各向异性散射梯度折射率介质层的热发射特性

将蒙特卡罗法和弯曲光线跟踪技术相结合,研究了各向异性散射性梯度折射率半透明介质层的发射特性,介质层具有镜反射半透明表面和漫射基底面．重点分析了散射反照率和散射相函数对介质层表观方向发射率和表观半球发射率的影响,结果表明对于线性折射率分布的介质层,当散射较为强烈时,表观半球发射率可随介质层光学厚度增大而减小,这种现象与以往研究的半透明体的情况有显著的不同．     

二维非线性梯度折射率介质的热辐射特性研究

发展了二维梯度折射率介质热辐射传递的数值求解方法,研究了非线性折射率介质的表观方向发射率.研究结果表明,采用本文方法计算二维梯度折射率介质的表观方向发射率,最大相对误差小于1.6%.通过研究发现,二维非线性梯度折射率介质的热辐射能够呈现非常明显的定向辐射的特征,我们定义这种现象为类相干发射.     

大气传输及目标反射对圆偏振光特性影响研究

主要对大气传输及目标反射对偏振光的特性影响进行研究,以蒙特卡罗方法为基础,采用斯托克斯-穆勒形式,依据Mie散射理论及偏振双向反射函数模型,追踪每个光子的偏振态变化,最后统计分析变化后偏振光的斯托克斯矢量和偏振信息。依据所建立的模型进行仿真,仿真结果表明,当能见度为23 km,距离为100 km,目标折射率为1.44+5.23i,表面粗糙度为0.1 mm时,大气传输对光偏振特性影响较小,而目标反射的影响较大,在接收端圆偏振光退偏为椭圆偏振光。     

梯度折射率半透明等温介质层的表观发射特性

将伪光源迭加法与光线分裂跟踪算法相结合,通过模拟计算介质的内部发射和辐射传递,研究了梯度折射率(GRIN)半透明介质层的表观发射特性.考虑折射率为线性分布的情况,计算分析了等温情况下不同参数介质层的表观方向发射率和半球发射率,并比较分析了离散层数对计算结果的影响.     

梯度折射率半透明等温介质层的表观发射特性

将伪光源迭加法与光线分裂跟踪算法相结合,通过模拟计算介质的内部发射和辐射传递,研究了梯度折射率（GRIN）半透明介质导层的表观发射特性,考虑折射率为线性分布的情况,计算分析了等温情况下不同参数介质层的表观方向发射率和半球发射率,并比较分析了离散层数对计算结果的影响。     

1维全息光子晶体的偏振特性

为了研究两种偏振光通过1维光子晶体的偏振特性,采用传输矩阵法做了相关计算,得到介质折射率、折射率调制的变化,在光正入射和倾斜入射时对不同偏振光的禁带都有影响的结果。结果表明,当光线正入射的时候,折射率和折射率调制的变化都不会影响禁带位置,折射率增大,禁带宽度减小;折射率调制增大,禁带宽度变大,正入射时p偏振、s偏振的禁带完全重合;当光线以一定的角度照射到介质表面上时,两种偏振态下禁带位置随折射率调制的增大移向低频,带的中心位置一样,禁带宽度变大。两种偏振态下禁带带宽随折射率的增大变窄,禁带中心移向低频,s偏振的带宽减小得更明显;介质厚度对不同偏振态下禁带没有任何影响。这为设计1维全息光子晶体偏振片提供了理论依据。     

多粒子散射的偏振传输特性分析

针对多因素影响下偏振光在散射介质中的一般传输特性,系统分析了入射光波长、介质厚度、粒子参数和入射光偏振态等物理属性对偏振光子传输特性的影响。采用蒙特卡罗方法,追踪每个光子的偏振态变化,通过统计分析偏振度变化曲线得到光经过多次散射后的斯托克斯矢量和偏振信息,并对偏振光在散射介质中的传输规律进行分析。仿真实验表明相对于波长比较大的粒子对入射光的偏振态改变较小;线偏振光能较好地保持自身偏振态;圆偏振光能够在较短时间内重新恢复自身偏振状态,粒子半径越大恢复能力越强,并且在向前传输的过程中其旋转方向会发生改变。     

