浅析铁路客站的新发展

随着城市的不断扩展,原来位于城市边缘的火车站已经成为城市中心区的一部分,成为城市中重要的城市节点.火车作为交通工具,也在经历了最初的辉煌和上世纪60年代汽车和飞机冲击下的没落之后重新得到肯定.新时代的火车站成为新的城市发展的标志性建筑.     

浪漫而纯净的建筑——湖南农业大学第十教学楼方案设计

当我们把手伸入自己外套口袋的时候总能发现一些小纸条,风景区的门票、一本书的发票、或是一张久远的设计草图。他们住往让人想起当时的情景,想起那～刻,那一个场景的生活往事。而实际上我们有关知识的记忆是在许许多多疑问中,许许多多的交流中产生的。校园建筑是否亦可以从记忆着手,用熟悉的语言创造出不一样的空间感受,表达出不一样的建筑个性？     

城市融于自然

城市向何处去?未来的城市将呈现出什么样的面貌?我们怀着未知的心里,不安地看着某些国家的城市发展,高速公路,立体交叉高架桥,如流的汽车,穿梭的人流,林立的摩天大楼仿佛在向人们     

建筑之心(旧建筑改造随想)

在每个人的内心深处,都有一些最美好的记忆,这些记忆往往和童年的生活有关。北京的孩子,可能会记得自家的四合院,门前那一棵大槐树;上海的孩子可能会记得在弄堂里玩耍的是隔壁小伙伴家的石库门;乡下的孩子会记得门前的小河淌水,后山的桃花满坞。而在我的记忆里面,夏夜有满天的星斗,比星光更明亮的是矿区高大的厂房里和塔架上闪耀的灯光;学校教室外的走廊、操场是我们游戏的天地;更快乐的是     

奔向远方——AEM 2006年会纪实

1、2006年11月5～7日,美国设备制造商协会(AEM)2006年会在美国佛罗里达半岛的大西洋岸边的度假胜地BOCA RATON举行.灿烂的阳光、轻拂的海风、无际的沙滩、玉立的棕榈树、水绿草青的球场……,宁静美丽的环境为会议营造了和谐的氛围.     

江苏近代园林几多中国之最

在1840-1949年的100多年间,江苏以其优越的自然条件,秀美的自然风光,丰厚的历史文化积淀,良好的经济发展区位,地处吸收外来文化的前沿,在优秀古代园林的基础上,其近代园林作为由古代园林向着现代园林演进的中期,因其历史赋予而展现出新的风貌,并构成多个中国之“最”。对中国近代园林的萌芽与发展,起着一定的前导作用。     

新世纪的建筑创作观——适用、经济、美观

当前的建筑学经过近30年的快速发展,已经由曾经的理论匮乏进入各种观点与形式眼花缭乱的时期,我们缺乏的不再是多样性,而是对于基本原理的回归,我们需要朴实的理论,深邃、宏大的哲理都需要落在实处,要深入到各个方面去.建国初期所提倡的建筑方针:实用、经济、美观,经过多年的检验,仍然是建筑发展的基本之点.     

博物馆进行时"博物馆设计之旅"研讨会实录

编者按:近年来,随着经济的发展,各地政府均投入大量的热情建设博物馆,而且随着相关法律条例的变动,民间资本也介入博物馆,私立博物馆如雨后春笋般崛起,中国正在经历建国后的第二波博物馆热,但方方面面的问题也随之突出,其中,设计与展示品之间的矛盾最为突出,因此就有了11月24臼在北京中国国家画院内的主题工作室举办的建筑师和艺术家的对话.     

用音乐演绎建筑——巴伐利亚迷你歌剧院

当我们谈到船,其他人想到船的残骸,然而我们思考的是风吹涨了的白色的帆。当我们谈到鹰,其他人想到鸟,然而我们谈论的是展翅翱翔的空间。当我们谈到黑色的美洲狮,其他人想到的是掠食动物,然而我们想到的是建筑中未被驯服的危险。当我们谈到鲸鱼,其他人想到的是30t的重量,我们不愿在一本百科全书中寻找建筑,我们的建筑能在思考移动中被找寻,更快于传递及掌握。——COOP HIMMELB(L)AU     

墙改成就蓬莱循环经济

蓬莱地处山东半岛北海岸，依山傍海，风景秀丽，素以“人间仙境”著称于世。汹涌澎湃的大海，蔚蓝的天空，绿色的葡萄树掩映丹崖红壤，还有以零星点缀在那一望无际的葡萄园的白墙红瓦的农舍和酒庄的欧式城堡建筑，绿水青山，被大海环抱的蓬莱是那样的艳丽迷人。为了保护蓬莱仙境的青山绿水、留住后人的良田肥地与迷人的仙境风光，近年来，一场倡导循环经济理念的“墙材改革”正在蓬莱悄悄进行。     

