激光熔覆制备颗粒增强Ni基复合涂层的组织结构

利用横流CO2激光器在45钢表面制备出原位自生TiB2陶瓷颗粒增强Ni基复合材料涂层。XRD分析表明,涂层中存在γ-(Ni,Fe)固溶体及TiB2为主的陶瓷相。利用SEM、EDS、EPMA对涂层微区组织结构进行研究。结果表明,涂层内枝晶组织细小均匀,枝晶内和枝晶间存在明显的组织和成分差异。热影响区是以混合马氏体为主的组织。涂层显微硬度比基体显著提高。     

激光熔覆原位析出增强颗粒热力学及显微组织研究

把理论与试验相结合,通过热力学理论计算,选择出合理的激光熔覆涂层体系,利用横流CO2激光器在铜合金表面激光熔覆Ni基复合材料涂层,原位自生陶瓷颗粒增强相.通过对激光熔覆涂层反应体系△GT的计算及XRD分析得知:TiB增强颗粒可以原位生成.利用OM、SEM和显微硬度计,分析测定涂层的显微组织形貌和截面显微硬度分布情况.结果表明:熔覆层与基体具有良好的结合界面,涂层内枝晶组织细小均匀.熔覆层平均显微硬度比基体显著提高,约为基体平均硬度值的3倍.     

钛合金表面等离子弧熔覆原位自生镍基耐磨涂层的制备及微观结构表征

目的 在钛合金表面制备陶瓷相增强复合耐磨涂层。方法 采用等离子弧熔覆技术,在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面制备了原位自生TiB2、TiC、CrB陶瓷相增强镍基耐磨涂层。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪检测了涂层的物相组成、组织组织以及微区化学成分,采用显微硬度计测试了涂层的硬度。结果 涂层靠近熔合线区域由Ni-Ti树枝晶及枝晶间的共晶组成,在涂层的中上部,大量原位增强相分布于镍基固溶体基体之中。在熔覆过程中,钛合金基材中的Ti元素同熔覆粉末中的B、C元素发生原位冶金反应形成TiB2、TiC增强相,CrB增强相为Ni基熔覆粉末中Cr、B元素反应形成,增强相的形态由各自的晶体结构及熔池凝固热力学与动力学条件决定。涂层的显微硬度得到显著提高,最高达1037HV0.2。结论 采用等离子弧熔覆技术,利用熔池内Ni-Cr-Ti-B-C合金体系的原位冶金反应,可以在钛合金表面制备原位自生TiB2、TiC、CrB增强镍基复合耐磨涂层。同Ti6Al4V基材相比,由于涂层具有大量增强相分布于镍基固溶体的组织特征,其显微硬度得到了显著提高。     

TiB2对Ni基合金激光熔覆层组织与性能的影响

采用5 kW CO2激光器在低碳钢表面熔覆Ni基合金层及TiB2/Ni基合金金属陶瓷涂层,研究了两种涂层的组织、显微硬度以及滑动磨损特性.结果表明,Ni基合金层主要组成相为γ-(Ni,Fe),Cr23C6等,TiB2/Ni基合金复合涂层组成相主要有γ-(Ni,Fe),Ni3B,TiB2和TiC等;Ni基合金层由发达γ-(Ni,Fe)枝晶和其间共晶组织所组成,TiB2/Ni基合金复合涂层典型组织为等轴固溶体以及其间细小共晶组织;TiB2对熔覆层的组织有显著的影响,使熔覆层组织细化,并由树枝晶转变为等轴晶;加入TiB2可显著提高Ni基合金涂层的显微硬度及耐磨性能.     

激光熔覆TiC金属基陶瓷涂层的研究

采用自动送粉模式在碳钢表面原位激光熔覆TiC金属基陶瓷涂层.测试了涂层的温度场并模拟计算了光斑能量分布.用XRD表征了粉末和涂层的物相,用SEM分析了涂层表面和横截面的显微组织.研究表明光斑直径大小对熔覆涂层温度分布和涂层微观结构、性能的影响显著.当光斑直径为2.8mm时,能量分布为“尖顶帽状”模式,涂层为均匀的枝晶组织且致密,其显微硬度最高可以达到1 280HV.     

激光熔覆TiC金属基陶瓷涂层的研究

采用自动送粉模式在碳钢表面原位激光熔覆TiC金属基陶瓷涂层。测试了涂层的温度场并模拟计算了光斑能量分布。用XRD表征了粉末和涂层的物相,用SEM分析了涂层表面和横截面的显微组织。研究表明光斑直径大小对熔覆涂层温度分布和涂层微观结构、性能的影响显著。当光斑直径为2.8mm时,能量分布为“尖顶帽状”模式,涂层为均匀的枝晶组织且致密,其显微硬度最高可以达到1280HV。     