对称结构光子晶体表面Tamm态的光学性质

利用传输矩阵理论和等效原理,从能级的角度研究对称结构光子晶体表面Tamm态的光学性质,结果表明:在有限排列周期结构光子晶体中,介质表面可支持表面Tamm态的存在,且轴向传播时通带中出现TM和TE偏振的能级简并现象,离轴传播时从通带边缘分离出来的非简并能级被局域于光子晶体表面而形成了光学Tamm态；表面Tamm态内存在很强的局域电场,而且局域电场在介质界面处分布最强；表面Tamm态内的能量输运,对于低折射率介质可正反两方向输运,且输运速度快,对于高折射率介质只能正向输运,且输运速度较慢,故在高折射率介质界面处形成很强的局域光场。对称结构光子晶体表面Tamm态光学性质可为光子晶体光波导和表面波传感器的研究和设计提供指导。     

负折射率半透明薄膜的热发射特性研究

根据传输矩阵法和基尔霍夫定律研究了负折射率薄膜的热发射特性.较为系统地考察了相关参数对热辐射s偏振波的影响.研究结果表明,负折射率材料的热发射率随角频率的变化呈现复杂的振荡现象.同时也发现,它的发射率峰值有时在远离法线的区域.     

基于复折射率的偏振模型及其应用

红外偏振成像技术近年来发展迅速,但偏振机理等方面的研究仍处于起步阶段.为深入研究红外辐射偏振特性的产生机理和影响因素,本文提出了一种基于复折射率的偏振模型.模型基于空气-光滑介质表面建立,适用于吸收性介质和非吸收性介质.偏振模型以介质的复折射率为参数,观测角为输入,可以输出红外辐射水平分量和垂直分量的反射率和发射率,也可以输出反射辐射和自发辐射单独作用时的偏振度.基于提出的模型,结合MATLAB仿真,文中分析了反射辐射和自发辐射偏振性的产生机制,以及反射辐射和自发辐射对目标偏振特性的影响.偏振模型的建立,有助于深入理解红外偏振,并为偏振探测提供理论支持.     

随机降雨层的电磁波矢量辐射传输分析

讨论了随机降雨层中的电磁波矢量辐射传输问题。根据一种具有两种降雨强度大小的随机降雨层模型,建立相应的矢量辐射传输方程,给出了一种求解方法。用Monte Carlo方法验证了该方法的正确性,讨论了随机降雨层和确定降雨层之间的区别和联系以及随机降雨层参数变化对结果的影响,最后讨论了随机介质和两种平均介质之间的关系。     

Underwater Wireless Optical Communication Channel Modeling and Performance Evaluation using Vector Radiative Transfer Theory

This paper presents the modeling of an underwater wireless optical communication channel using the vector radiative transfer theory. The vector radiative transfer equation captures the multiple scattering nature of natural water, and also includes the polarization behavior of light. Light propagation in an underwater environment encounters scattering effect creating dispersion which introduces inter-symbol-interference to the data communication. The attenuation effect further reduces the signal to noise ratio. Both scattering and absorption have adverse effects on underwater data communication. Using a channel model based on radiative transfer theory, we can quantify the scattering effect as a function of distance and bit rate by numerical Monte Carlo simulations. We also investigate the polarization behavior of light in the underwater environment, showing the significance of the cross-polarization component when the light encounters more scattering.     

灰霾型气溶胶粒子偏振特性研究

基于VLIDORT矢量辐射传输模型,应用灰霾型气溶胶的物理参量,计算了不同条件下的灰霾气溶胶偏振辐射特性,并与常用气溶胶模式下计算的偏振辐射进行分析对比,得到了灰霾气溶胶条件下偏振辐射对于几何位置、气溶胶光学厚度、气溶胶复折射指数、单次反照率、地表参数的敏感性。对于利用偏振辐射实现灰霾气溶胶监测以及气溶胶复折射指数与光学厚度反演提供了理论依据。     

Calculation of Mueller matrices and polarization signatures for aslab of random medium using vector radiative transfer

