easy. This seems a bigger challenge for digital industries to design an approximate multiplier with low power and minimum error rate with higher accuracy. To overcome these issues, the digital circuits are applied to the Deep Learning (DL) approaches for higher accuracy. In recent times, DL is the method that is used for higher learning and prediction accuracy in several fields. Therefore, the Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a popular time series DL method is used in this work for approximate computing. To provide an optimal solution, the LSTM is combined with a meta-heuristics Jellyfish search optimisation technique to design an input aware deep learning-based approximate multiplier (DLAM). In this work, the jelly optimised LSTM model is used to enhance the error metrics performance of the Approximate multiplier. The optimal hyperparameters of the LSTM model are identified by jelly search optimisation. This fine-tuning is used to obtain an optimal solution to perform an LSTM with higher accuracy. The proposed pre-trained LSTM model is used to generate approximate design libraries for the different truncation levels as a function of area, delay, power and error metrics. The experimental results on an 8-bit multiplier with an image processing application shows that the proposed approximate computing multiplier achieved a superior area and power reduction with very good results on error rates.     

Deep Learning Based Attack Detection for Cyber-Physical System Cybersecurity: A Survey

With the booming of cyber attacks and cyber criminals against cyber-physical systems(CPSs),detecting these attacks remains challenging.It might be the worst of times,but it might be the best of times because of opportunities brought by machine learning(ML),in particular deep learning(DL).In general,DL delivers superior performance to ML because of its layered setting and its effective algorithm for extract useful information from training data.DL models are adopted quickly to cyber attacks against CPS systems.In this survey,a holistic view of recently proposed DL solutions is provided to cyber attack detection in the CPS context.A six-step DL driven methodology is provided to summarize and analyze the surveyed literature for applying DL methods to detect cyber attacks against CPS systems.The methodology includes CPS scenario analysis,cyber attack identification,ML problem formulation,DL model customization,data acquisition for training,and performance evaluation.The reviewed works indicate great potential to detect cyber attacks against CPS through DL modules.Moreover,excellent performance is achieved partly because of several highquality datasets that are readily available for public use.Furthermore,challenges,opportunities,and research trends are pointed out for future research.     

Predictive accuracy comparison between neural networks and statistical regression for development effort of software projects

To get a better prediction of costs, schedule, and the risks of a software project, it is necessary to have a more accurate prediction of its development effort. Among the main prediction techniques are those based on mathematical models, such as statistical regressions or machine learning (ML). The ML models applied to predicting the development effort have mainly based their conclusions on the following weaknesses: (1) using an accuracy criterion which leads to asymmetry, (2) applying a validation method that causes a conclusion instability by randomly selecting the samples for training and testing the models, (3) omitting the explanation of how the parameters for the neural networks were determined, (4) generating conclusions from models that were not trained and tested from mutually exclusive data sets, (5) omitting an analysis of the dependence, variance and normality of data for selecting the suitable statistical test for comparing the accuracies among models, and (6) reporting results without showing a statistically significant difference. In this study, these six issues are addressed when comparing the prediction accuracy of a radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) with that of a regression statistical (the model most frequently compared with ML models), to feedforward multilayer perceptron (MLP, the most commonly used in the effort prediction of software projects), and to general regression neural network (GRNN, a RBFNN variant). The hypothesis tested is the following: the accuracy of effort prediction for RBFNN is statistically better than the accuracy obtained from a simple linear regression (SLR), MLP and GRNN when adjusted function points data, obtained from software projects, is used as the independent variable. Samples obtained from the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG) Release 11 related to new and enhanced projects were used. The models were trained and tested from a leave-one-out cross-validation method. The criteria for evaluating the models were based on Absolute Residuals and by a Friedman statistical test. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the accuracy among the four models for new projects, but not for enhanced projects. Regarding new projects, the accuracy for RBFNN was better than for a SLR at the 99% confidence level, whereas the MLP and GRNN were better than for a SLR at the 90% confidence level.     

Discovery and prediction capabilities in metal-based nanomaterials: An overview of the application of machine learning techniques and some recent advances

The application of machine learning (ML) techniques to metal-based nanomaterials has contributed greatly to understanding the interaction of nanoparticles, properties prediction, and new materials discovery. However, the prediction accuracy and efficiency of distinctive ML algorithms differ with different metal-based nanomaterials problems. This, alongside the high dimensionality and nonlinearity of available datasets in metal-based nanomaterials problems, makes it imperative to review recent advances in the implementation of ML techniques for these kinds of problems. In addition to understanding the applicability of different ML algorithms to various kinds of metal-based nanomaterials problems, it is hoped that this work will help facilitate understanding and promote interest in this emerging and less explored area of materials informatics. The scope of this review covers the introduction of metal-based nanomaterials, several techniques used in generating datasets for training ML models, feature engineering techniques used in nanomaterials-machine learning applications, and commonly applied ML algorithms. Then, we present the recent advances in ML applications to metal-based nanomaterials, with emphasis on the procedure and efficiency of algorithms used for such applications. In the concluding section, we identify the most common and efficient algorithms for distinctive property predictions. The common problems encountered in ML applications for metal-based nanoinformatics were mentioned. Finally, we propose suitable solutions and future outlooks for various challenges in metal-based nanoinformatics research.     

