面向侦察机器人的气动弹跳机构建模与分析

为提高侦察机器人的运动和生存能力,本文将弹跳运动与轮式运动相结合,建立了一种新型侦察机器 人．本文以一种新颖的气动弹跳机构实现了机器人的弹跳运动,介绍了气动弹跳机构的特性,推导了气动弹跳过程 中各耦合参量之间的关系,分析了弹跳高度的影响因素,并进一步提出调整换向气阀开关时间从而控制机器人弹跳 高度的控制方案．最后,对所设计的气动弹跳机器人进行了越障分析和实验验证．结果表明了该侦察机器人气动弹 跳机构的合理性和实用性．     

星面探测仿生弹跳机器人设计、仿真及实验

基于袋鼠的跳跃运动机理和齿轮—五杆组合机构,设计了一种用于星面探测的小型间歇式弹跳机器 人．提出了仿袋鼠结构、运动形态及产生非线性弹跳动力的闭链机构的弹跳模型．采用D-H 法建立了机器人运动方 程,并对其跳跃运动步态、仿生运动特性和弹跳效率进行了分析,给出了该机器人设计的整体结构．运用ADAMS 软件对机器人进行动力学建模与全过程运动仿真,验证了该闭链仿生弹跳机构及其运动的有效性,较大幅度提高了 弹跳机构对能量的利用率,其效率可达70%,避免了弹跳机器人提前起跳．最后设计制作了弹跳机器人原理样机, 并进行跳跃试验．试验结果表明：样机试验与仿真结果基本是一致的;1.4 kg 的弹跳机器人跳远度为813 mm,跳高 度为471 mm,从而解决了利用微小电机驱动机器人实现弹跳运动的问题．     

折叠翼弹跳机器人机构设计及运动性能分析

为提高弹跳机器人的弹跳性能,解决弹跳机器人姿态调节和弹跳距离的问题,设计一种折叠翼弹跳机器人.通过调节多链弹跳机构的空间开链机构姿态实现对机器人弹跳朝向和起跳角的控制,研究折叠翼的滑翔下落特性增加机器人的弹跳距离.进行了姿态调整仿真和运动轨迹仿真,并在研制的折叠翼弹跳机器人样机上进行了弹跳运动实验.结果该样机显示出较高的弹跳性能.当起跳角度为80?时,弹跳高度约为0.98 m.当起跳角度为60?时,弹跳距离约为3 m,弹跳距离约为对比试验中无折叠翼弹跳机器人的1.7倍,但弹跳高度略低于无折叠翼弹跳机器人.折叠翼弹跳机器人具有良好的弹跳性能,能够完成地面上任何姿态的弹跳运动.     

跳跑式微型弹跳机器人的设计与实现

微型弹跳机器人在不规则环境中作业如地震救灾中有着特殊重要作用.设计了一种新颖的跳跑式微型弹跳机器人,提出了一种实用有效的储能-驱动机构.储能-驱动机构以舵机为驱动器,带动不完全齿轮,齿轮拉动钢丝绳作用于弹簧钢片来实现机器人的储能-弹跳.机器人通过电机驱动小车轮实现快速跑动.详细介绍了整个机器人的机械结构设计以及弹跳运动和跑动运动的实现.经测试,该机器人的弹跳运动灵活,与轮式快速跑动结合,提高了适应环境的能力和运动效率.该机器人结构简单、易于控制、稳定可靠,具有良好的应用前景.     

虚拟仿真平台下弹跳机器人模型的设计和实现

针对目前国内外对弹跳机器人灵活性的要求越来越高,以3ds Max 2013和VRML为基础,采用Microsoft Visual C++2012作为开发环境,构建了形象生动的弹跳机器人模型,结果表明,该弹跳机器人实现了行走、跳跃、弹跳等功能,并能实时与虚拟场景进行动态交互,使操作者产生身临其境的感觉,从而使弹跳机器人的交互过程更加快速、方便和直观。     

可跳跃式移动机器人机构设计及实现

构建了一个具有跳跃能力的移动式机器人．机器人在较平坦地形下采用轮式移动方式前行；遇到障碍物或沟渠时，可以进行跳跃，从而扩大运动范围．介绍了机器人机械系统的总体结构，给出了机器人的本体结构及起跳姿态，并分析了机器人的运动过程．然后，详细分析了机器人的跳跃机构、跳跃参数调节机构、倾覆翻转机构等关键机构的工作原理，给出了机构设计方案．最后，根据总体设计要求选定了机器人的一些关键参数．     

柔性机器人的控制

柔性机器人的控制周其节，徐建闽（华南理工大学自动控制系·广州，５１０６４１）一些应用领域要求机器人耗能低、快速和重量小，因而机构要设计得轻巧．如果对机器人运动的性能要求较高，则在设计控制器时必须考虑机械在运动中的弹性变形．近年来柔性机器人的控制问题已...     