The Mueller matrix which characterizes a slab of random medium containing spherical particles is calculated by using the vector radiative transfer theory. The vector radiative transfer equation is solved for arbitrarily polarized incident waves. The background refractive index of the slab is allowed to be different from the surrounding media. The scattering specific intensities for four independent polarized incident waves are calculated and used to construct the Mueller matrix, which contains multiple scattering due to the randomly distributed particles governed by the vector radiative transfer theory. The calculated are found to be symmetrical, and there are eight nonvanishing matrix elements. Polarization signatures are obtained in the backscattering direction from the Mueller matrix of the reflection side     

Mueller matrix calculation for a slab of random medium with bothrandom rough surfaces and discrete particles

A model for a slab of random medium containing both random rough surfaces and discrete scatterers is presented in this paper. The refractive indices of the surrounding media are different from the background refractive index of the random medium. Kirchhoff rough surface theory is used to derive the transmittivity and reflectivity matrices for the scattering of electromagnetic waves from the rough surfaces. These matrices are used to determine a pair of boundary conditions for the vector radiative transfer equation. The multiple scattering due to the discrete scatterers is computed by solving the radiative transfer equation numerically, including the rough surface scattering effect. Mueller matrices characterizing the random medium are constructed from the scattered Stokes vectors due to four independent polarized incident waves. The Mueller matrices are found to have symmetrical properties, and there are eight nonvanishing matrix elements     

A 3-D polarized reversed Monte Carlo radiative transfer model for Millimeter and submillimeter passive remote sensing in cloudy atmospheres

This paper introduces a three-dimensional (3-D) polarized radiative transfer model that has been developed to assess the influence of cirrus clouds on radiances measured by the Earth Observing System Microwave Limb Sounder (EOS-MLS) instrument. EOS-MLS is on the Aura satellite, which launched in July 2004. The radiative transfer model uses a reversed Monte Carlo algorithm and has been incorporated in the Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator 1.1.x software package. The model will be used to study aspects of the scattering problem that are not considered in the existing operational EOS-MLS cloudy-sky forward model, including the influence of nonspherical, oriented hydrometeors, and 3-D inhomogeneous cloud structure. This paper presents the radiative transfer algorithm and example model results, which demonstrate significant 3-D and polarization effects. Although the development of this model was motivated by the EOS-MLS mission, it is also directly applicable to ground-based and down-looking geometries.     

Monte Carlo simulation of scattering from a layer of verticalcylinders

Electromagnetic scattering by a collection of randomly distributed vertical cylinders over a half-space dielectric is considered, using two approaches. In the first approach, a Monte Carlo simulation that takes into account scattering terms up to second order is used. Closed-form expressions for the second-order scattering terms are derived for cylinders that are in each other's near field. The second approach is based on the radiative transfer equations, which are solved by an iterative method up to and including the second-order terms. Radar backscatter measurements at X-band for a collection of metallic cylinders over a conducting ground plane are compared with the Monte Carlo and radiative transfer solutions. The data were acquired polarimetrically from 144 independent spots of the cylinder layer at incidence angles ranging from 20° to 60°. The simulation results agree well with the measured data and are used to check the validity of the radiative transfer results for a medium with large particles. It is shown that both the phase function computed for the cylinders and the extinction matrix of the layer are overestimated in the radiative transfer solution     

Monte Carlo Simulation of the Effect of Soil Moisture Variation on the Microwave Emission from Soils

In this paper, results of a Monte Carlo simulation of the effect of noise on the relationship between the microwave emissivity of soil and its moisture content are presented. It is found that whenever the magnitude of the noise for the independent variable, in this case the soil moisture, is increased, both the slope of the regression and the correlation coefficient decrease. In párticular, when the noise has a magnitude equivalent to a coefficient of variation of 0.25, the slope and correlation coefficient are in good agreement with those obtained from the data of a 21-cm airborne microwave radiometer which was flown over a test site in Hand County, South Dakota. The comparison was made using a linear relationship to determine the estimated emissivity from the ground measurements of soil moisture. The linear relationship was derived from a radiative transfer model calculation of the microwave emissivities using realistic soil-moisture profiles. The effect of surface roughness was included in the relationship, and the variability of the surface roughness was also simulated by a Monte Carlo technique.