浅谈轻型木结构在住宅建筑中的应用

本文介绍轻型木结构体系,论述了轻型木结构住宅建筑的优点和发展现状,分析了其在中国的前景,并提出有必要在中国适当发展轻型木结构住宅。     

上海碧云别墅采用的加拿大轻型木结构施工技术

基于从北美地区全套引进的加拿大轻型木结构住宅,结合上海地区的地理、气候、环境等特点,通过工程实例,介绍了此种轻型木结构的钉连接方式、外墙通风排水空腔构造、坡屋面安全施工、吊挂式门窗安装等关键技术措施,指出轻型木结构住宅在设计与施工中具有独特的技术特点,以期对上海乃至沿海地区轻型木结构住宅施工起一定的借鉴参考作用。     

轻型木结构住宅的施工要点

轻型木结构住宅，具有节能、环保、抗震和建筑材料可再生性等特点。以南京市江宁某小区别墅为例，通过施工实践，介绍了轻型木结构住宅的施工要点。     

北美"轻型木结构"住宅建筑的特点

“轻型木结构”是北美住宅建筑的主要结构形式。本文介绍了这种结构形式在经济性能、施工安装等方面的优点,阐述了其屋面、墙体及楼面等结构体系的特点和构造方法,介绍了结构传力体系、主要采用的设计方法、防腐防火处理等,以期对中国“轻型木结构”住宅的建设起到一定的积极作用。     

谈现代木结构住宅的结构体系与发展前景

阐述了现代木结构住宅的分类方式,从普通木结构、轻型木结构、胶合木结构方面,介绍了木结构建筑的结构体系,并阐明了木结构住宅在我国的发展前景,指出木结构建筑可适应节能、减排、节材的市场发展要求,值得推广应用。     

轻型木结构工业化住宅内装模块化研究及应用

介绍轻型木结构住宅内装模块化发展的概况以及其一般做法,并通过苏州皇家住宅内装做法和工程应用的介绍,进一步阐述轻型木结构工业化住宅的内装模块化。     

东北林区村镇轻型木结构住宅的适应性设计

我国村镇林区原木资源丰富,地广人稀,适宜轻型木结构住宅的广泛建设,但东北严寒地区的特殊环境对轻型木结构住宅在可持续性、舒适性和经济性等方面都提出了更高的要求。研究主要从节能、耐久、节材3个方面探讨村镇轻型木结构住宅对东北寒地林区特殊环境的适应性设计策略,进一步展开分析几种针对寒地林区的保温节能、防风防雪以及高效节材的方法,并总结了近年来与之相关的前沿技术,加以归纳和梳理,以求使村镇轻型木结构住宅在未来发展中能更好地适应寒地林区环境,得到广泛的普及。     

轻型木结构住宅设计与施工

文章介绍轻型木结构住宅的工程概况，并详细阐述其结合成都地区的地理、气候特点采用的施工技术新特点，指出了此种轻型木结构住宅在防腐、防蚁、防火、空间稳定方面的独特设计.     

轻型钢结构和轻型木结构住宅体系对比分析

本介绍了什么是轻型钢结构和轻型木结构住宅体系及其发展历史，并从技术性能、经济效益、社会效益、节能环保和可持续发展等诸多方面对这两种体系进行了对比分析，结合中国国情和现阶段行业发展状况提出了在中国推广这两种住宅体系的意义。     

轻型木结构建筑节点与抗震性能研究综述

文章简述了轻型木结构的发展过程,着重介绍了轻型木结构性能研究的最新进展,指出节点连接材料及其性能是今后轻型木结构研究的重点内容。通过对轻型木结构抗震性能的研究,对轻型木结构建筑的关键问题进行分析与总结,并对其未来的发展提出建议。     

The influence of the joint between the basement wall and the wood-frame wall on the airtightness of wood-frame houses

An airtight building envelope is crucial to achieve energy efficient buildings. The Norwegian airtightness requirements have become stricter, leading to an increased interest in methods for ensuring airtight building envelopes.The joint between the basement wall and the wood-frame wall is known to be a typical air leakage path. Using laboratory measurements and a statistical experimental design the influence of the 3 factors flatness of the basement wall, the sealing method used in the joint and the load between the wood-frame wall and the basement wall is investigated. The influence of this air leakage on real wood-frame houses is also estimated.The results show that the flatness of the basement wall top surface has a considerable influence on the air leakage, a flatter surface generally leading to less air leakage. The sealing materials have widely differing airtightness properties. The least airtight sealing materials, which also are the non-malleable ones, turn out to be sensitive to the flatness of the basement wall and the load on the wall. The estimates of the influence of the air leakage on real wood-frame houses show that the least flat surfaces should be avoided for the non-malleable sealing materials. It is also seen that if the least favourable sealing method is used, or if the sealing is forgotten, the influence on the total airtightness can be remarkable. However, the results also show that it is possible to make the influence of the joint on the total airtightness negligible.     

Seismic loss estimation of wood-frame houses in south-western British Columbia

This study extends a seismic loss model of Goda and Hong for multiple buildings by incorporating an updated seismic hazard model for western Canada, a spatial correlation model of seismic effects for subduction earthquakes, and probabilistic models of the maximum inter-story drift ratio of wood-frame houses with different shear-wall configurations, and applies to 1415 existing wood-frame houses in south-western British Columbia. The extended model is likely to produce more realistic and accurate seismic loss estimates. A series of sensitivity analyses is carried out to identify the most influential model components and to provide a range of seismic loss estimates that are based on different but valid assumptions/models. The analysis results highlight the significance of using the updated seismic hazard model. For the upper tail of probability distribution of aggregate seismic loss, the selection of an adequate spatial correlation model is of great importance. Another key model component is the determination of the ultimate seismic capacity, which inevitably involves uncertainty and judgment. These results are useful for directing efforts in future studies to improve the model.     