Forecasting Bank Failure: Base Learners,Ensembles and Hybrid Ensembles

The prediction of bankruptcy for financial companies, especially banks, has been extensively researched area and creditors, auditors, stockholders and senior managers are all interested in bank bankruptcy prediction. In this paper, three common machine learning models namely Logistic, J48 and Voted Perceptron are used as the base learners. In addition, an attribute-base ensemble learning method namely Random Subspaces and two instance-base ensemble learning methods namely Bagging and Multi-Boosting are employed to enhance the prediction accuracy of conventional machine learning models for bank failure prediction. The models are grouped in the following families of approaches: (i) conventional machine learning models, (ii) ensemble learning models and (iii) hybrid ensemble learning models. Experimental results indicate a clear outperformance of hybrid ensemble machine learning models over conventional base and ensemble models. These results indicate that hybrid ensemble learning models can be used as a reliable predicting model for bank failures.     

基于ResNet和注意力机制的花卉识别

花卉识别在生活中有重要的应用价值,传统的花卉识别方法存在识别准确率低、泛化能力较弱等问题。针对这些问题,本文提出一种加入注意力机制的ResNet34网络模型,在ResNet34第一层卷积层和各残差块后加入通道注意力机制、空间注意力机制,并使用迁移学习训练网络模型。实验表明,在花卉数据集上ResNet34比AlexNet、VGG-16、GoogLeNet识别准确率更高,加入注意力机制并使用迁移学习的ResNet34模型的识别准确率比原模型提高了6.1个百分点,比仅使用迁移学习的原模型提高了1.1个百分点。与传统深度学习模型相比,本文提出的模型显著地提高了识别准确率。     

Multisensor fusion-based digital twin for localized quality prediction in robotic laser-directed energy deposition

Early detection of defects, such as keyhole pores and cracks is crucial in laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) additive manufacturing (AM) to prevent build failures. However, the complex melt pool behaviour cannot be adequately captured by conventional single-modal process monitoring approaches. This study introduces a multisensor fusion-based digital twin (MFDT) for localized quality prediction in the robotic L-DED process. The data used in multisensor fusion includes features extracted from a coaxial melt pool vision camera, a microphone, and an off-axis short wavelength infrared thermal camera. The key novelty of this work is a spatiotemporal data fusion method that synchronizes multisensor features with the real-time robot motion data to achieve localized quality prediction. Optical microscope (OM) images of the printed part are used to locate defect-free and defective regions (i.e., cracks and keyhole pores), which serve as ground truth labels for training supervised machine learning (ML) models for quality prediction. The trained ML model is then used to generate a virtual quality map that registers quality prediction outcomes within the 3D volume of the printed part, thus eliminating the need of physical inspections by destructive methods. Experiments show that the virtual quality map closely matches the actual quality observed by OM. Compared to traditional single-sensor-based quality prediction, the MFDT has achieved a significantly higher quality prediction accuracy (96%), a higher ROC-AUC score (99%), and a lower false alarm rate (4.4%). As a result, the MFDT is a more reliable method for defect prediction. The proposed MFDT also lays the groundwork for our future development of a self-adaptive hybrid processing strategy that combines machining with AM for defect removal and quality improvement.     

Intelligent Smart Grid Stability Predictive Model for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems

A cyber physical energy system (CPES) involves a combination of processing, network, and physical processes. The smart grid plays a vital role in the CPES model where information technology (IT) can be related to the physical system. At the same time, the machine learning (ML) models find useful for the smart grids integrated into the CPES for effective decision making. Also, the smart grids using ML and deep learning (DL) models are anticipated to lessen the requirement of placing many power plants for electricity utilization. In this aspect, this study designs optimal multi-head attention based bidirectional long short term memory (OMHA-MBLSTM) technique for smart grid stability prediction in CPES. The proposed OMHA-MBLSTM technique involves three subprocesses such as pre-processing, prediction, and hyperparameter optimization. The OMHA-MBLSTM technique employs min-max normalization as a pre-processing step. Besides, the MBLSTM model is applied for the prediction of stability level of the smart grids in CPES. At the same time, the moth swarm algorithm (MHA) is utilized for optimally modifying the hyperparameters involved in the MBLSTM model. To ensure the enhanced outcomes of the OMHA-MBLSTM technique, a series of simulations were carried out and the results are inspected under several aspects. The experimental results pointed out the better outcomes of the OMHA-MBLSTM technique over the recent models.     