燃爆直线型弹跳驱动器分析与试验

为精确控制采用燃爆直线型驱动器(combustion powered linear actuator,CPLA)的弹跳机器人,对影响CPLA驱动弹跳性能的因素进行了分析.首先根据CPLA的工作过程建立了CPLA的动力学模型,得到性能参数;然后试验分析氧化剂一氧化二氮(N2O)与燃料丙烷(C3H8)摩尔比、两者的充气压力对CPLA输出性能的影响.试验结果显示:影响确实存在,当摩尔比为9.91时,CPLA驱动弹跳高度最高,质量3.17 kg弹跳机构弹跳高度为3.2 m,CPLA能量利用率8.4%,弹跳效率7.01%.CPLA在驱动弹跳过程中输出很高的平均功率,并且具有很大的功率质量比.     

双足步行机器人的ZMP-CoP检测及研究

ZMP(零力矩点）和CoP(压力中心)是评价双足步行机构行走稳定性的重要参数．本文在研究了ZMP和CoP两者关系的基础上，根据THBIP-I仿人机器人基于ZMP理论的姿态调整要求和六维力/力矩传感器的安装位置，推导了适用于双足机器人的CoP计算公式，建立了采用六维力/力矩传感器的CoP检测系统．进行了THBIP-I仿人机器人行走过程的实际CoP检测实验，并对实验结果进行了讨论．实验证明了该系统的准确性.     

四足仿生机器人单腿系统

为实现四足仿生机器人动步态行走,设计一款基于液压驱动方式的机器人仿生单腿系统.首先,在四足哺乳动物肌肉-骨骼结构分析的基础上,确定了机器人单腿的自由度配置;其次,通过机器人在平坦路面上的行走运动仿真,获得关节输出特性;随后,在仿真研究的基础上,完成了关节驱动机构设计、液压驱动器选型、4自由度单腿设计以及控制系统设计;最后,搭建单腿子系统性能测试平台,并完成了单腿纵向弹跳实验.弹跳实验验证了机械结构和控制系统设计的正确性和相关控制算法的有效性.     

微小型跳跃机器人:仿生原理,设计方法与驱动技术

高爆发性的跳跃是生物亿万年进化演变中赖以生存的关键之一,帮助生物实现在各种非结构化环境下的灵活运动功能.通过对生物跳跃机制的深入理解,微小型跳跃机器人在功能及性能上取得长足进步.本文以生物跳跃运动四个阶段(准备、起跳、腾空和着陆)为主线,剖析了生物的行为原理,介绍了对应的微小型跳跃机器人的动力学特征与技术,归纳了现有研究的挑战,最后讨论了跳跃机器人的未来发展趋势和潜在研究价值.     

Landing control for a jumping machine

The purpose of this research was to make a jumping machine jump over a big obstacle or a ditch. We plan to do fundamental research to (1) make the jumping machine jump as high as possible, (2) control the direction of the jumping, (3) control the attitude of the machine in the air, and (4) make it land softly. In this paper the method of making the jumping machine land softly is described. The optimum soft landing of the jumping machine is defined as follows: ? First, the impulse which the jumping machine receives from the ground should be minimized. ? Second, the maximum force which it receives from the ground should be minimized. We apply this test to the jumping machine when it lands and test the validity of the soft landing by experiment.     

基于加速度映射的跳跃机器人稳定性控制

针对腿式机器人,讨论了腿式机器人稳定性控制与稳定性判定准则,基于稳定约束条件零力矩点(ZMP),提出一种干扰下的动态稳定性控制方法.落地冲击是跳跃机器人必须考虑的外干扰.所提出的稳定性控制方法是基于驱动性能约束下腿式跳跃机器人的动态平衡,运用ZMP平面加速度正交映射方法,进行地面冲击力干扰下的稳定性控制,在满足轨迹跟踪的同时保证了系统的动态平衡性.跳跃运动过程中的仿真结果表明,该方法是一种有效可行的腿式机器人抗干扰控制策略.     

