沸石的改性工艺及其吸附除磷特性研究

研究了组合改性沸石的最佳制备方法,以及不同改性方式和pH对改性沸石除磷效果的影响。通过吸附动力学与吸附等温线探究其吸附机理并使用扫描电镜对改性前后的沸石进行表征。结果表明,最佳的改性方案为2.0 mol/L NaOH溶液和2.0 mol/L聚合氯化铝(PAC)溶液组合改性。当废水pH=7时该改性沸石除磷效果最佳,此时除磷率为98.74%,其吸附符合准二级动力学方程和Langmuir模型。扫描电镜表征结果表明,碱改性和铝改性均可改变沸石的孔隙结构,增加吸附点位。     

活性碳纤维对刚果红的吸附及再生研究

以棉短绒为原料,经磷酸盐浸渍、碳化、活化制备活性碳纤维,将其用于刚果红染料废水的吸附处理,考察了刚果红溶液初始浓度、刚果红溶液pH值、活性碳纤维用量、吸附时间对吸附效果的影响,并研究了活性碳纤维对刚果红的吸附动力学及活性碳纤维的再生利用。结果表明,活性碳纤维对刚果红有较强的吸附性能,当刚果红溶液初始浓度为200mg·L~(-1)、pH值为6、活性碳纤维用量为1.0g、吸附时间为180 min时,活性碳纤维对刚果红的吸附率高达93.53%;活性碳纤维对刚果红的吸附行为符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附动力学模型符合准二级动力学模型;活性碳纤维经过800℃高温煅烧后可再生利用,且吸附效果较好,再生5次的吸附率仍可达到91.28%。     

改性沸石处理低浓度氨氮水的实验研究

在对NaCl改性沸石吸附处理模拟氨氮水单因素研究基础上,对该吸附过程的吸附等温线及动力学模型进行了分析。实验结果表明:在最佳改性条件下得到的NaCl改性沸石在室温(27℃),初始氨氮浓度30 mg/L,溶液pH值6,投加量5 g/L以及反应时间90 min时,氨氮去除率高达90.7%,吸附剂的吸附容量为8.97 mg/g。且吸附过程更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,其相关系数为0.9973。吸附动力学分析表明,NaCl改性沸石吸附模拟氨氮水更符合准二级动力学模型,其相关系数为0.9988。     

载铝改性沸石除氟的热力学和动力学机理研究

本文依次采用1.0 mol/L的氢氧化钠和10％的硫酸铝改性天然沸石,然后经过焙烧得到载铝改性沸石样品.对天然沸石和改性沸石的吸附性能做了比较,考查了溶液pH值和温度对改性沸石吸附容量的影响,并对吸附过程进行了动力学和热力学研究.结果表明:改性沸石的吸附容量远远大于天然沸石,在溶液pH值为6,温度为室温时改性沸石的吸附容量达到最佳为1.44 mg/g;改性沸石对氟离子的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,吸附热力学过程符合Freundlich模型,不同温度下的吸附热力学的吉布斯自由能以及焓变和熵变均为负值表明该吸附过程为自发放热反应;初步探讨了载铝改性沸石对氟离子吸附过程的反应机理.     

活性碳纤维对苯胺的吸附性能研究

采用静态吸附法探究活性碳纤维对苯胺溶液的吸附能力,探讨了在不同的吸附时间、不同质量的活性碳纤维、不同初始浓度的苯胺溶液和不同p H值、盐效应、温度等条件下对吸附效率的影响,同时探讨了颗粒活性炭对苯胺溶液的吸附能力。研究结果表明,活性碳纤维对苯胺溶液具有良好的吸附效果,即使在常温下,活性碳纤维对苯胺都具有较高的吸附效率,而盐的质量分数也会提高其吸附效率,对实际应用有参考价值;相同质量的颗粒活性炭对苯胺溶液的吸附效果不及活性碳纤维。     

改性葵花秸秆对铅离子的吸附性能研究

为了研究改性葵花秸秆对铅离子的吸附性能,采用氢氧化钠处理、高锰酸钾和浓硫酸氧化的方法对葵花秸秆粉末改性,由单因素实验来考察pH、吸附剂用量、温度、时间对铅离子去除率的影响;再设计正交实验,确定最优吸附条件;最后进行吸附动力学模型分析.结果表明:pH=6、吸附剂用量1.0 g、温度25℃、时间60 min时吸附效果最好,此时改性前后葵花秸秆对铅离子的去除率分别为81％和90.5％;影响铅离子去除率的因素从大到小依次为投加量、溶液pH、反应温度、吸附时间;改性葵花秸秆对铅离子的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.     

