共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 505 毫秒
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棱柱型弥散微封装燃料是将三重各向同性包覆(TRISO)燃料颗粒弥散于金属或陶瓷基体形成的颗粒增强复合燃料,具有良好的结构稳定性、裂变产物包容能力和辐照稳定性,是高温气冷堆中较具发展前景的燃料形式之一。本文提出将TRISO燃料颗粒弥散于SiC基体的棱柱型弥散微封装燃料设计方案,并基于有限元分析软件COMSOL建立了该燃料元件三维热流固耦合分析模型,初步实现了该燃料元件性能分析和优化设计。结果表明,棱柱型弥散微封装燃料元件的温度最大值位于燃料元件外侧,应力峰值位于冷却剂通道壁面,边距比为0.76~0.84、孔距比为0.68~0.75时燃料元件热应力最小。本文建立的棱柱型弥散微封装燃料性能分析方法和研究结论,可为后续该型气冷堆燃料元件设计提供指导和参考。 相似文献
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三向同性燃料(TRISO)颗粒是高温气冷堆元件和弥散微封装燃料最核心的组成部分,在反应堆运行过程中,TRISO颗粒在辐照-热-力多物理场的作用下发生变形、产生温度梯度及颗粒内部裂变产物扩散等行为,为研究TRISO颗粒在高温气冷堆环境下的堆内行为,本文通过设置边界条件,定义燃料材料物性模型,建立了辐照-热-力耦合作用下TRISO颗粒的多物理场计算方法,应用三维有限元平台对TRISO颗粒的堆内行为进行分析。结果表明,TRISO颗粒核芯温度随核芯功率增大而增大,但相应的温度梯度绝对值变化较小;颗粒中疏松热解碳层(Buffer层)与内致密热解碳(IPyC)层产生间隙,且寿期末间隙尺寸随核芯功率增大而降低;TRISO颗粒中IPyC层受到较大拉应力,而SiC层只有在较高的核芯功率下,才会受到拉应力,且最大拉应力随核芯功率增大而增大,这导致高核芯功率下SiC层的失效概率达到2.2×10-6。SiC层对110Ag、90Sr、137Cs等裂变产物具有优良的包容能力,在寿期末,SiC层以外几乎不存在裂变产物,这验证了T... 相似文献
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本文采用二维特征模型模拟不同无燃料区厚度全陶瓷微封装弥散(FCM)燃料的热力学行为,在保证堆芯装载要求的条件下,研究不同结构FCM燃料SiC基体和包覆燃料颗粒SiC层的应力状态。通过优化无燃料区厚度,调整TRISO颗粒间的间距,保证无燃料区和SiC层同时具有较低的应力水平。分析了无燃料区厚度为100 ~ 500 μm时基体SiC、无燃料区以及SiC层的应力分布,结果表明,基体SiC和SiC层最大应力随无燃料区厚度增大而增大,而无燃料区的最大应力则随其厚度增大而降低。当无燃料区厚度为400 μm时,无燃料区和SiC层均处于较低的应力状态,无燃料区SiC基体应力约为400 MPa,而SiC层的最大环向应力约为200 MPa,其失效概率约为2.5×10-4。因此,当无燃料区厚度为400 μm时,FCM燃料既能维持芯块结构完整,又能保证SiC层具有较低的失效概率。结构优化为FCM燃料的应用提供了基础。 相似文献
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石墨是建造高温气冷堆的主要材料,提高其抗氧化性能可以进一步改善高温气冷堆安全性.本文对利用化学气相反应法(CVR)在高温气冷堆燃料元件基体石墨上制备SiC涂层的工艺进行了探讨,利用XRD、Raman谱及SEM对制备的SiC涂层进行了分析.结果表明,可以获得单一β-SiC相的SiC涂层,涂层与基体之间具有良好的梯度过渡;但由于在涂层中存在一定的孔隙,仅用CVR制备的SiC涂层不能很好地改善石墨的抗氧化性能,将此方法和其他方法结合起来可以获得低成本的、均匀的SiC抗氧化涂层. 相似文献
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唐春和 《核标准计量与质量》2006,(3):2-12
经过二十多年的研究和发展,研制成功了具有我国自主知识产权的高温气冷堆燃料元件制造技术,为10MW高温气冷堆生产了产炉燃料元件.生产的燃料元件所有性能指标均满足设计要求,平均制造破损率为4.7×10-5,达到了世界先进水平.为了考验燃料元件在堆内正常工况和事故工况下的辐照性能,分别从第一和第二批产品中各取出两个燃料球进行了辐照考验.辐照试验在俄罗斯IVV-2M堆进行,最高燃耗和累积快中子通量分别达到了107000MWd/t(U)和1.31×1021n/cm2,辐照没有引起燃料元件中包覆燃料颗粒的破损.为了满足超高温气冷堆的运行要求,新的ZrC"TRISO"型颗粒燃料有可能代替传统的SiC "TRISO"型颗粒燃料. 相似文献
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《Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology》2013,50(9):781-783
In order to investigate fuel behavior under high burnup irradiation condition of high temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR), an irradiation test was performed. An irradiation was carried out as a part of a cooperative effort between the US DOE and the Japan Atomic Energy Research Institute. The fuel for the irradiation test was called high burnup fuel, whose target burnup and fast neutron fluence were higher than those of the first-loading fuel of the High Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR). In order to keep fuel integrity up to high burnup over 5%FIMA (% fission per initial metallic atom), thickness of buffer and SiC layers of fuel particle were increased. This report describes the fuel behavior under high burnup condition in the irradiation test. 相似文献
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Chunhe Tang Xiaoming Fu Junguo Zhu Tongxiang Liang Konstantin N. Koshcheyev Alexandre V. Kozlov Oleg G. Karlov Yu.G. Degaltsev Vladimir I. Vasiliev 《Nuclear Engineering and Design》2006,236(1):107-113