Untersuchungen zur Genauigkeit von magnetisch induktiven Betondeckungsmessungen

Assessment of the accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current devices The use of non‐destructive testing in civil‐engineering (NDT‐CE) is well established to assess as‐built drawings for existing structures as well as for quality assurance of new buildings or in case of concrete repair. To gain reliable results the choice of the appropriate testing method in combination with the correct data assessment is essential. Hence this article starts with the basics of the two typical testing methods for concrete cover measurement with high precision. Methods based on Eddy Current and based on Radar are different. The strengths and limitations of both methods are presented. In the second part the achievable accuracy of concrete cover measurements using Eddy Current will be assessed for the most important parameters that have been varied in a wide range. It is shown how results are influenced by an improper input of the diameter or by the effect of neighbored rebars. At the end of the article it is shown how the deviation of the results can be minimized using the internal neighboring rebar correction of some of the devices. This article does not intend to be a product test rather the influence parameters of measurements close to reality will be identified and quantified how the accuracy of concrete cover measurements is affected.     

基坑开挖对邻近任意角度建筑物影响的有限元分析

实测结果表明,邻近基坑的建筑物与基坑边互不垂直时,基坑开挖将导致墙体同时发生挠曲变形与扭转变形。三维有限元分析表明,对与基坑边成一定角度的建筑物,当其跨越坑外沉降槽最低点或沉降曲线上凸区域时,建筑物所产生的扭转变形最为显著。随着建筑物与基坑距离的变化和建筑物纵墙与基坑边之间夹角的变化,当建筑物位于天然地面沉降挠曲程度较大的位置时,建筑物的挠曲变形对墙体拉应变起主要作用,墙体最大拉应变发生在建筑物纵墙垂直于基坑边,即纵墙与基坑边相互垂直时是建筑物的最不利位置;而当建筑物位于天然地面挠曲程度较小的位置时,墙体的拉应变源于挠曲变形与扭转变形的共同作用,纵墙墙体的最大拉应变将发生在与基坑边成一定角度的建筑物纵墙上,此时纵墙与基坑边垂直并不是建筑物的最不利位置。     

ÖBB Steyrtalbrücke – Belastungsprobe und Langzeitmessungen

ÖBB Steyrtalbridge – Load test and long term measurements At km 65,621 of the railroad track between Linz and Selzthal the Steyrtalbridge was rebuilt in the years 2013 and 2014. The essential design criterion from the client ÖBB Infrastruktur AG was the endeavor of an optimized bridge under consideration of life‐cylce‐cost, which among other things despite a bridge length of 182 m can be designed without high‐maintenance breather switches. Based on the current standards and certain design flexibilities, which are allowed in the codes special ways and techniques were used to calculate the rail tension. With this results of the rail‐structure‐interaction it was possible to design without breather switches. As consequence of the assumptions in the planning process it was necessary to make comprehensive measurements which shall give information of the real behavior of the bridge and compare them with the assumptions and results of the static calculation. Therefor static and dynamic load test were performed before opening to regular traffic. In addition long term measurements were carried out to evaluate the load‐bearing behavior over time and to confirm the calculation approaches for the verification of the rail‐structure‐interaction. In this article the planning of the monitoringsystem, the implementation and results of the load test and the following long term measurements are illustrated.     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Beurteilung der Tragfähigkeit von geschädigten Stahlbetonbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse einer Bauwerksprüfung

Structural Reliability Assessment of Damaged Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from a Bridge Inspection The regular bridge inspection is of high importance for the reliable use of the infrastructure. This paper describes and explains a method with supports the engineers of a bridge inspection in the assessment of the damaged bridges during or directly after the inspection. Based on this initial estimate the urgent measures i.e. a lower permitted bridge class can still be carried out before more detailed inspections and calculations have been done. The reliability analyses for the damaged bridges are carried out using first order and second order reliability method (FORM and SORM). The probability of failure, p_f or the safety index, of the system respectively are the main results of the calculation procedure. This paper shows the approach and the application with an example. Particularly in the communal sector the method can be helpful, because it can not be assumed that in all cases the regular bridge inspections and the appropriate maintenance have been carried out.     