Development of Biped Robot MARI-3 for Jumping

A biped robot, MARI-3, for jumping is developed, of which the ultimate objective is fast walking and running. Its mechanical structure including the joint configuration and specification, the knee joint, and the speed reduction mechanism are described in detail. A specific control system RON (RObot Network) for MARI-3 that is a serial and distributed network and consists of a microcontroller, host unit, servo units, sensor units and servo amplifiers is presented as well as the sensor system. With the developed biped robot MARI-3, one-leg jumping of 110 ms jumping time and 4.0 cm jumping height was implemented as initiative and verification experiments. Furthermore, by comparison of MARI-3 with other jumping or running robots, MARI-3's potential ability for fast walking, jumping and running becomes clear.     

Design of an shape memory alloy-actuated biomimetic mobile robot with the jumping gait

This paper reports the design, simulation, analysis, and experiments of mesoscale fourlegged robots that can locomote by a jumping gait using only shape memory alloy (SMA) wires as actuators. Through studies of the structure and function of leg muscle groups in vertebrates’ lower musculoskeletal system, three types of muscles are selected for robot leg design, and each muscle is then replaced by an SMA wire in the robot model. Two types of robot models are proposed and analyzed using three sets of computer simulation. It can be concluded from the simulation that the sequence of SMA muscle activation, activation arrangement of the rear and the front legs, and the foot length are primary factors determining the jumping performance. It is observed that when the robot has three degrees of freedom for each leg and a foot length of 40 mm, the maximum jumping height is approximately 120% of the robot’s height and the maximum distance per jump is about 35% of its length. In addition, two robot prototypes are presented based on the design models and experimental results. The simulation and experimental results are found to show good agreement. The overall results show that the proposed robot design and SMA actuation method are feasible for all SMA-driven jumping robots.     

Modelling the dynamics of industrial robots for milling operations

Using industrial robots as machine tools is targeted by many industries for their lower cost and larger workspace. Nevertheless, performance of industrial robots is limited due to their mechanical structure involving rotational joints with a lower stiffness. As a consequence, vibration instabilities, known as chatter, are more likely to appear in industrial robots than in conventional machine tools. Commonly, chatter is avoided by using stability lobe diagrams to determine the stable combinations of axial depth of cut and spindle speed. Although the computation of stability lobes in conventional machine tools is a well-studied subject, developing them in robotic milling is challenging because of the lack of accurate multi-body dynamics models involving joint compliance able of predicting the posture-dependent dynamics of the robot. In this paper, two multi-body dynamics models of articulated industrial robots suitable for machining applications are presented. The link and rotor inertias along with the joint stiffness and damping parameters of the developed models are identified using a combination of multiple-input multiple-output identification approach, computer-aided design model of the robot, and experimental modal analysis. The performance of the developed models in predicting posture-dependent dynamics of a KUKA KR90 R3100 robotic arm is studied experimentally.     

Expert system to match robots and to synchronize their operations to pick and place large parts

The operation of pick and place large parts is a very common operation on the manufacturing floor. The efficiency of the pick and place operation affects the efficiency of the entire manufacturing floor. Large parts in terms of this research are parts which must be transported by two robots.This paper concludes the development of an expert system and a numerical simulation to assign two available robots to perform the pick and place operations of large parts.The developed expert system consists of a knowledge-base structured in interrelated frames to define large manufacturing systems and an inference-engine to perform the robots matching and their performances monitoring. Matching robots considerations can not be performed by numerical algorithms in real time systems, because they are major computation time consumers. Therefore, unmatched robots can be assigned by the numerical algorithms to perform inefficient pick and place operations. The expert system and the numerical simulation were programmed, and many computer runs were performed to explore the efficiency of the two systems in a large variety of manufacturing systems.The achieved results show that the expert system has no advantage in assigning matched robots to perform the pick and place operations in systems characterized by very short machine process times (0.5 moment to 1 moment). If such short machine process times are relevant, the knowledge-base is updated very frequently, and the inference-engine reasoning processes can not be initiated. For longer machine process times, the frequency of knowledge-base changes is reduced, and the inference-engine reasoning processes can be initiated without delays. Therefore, the advantages of the expert system become significant if machine process times are extended.     

异质多移动机器人协同技术研究的进展

随着移动机器人应用的领域和范围的不断扩展，多移动机器人由于其单个机器人无法比拟的优越性已经越来越受到重视．从体系结构、协作与协调、协作环境感知与定位、重构及机器学习几个重要课题对多移动机器人协同技术进行了综述，尤其侧重于各种技术如何处理和包容团队中的异质性，并分析了本领域中的研究难点问题，最后展望了异质多移动机器人研究的前景与发展趋势．