Maintaining buildings in the Arctic

Close interest in the work of CIB working commission W 40 on heat and moisture transfer has prompted the authors, who are scientists working with the US Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, to send us these two summaries of remedial work on houses in Alaska.

The first indicates the scope for simple injection of urea formaldehyde foam to improve thermal insulation of old wood-frame buildings; the second shows how infra-red photography can cut the cost of repairs to leaking roofs.     

The influence of structural floors on the airtightness of wood-frame houses

Energy use in buildings has come more into focus in recent years. An airtight building envelope with a low infiltration is a definite prerequisite to achieve an energy efficient building. Recently the Norwegian airtightness requirements have become stricter. This leads to an increased focus on airtight constructions and methods. Platform constructed structural floors are widely used in Norway. Air leakages are frequently observed in connection with structural floors, both at the wall/floor and wall/ceiling junction and as leakages into the floor or into the ceiling. This article discusses the importance of the leakages in platform constructed structural floors on the airtightness of wood-frame houses. This is done by laboratory measurements of vapour barriers and wind-barriers mounted on a wall with structural floor beams. The results show that the airtightness performance of the vapour barrier can be made almost as good as the wind-barrier. However, this is quite labour-intensive. With a properly mounted wind-barrier, the influence of the structural floors on the airtightness of a wood-frame house can be made negligible.     

有翼缘和竖向荷载的带洞口木框架剪力墙的试验研究

轻型木结构房屋在我国尚处于发展阶段,木框架剪力墙试验的目的是为我国轻型木结构房屋的推广和规范的修订提供理论和试验依据。木框架剪力墙是轻型木结构房屋中的主要抗侧力构件,研究木剪力墙的力学性能和黏滞阻尼特性是木结构房屋整体分析的基础。通过6片2.4m高6.0m长的无墙角锚栓的传统木框架剪力墙的单向和反复荷载试验,研究了竖向荷载、翼缘墙体和洞口尺寸对剪力墙的抗剪强度、弹性抗侧刚度、极限位移、墙骨柱上拔和耗能等的影响。结果表明,作用于横墙上的竖向荷载可以显著地提高剪力墙的各项性能,作用于翼缘墙体上的竖向荷载可以降低端部墙骨柱的上拔和部分提高剪力墙的抗剪强度和耗能,洞口尺寸的变化主要影响到墙体的极限位移。试件的破坏形态主要是钉节点的破坏和端部墙骨柱的上拔。     

The influence of lightweight aggregate concrete element chimneys on the airtightness of wood-frame houses

Energy efficient buildings must be constructed as airtight as possible. In Norway the airtightness requirements have become stricter. This leads to a growing interest for airtight constructions and methods. Element chimneys of lightweight aggregate concrete, LWAC, are widely used in Norway. Air leakages are frequently observed in connection with these chimneys. The leaks are found either through the element, as a result of insufficient surface treatment of the air permeable element, or through the joint with the roof. This article discusses the influence that LWAC element chimneys can have on the airtightness of wood-frame houses. This is done by measurements and calculations. The influence of the sealing method used in the joint with the roof and the influence of the surface treatment of the LWAC elements on the airtightness is investigated. The results show that even the simplest sealing in the joint with the roof is adequate because of the limited circumference of the LWAC chimney. The results also show that the airtightness provided by the surface treatment of the chimney is very sensitive to the workmanship. If the workmanship is thorough, the influence of a LWAC element chimney on the airtightness of a wood-frame house should be negligible.     

轻钢结构住宅的工程应用与经济分析

轻钢结构住宅具有轻质高强、抗震性能好、可循环应用的诸多优点,正得到越来越多的应用.本文结合国内外轻钢结构住宅的研究现状,从结构体系、围护结构、工程造价等方面系统论述了轻钢住宅的特点.通过设计一幢3层的轻钢别墅工程实例,发现H型钢铜框架体系与无比钢体系均能很好地满足规范设计要求,而预算结果表明,钢框架体系的造价比无比钢体...     

多层木结构建筑电气设计探讨

介绍多层木结构建筑防雷系统和电气管线敷设的设计要点,在比较我国及加拿大电气设计规范相关条文的基础上,提出适当的技术措施,确保多层木结构使用安全。     

Night cooling with a Ventilated Internal Double Wall

This study investigates the feasibility of a device to improve summer comfort in wood-frame houses using a Ventilated Internal Double Wall (VIDW). The idea is to increase the house's thermal inertia and to evacuate accumulated heat during the night with a mechanical ventilation system. The VIDW is a cooling wall. Numerous studies on night ventilation have been conducted, but the active ventilation inside the air gap of a double wall with high thermal inertia has not been studied. The first part of this study examines the impact of VIDWs on the thermal comfort in a timber-frame house. The VIDW is modeled in transient mode based on an electrical analogy with the assumption that the exchange coefficients are constant for a given air velocity. In addition, modeling a stationary CFD in forced convection of the VIDW air gap allowed us to study the cooling potential and the benefit of installing obstacles.     

《轻型木屋架平屋面改坡屋面建筑构造》图集介绍

近年来,轻型木屋架系统构成的坡屋顶以其轻质高强、施工方便快捷和扰民少等优点,成为除了轻型钢结构坡屋顶体系外的平改坡工程新选择。但是,由于轻型木屋架平改坡是近几年新兴的平改坡方法,一些施工单位和设计单位对此接触的并不多,因此制定《轻型木屋架平屋面改坡屋面建筑构造》图集为轻型木屋架在平屋面改坡屋面工程中的应用提供依据。文中主要阐述了图集编制背景、图集编制说明以及结构和建筑上的具体做法。