氩弧反应熔覆TiC／Ni复合涂层的组织与性能研究

利用氩弧熔覆技术，以Ni60自熔合金粉、钛粉和石墨粉为原料，在45#钢表面原位反应合成了以TiC颗粒为增强相的Ni基复合涂层。利用金相、SEM、XRD等技术分析了涂层的显微组织，利用显微硬度仪测试了熔覆层显微硬度，用自制磨损试验机对比了熔覆层与淬火回火65Mn钢的耐磨性。结果表明，熔覆层成形良好，无裂纹、气孔等缺陷，与基体呈冶金结合；熔覆层的组织为γ—Ni奥氏体枝晶、CrB、TiB2、Cr23C6、Fe23C6及反应合成的弥散分布的球状TiC陶瓷颗粒；熔覆层显微硬度呈梯度分布，且越靠近基体表面，硬度越低；熔覆层具有优良的耐磨性能。     

合金元素对铁基激光熔覆涂层显微组织和相结构形态的影响

利用CO2激光在45钢表面熔覆制备铁基合金涂层,研究4种合金元素对改变涂层组织形态以及枝晶间碳化物形状的影响规律.结果表明,随着V,Nb,Ti元素和稀土氧化物CeO的依次加入,熔覆涂层原柱状晶形态逐渐改变为柱状树枝晶,最后转变为无明显柱状晶方向性的树枝晶;在激光熔覆涂层中,同时添加V,Nb元素,涂层枝晶间的连续长条状碳化物被打断成块状;同时添加V,Nb,Ti元素和稀土氧化物CeO,涂层枝晶间的碳化物被球化.通过改善涂层树枝晶组织形态以及球化枝晶间碳化物,涂层的抗拉强度和断后伸长率明显提高,涂层的强韧性显著增加.     

高速电弧喷涂Fe-TiB2/Al2O3复合涂层的组织及性能

采用低碳钢包覆0～70%TiB2/Al2O3硬质相的粉芯丝材和高速电弧喷涂(HVAS)原位合成MMC涂层,分析和测试了涂层的组织、相组成及耐磨粒磨损性能.结果表明:涂层的性能由其组织和相组成决定,HVAS的非平衡制造过程在涂层中形成多种相:在Fe基固溶体上存在TiB2、Al2O3、FexB及少量的金属间化合物AlFe3和NiAl;随着TiB2及Al2O3在涂层中体积分数的增加,涂层的耐磨粒磨损性能明显提高,磨损质量损失随陶瓷相体积分数的增加呈线性减少;添加合金元素Ni和Al可降低孔隙率,增加涂层耐磨性.使用HVAS方法制备了含TiB2的高性能耐磨复合陶瓷涂层.     

钛合金表面自润滑陶瓷涂层的组织及耐磨性能研究

目的 研究不同成分体系自润滑陶瓷涂层的耐磨性能。方法 采用激光表面合金化技术,通过预置B4C和石墨混合合金化粉末的方式,在Ti-6Al-4V合金表面制备具有自润滑功能的TiB2-TiC陶瓷涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜+能谱仪、维氏硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机分别分析涂层物相、组织结构、微区成分、硬度以及摩擦学特性。结果 TiB2-TiC自润滑陶瓷涂层无裂纹、孔洞等凝固缺陷,并与基体形成典型的冶金结合。涂层由原位生成的TiB2和TiC以及残留的B4C和石墨等物相组成。涂层表层由粗大、相互联结的TiB2-TiC联生共晶组织组成;中部和下部则由板片状、四边形、针状的TiB2,弥散的TiB2-TiC联生共晶组织以及树枝状和颗粒状TiC等组成。由于多相陶瓷的协同作用,涂层的最高硬度可达2167HV,其平均硬度为基体的4.7~5.3倍。由于陶瓷较高的硬度和残留石墨良好的润滑性,涂层的摩擦系数和磨损率分别仅为基体的2/5~1/2和1/20.1~1/25.7。原始合金粉末B4C∶C=2∶1（摩尔比）的涂层（2-1涂层）具有最低的体积磨损率。结论 TiB2-TiC自润滑陶瓷涂层具有良好的减摩和耐磨性能。由于高的硬度和良好的减摩性,2-1涂层具有最好的抗磨损性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

Structural Optimization of Electromagnetic Swirling Flow in Nozzle of Slab Continuous Casting

During the slab continuous casting process, the flow field of molten steel in the mold plays a decisive role in the quality of the slab. In this paper, electromagnetic swirling flow in nozzle technology is proposed to control the flow field in mold.This technology can drive molten steel to rotate inside the submerged entry nozzle by electromagnetic force, thereby controlling the flow field. This research shows that it can reduce the impact of molten steel on the bottom of nozzle and partly reduce the negative pressure at the upper part of nozzle outlet which is even eliminated by optimizing the structure and angle of nozzle. The area of heat flux of the mold wall becomes larger, and the crest value of heat flux gets lower than that without swirling in nozzle and any nozzle optimization. The meniscus fluctuates smoothly, and the flow velocity at the top surface is within a reasonable range. The temperature field distribution in the mold is uniform which was beneficial to the growth of equiaxed crystal and decreased element segregation.