Physics-informed few-shot learning for wind pressure prediction of low-rise buildings

This research proposes a physics-informed few-shot learning model to predict the wind pressures on full-scale specimens based on scaled wind tunnel experiments. Existing machine learning approaches in the wind engineering domain are incapable of accurately extrapolating the prediction from scaled data to full-scale data. The model presented in this research, on the other hand, is capable of extrapolating prediction from large-scale or small-scale models to full-scale measurements. The proposed ML model combines a few-shot learning model with the existing physical knowledges in the design standards related to the zonal information. This physical information helps in clustering the few-shot learning model and improves prediction performance. Using the proposed techniques, the scaling issue observed in wind tunnel tests can be partially resolved. A low mean-squared error, mean absolute error, and a high coefficient of determination were observed when predicting the mean and standard deviation wind pressure coefficients of the full-scale dataset. In addition, the benefit of incorporating physical knowledge is verified by comparing the results with a baseline few-shot learning model. This method is the first of its type as it is the first time to extrapolate in wind performance prediction by combining prior physical knowledge with a few-shot learning model in the field of wind engineering. With the benefit of the few-shot learning model, only a low-resolution of the measuring tap configuration is required, and the reliance on physical wind tunnel experiments can be reduced. The physics-informed few-shot learning model is an efficient, robust, and accurate alternate solution to predicting wind pressures on full-scale structures based on various modeled scale experiments.     

Masked Face Recognition Using MobileNet V2 with Transfer Learning

Corona virus (COVID-19) is once in a life time calamity that has resulted in thousands of deaths and security concerns. People are using face masks on a regular basis to protect themselves and to help reduce corona virus transmission. During the on-going coronavirus outbreak, one of the major priorities for researchers is to discover effective solution. As important parts of the face are obscured, face identification and verification becomes exceedingly difficult. The suggested method is a transfer learning using MobileNet V2 based technology that uses deep feature such as feature extraction and deep learning model, to identify the problem of face masked identification. In the first stage, we are applying face mask detector to identify the face mask. Then, the proposed approach is applying to the datasets from Canadian Institute for Advanced Research10 (CIFAR10), Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology Database (MNIST), Real World Masked Face Recognition Database (RMFRD), and Stimulated Masked Face Recognition Database (SMFRD). The proposed model is achieving recognition accuracy 99.82% with proposed dataset. This article employs the four pre-programmed models VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50 and ResNet101. To extract the deep features of faces with VGG16 is achieving 99.30% accuracy, VGG19 is achieving 99.54% accuracy, ResNet50 is achieving 78.70% accuracy and ResNet101 is achieving 98.64% accuracy with own dataset. The comparative analysis shows, that our proposed model performs better result in all four previous existing models. The fundamental contribution of this study is to monitor with face mask and without face mask to decreases the pace of corona virus and to detect persons using wearing face masks.     

Multi-Variate vocal data analysis for Detection of Parkinson disease using Deep Learning

Neural Computing and Applications - Machine learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL) methods are differently implemented with various decision-making abilities. Particularly, the usage of ML and DL...     

Fault detection based on one-class deep learning for manufacturing applications limited to an imbalanced database

Despite extensive studies for the industrial applications of deep learning, its actual usage in manufacturing sites has been extremely restrained by the difficulty in obtaining sufficient industrial data, especially for production failure cases. In this study, we introduced a fault-detection module based on one-class deep learning for imbalanced industrial time-series data, which consists of three submodules, namely, time-series prediction based on deep learning, residual calculation, and one-class classification using one-class support vector machine and isolation forest. Four different networks were used for the time-series prediction: multilayer perception (MLP), residual network (ResNet), long–short-term memory (LSTM), and ResNet–LSTM, each trained with the one-class data having only the production success cases. We adopted the residuals of the deep-learning prediction as an elaborated feature for the construction of the one-class classification. We also tested the fault-detection module with the actual mass production data of a die-casting process. By adopting the features elaborated by the deep-learning time-series prediction, we showed that the total accuracy of the one-class classification significantly improved from 90.0% to 96.0%. Especially for its capability to detect production failures, the accuracy improved from 84.0% to 96.0%. The area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) also improved from 87.56% to 98.96%. ResNet showed the best performance for detecting production failures, whereas ResNet–LSTM produced better results for ensuring the production success. Our results suggest that the one-class deep learning is a promising approach for extracting important features from time-series data to realize a one-class fault-detection module.