An irradiation test of four spherical fuel elements (SFE) had been performed in the Russian reactor IVV-2M. The elements were sampled randomly from the first and second product batches which were manufactured for the 10 MW high-temperature gas-cooled test reactor (HTR-10). The maximum burnup of the irradiated fuel elements reached 107,000 MWd/tU and the maximum fast neutron fluence was 1.31 × 1025 m−2. The release-to-birth rate ratio (R/B) did not increase significantly during irradiation. However, an in-pile heating-up test of element SFE 7 in Capsule 5 led to a failure of approximately 6% of the coated particles. After the test it was estimated that the fuel temperature had very likely been much higher than the intended 1600 °C. 相似文献
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TRISO型包覆燃料颗粒可将核裂变产生的气体、固体裂变产物束缚在燃料颗粒内部,是高温气冷堆安全性的重要保障。为满足未来超高温气冷堆在更高温度及更高燃耗条件下对燃料元件的要求,需对传统TRISO颗粒进行优化和改进。基于包覆颗粒的破损机制,设计了两种SiC基新型包覆颗粒,一种采用疏松SiC层替代疏松热解炭层,包覆层由内而外依次为疏松SiC层、内致密热解炭层、致密SiC层、外致密热解炭层;另一种为全SiC包覆结构,包覆层由内而外依次为内层疏松SiC层、SiC过渡层、外层致密SiC层。根据结构设计,采用流化床化学气相沉积法实验探索了疏松SiC的形成机制及包覆工艺条件,并利用SEM、XRD等进行材料分析,最终成功实现了两种新型包覆颗粒的大规模制备。更进一步,提出了全SiC基燃料元件的概念,并制备了球形和柱形全SiC基模拟燃料元件。 相似文献
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The thermal mechanical performance of the fully ceramics microencapsulated fuel (FCM) with different non-fuel part size was simulated using two-dimensional characteristic unit. When the fissile loading meet the requirements of the reactor core, the stress condition of SiC matrix and SiC layers were investigated for FCM pellets with different structures. Non-fuel parts and SiC layers suffered relative lower stress by optimizing FCM pellet structure and adjusting distance between different TRISO particles. The stress distribution of matrix, non-fuel part and SiC layer was discussed for the FCM pellets with non-fuel part size from 100 μm to 500 μm. The results indicate that, the maximum hoop stress of the matrix and SiC layer increased with the increasing of non-fuel part size, while the non-fuel parts exhibited crosscurrent. Non-fuel parts and SiC layer possessed lower stress when the non-fuel part was 400 μm. The stress of non-fuel part was about 400 MPa, and the maximum hoop stress of the SiC layers were about 200 MPa. The failure probability was 2.5×10-4. The structure integrity was maintained for the pellets with 400 μm non-fuel part, at the same time the failure probability SiC layer was low. Structural optimization is the basis for the application of FCM pellet. 相似文献
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反应堆系统发生瞬态工况时,冷却剂温度的瞬间大幅度变化会对燃料元件包壳结构完整性造成冲击,危及反应堆安全。本文以某压水堆3×3燃料组件为对象,采用流固热耦合方法对冷水事故下燃料组件的流动换热特性和燃料元件包壳温度、变形及应力进行了三维精细化模拟。结果表明:定位格架能够增强燃料棒表面的对流换热强度;包壳变形时向与刚凸接触的一侧折弯,向与弹簧接触的一侧凸起;包壳与定位格架接触部位的温度和最大等效应力随事故时间不断增大,且最大等效应力超过了包壳材料的屈服强度,将发生强度失效,影响其结构完整性。本文研究可为反应堆燃料元件包壳瞬态工况下的完整性评价提供借鉴。 相似文献
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In the BR2 helium loop at Mol, Belgium, a 12-pin test fuel element of gas-cooled fast breeder reactor (GCFR) design and materials will be irradiated at a 500 W/cm maximum pin rating and a 700°C maximum cladding temperature to a target burnup of 60 MWd/kg (extension to 100 MWd/kg is intended). The design of the test element and the loop is described in detail. To fabricate the test element, parts of the GCFR fuel development had to be anticipated. Preliminary out-of-pile testing was successfully performed, and irradiation is scheduled to start in early 1977 and will be completed between mid-1978 and mid-1979, depending on the final burnup objective. GCFR operating conditions will be completely simulated except for the full size of the fuel element and the fast neutron flux. In combination with out-of-pile performance testing of full-size dummy elements and fast flux experience from the liquid metal fast breeder reactor program, the helium loop irradiation is regarded as an adequate basis for the design of a fuel element for a GCFR demonstration plant serving as the final test bed. 相似文献