Bewertung einer alten genieteten Stahlbrücke – Die Bösebrücke in Berlin

Evaluation of an old riveted steel bridge – The Böse‐Bridge in Berlin, Germany. This report is about the recalculation of the Böse‐Bridge in Berlin which was built between 1912 and 1916. A special feature of this three‐bayed truss arch bridge is the nickel steel used in the main bay. Different models have been used to recalculate the main structure, the truss nodes and the carriageway slab. The static analysis is based on the semi‐probabilistic concept. As a result of this recalculation the construction was classified to have the bridge capacity 30‐30 according to DIN 1072. Finally, this report concludes by determining the remaining lifetime depending on the concept of the Wöhler curves.     

捕捉“光线”——解读葡萄牙“梅莉德斯周末住宅”

本文以阿雷斯·马特乌斯兄弟设计的梅莉德斯周末住宅的院子为线索,通过其与冈卡罗·伯内设计的“阿维罗大学的校长楼”进行比较,揭示了“光线”是其设计的核心。这为我们研究葡萄牙建筑提供了更为全面的视野。但更为重要的是,文章表明了类型学的方法论在中国大规模快速建造的今天更具现实意义。     

Feldversuche mit dem Brückenklappverfahren

Field Tests with the Balanced Lift Method As a counterpart to the lowering arch construction method the “balanced lift method” for bridge girders is suggested. The bridge girders can be built in combination with the pier using climbing forms in a vertical position. Therefore, during the production no bending stresses are generated in the girders. Thus, the balanced lift method allows lower costs and a shorter construction time than the traditional balanced cantilever method. The span of the bridge girders is reduced by the compression struts or tension ties which results in substantial savings in construction materials compared to the balanced cantilever method for bridge construction. The proposed method will be especially advantageous for bridges with high piers. The range of the span length for the application of the balanced lift method ranges between 50 m and 250 m.     

Entwicklung eines baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens zur Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken auf der Grundlage der Ergebnisse von Bauwerksüberprüfungen

Im vorliegenden Teil 2 des Beitrags wird die Entwicklung des baupraktischen Näherungsverfahrens für die Beurteilung der Zuverlässigkeit von Massivbrücken im Rahmen der RI‐EBW‐PRÜF vorgestellt. Wesentlicher Inhalt ist dabei die Modellierung der Modellunsicherheit Bauwerksprüfer, da die Bewertung der Mängel und Schäden an einem Brückenbauwerk durch den jeweiligen Bauwerksprüfer einen entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Zustandsbewertung hat. Zudem wird auf die Dimensionsanalyse von Grenzzustandsfunktionen näher eingegangen, da damit bei geschickter Normierung eine allgemein gültige Anwendung des Verfahrens erreicht werden kann. Die Anwendung des Verfahrens erfolgt mit einem Software‐Tool, das abschließend vorgestellt wird. In Teil 1 des Beitrags wurden die Grundlagen des Verfahrens sowie die Entwicklung der veränderten stochastischen Material‐ und Geometrieparameter infolge Schädigung behandelt. Development of an Approximation Procedure for a Structural Reliability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Bridges on the Basis of the Results from Bridge Inspection Part 2 of the paper shows the development of the approximation procedure for the reliability assessment of reinforced concrete bridges according to RI‐EBW‐PRÜF. An essential part of this is the development carried out by the model uncertainty bridge inspector, as the respective bridge inspector's individual assessment of the damage of a bridge has a decisive influence on the condition evaluation. Furthermore, the dimensional analyses of ultimate limit states are shown, as the general use of the developed methodology can be achieved with an ingenious standardization. The application of the procedure with the developed software tool is presented in conclusion. Part 1 of the two papers describes the basics of the methodology and shows the development of the stochastic models for the material and geometry parameters which have changed as a result of damage.     

Museumsinsel Berlin – Geotechnische Untersuchungen für die Grundinstandsetzung und Ergänzung des Pergamonmuseums

Museum Island in Berlin – Geotechnical investigations for the overhauling and completion of the Pergamon Museum. Overhauling the Pergamon Museum on the Museum Island in Berlin is a particularly complex task concerning geotechnics. On the one hand the substratum and ground water conditions in the area concerned are very inhomogeneous and on the other hand the Pergamon Museum and its neighbouring museums are especially valuable buildings worthy of protection. The initial target of the geotechnical investigation programme was to further safeguard the substratum and ground water conditions. Here systematic investigation of the substratum was carried out based on old historical drillings in order to enable the use of innovative special civil and underground engineering procedures. Furthermore it was necessary to investigate the foundation situation of the existing buildings. The planning objective is the technical and cost‐effectively optimized choice of the required geotechnical measures for the intended overhaul and refurbishment of the Pergamon Museum.