改性膨润土对苯胺与苯酚混合液的吸附性能

研究酸活化膨润土和有机改性膨润土对苯胺和苯酚混合溶液的吸附性能,结果表明,酸活化膨润土对苯胺的吸附效果明显优于苯酚,具有较强的吸附选择性;有机膨润土对苯胺和苯酚的吸附无明显差别。吸附动力学研究表明,酸活化膨润土与有机改性膨润土对苯胺的吸附均符合准二级吸附动力学模型,相关系数分别为R²=0.999 8和R²=0.997 9。酸活化膨润土对苯胺的吸附符合Freundlich等温线模型,有机膨润土对苯胺的吸附数据对Freundlich等温线模型与Langmuir等温线模型均有较好的拟合。     

改性Zr-Na/Zeolite双功能沸石脱除水溶液中氨氮和磷性能研究

采用氯化钠离子交换和氯氧化锆沉积沉淀两步法改性天然沸石,得到具有脱除水中氨氮和磷的双功能锆钠改性天然沸石（Zr-Na/Zeolite）,考察了不同pH、溶液初始质量浓度和温度下Zr-Na/Zeolite对氨氮溶液、含磷溶液及氮磷共存溶液的吸附情况。结果表明,Zr-Na/Zeolite能够在保持Na改性沸石（Na/Zeolite）优良的吸附氨氮性能的基础上,极大地提高吸附磷的能力。在不同pH下,Zr-Na/Zeolite 吸附氨氮和磷的效果呈现不同的规律。对于氨氮,水溶液pH在4~8时具有最佳吸附性能,最高吸附量达到4.5 mg/g。对于含磷阴离子,脱磷能力随pH的升高而降低,吸附容量从pH=2时的4.71 mg/g降到pH=10时的2.20 mg/g。溶液初始质量浓度从10 mg/L提高到200 mg/L时,氨氮和磷的单位吸附容量分别从1.42和2.46 mg/g提高到11.6和11.8 mg/g,去除率分别从57.0%和98.2%降低到23.2%和23.6%。溶液温度从25 ℃升高到45 ℃,氨氮的吸附容量提高了10%,磷的吸附容量提高了11%。磷和氨氮的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。0.1 mol/L NaOH和1.0 mol/L NaCl混合溶液可以再生Zr-Na/Zeolite,循环吸附14次,吸附效率几乎保持不变。     

表面活性剂改性的4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附行为

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)改性4A分子筛,利用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱表征了改性前后4A分子筛的结构,并研究了其对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,两种表面活性剂的添加均能在一定程度上提高4A分子筛吸附氨氮性能,CTAB的改性效果优于LAS,且当两种表面活性剂m(CTAB)∶m(LAS)=10时复配效果最佳。此外,分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性4A分子筛吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示改性前后4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量分别为5.61 mg/g和6.15 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

表面活性剂改性的4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附行为

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)改性4A分子筛,利用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱表征了改性前后4A分子筛的结构,并研究了其对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,两种表面活性剂的添加均能在一定程度上提高4A分子筛吸附氨氮性能,CTAB的改性效果优于LAS,且当两种表面活性剂m(CTAB)∶m(LAS)=10时复配效果最佳。此外,分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性4A分子筛吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示改性前后4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量分别为5.61 mg/g和6.15 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附

用盐酸和氨水对活性炭进行改性获得改性活性炭,将其用于处理甲基橙废水,考察了改性条件、振荡速度和温度等因素对甲基橙吸附性能的影响,采用吸附等温模型和吸附动力学模型进行拟合,并分析吸附过程的热力学特征. 结果表明,盐酸改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附效果优于氨水改性活性炭,在甲基橙初始浓度60 mg/L、溶液体积50 mL、温度20℃、振荡速度100 r/min、盐酸改性活性炭投加量0.2 g时,24 h基本达到吸附平衡,甲基橙去除率为93.7%. 不同温度下,盐酸改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附符合Langmuir(RC2>0.95)和Freundlich(RC2>0.97)吸附等温模型,饱和吸附量达112.7 mg/g. 热力学参数DG0<0,DH0>0,DS0>0,表明盐酸改性活性炭对甲基橙的吸附是自发吸热反应,其吸附动力学可用准二级动力学方程描述,随振荡速度增加,吸附速率常数增加.     

Kinetic evaluation of phenol/aniline mixtures adsorption from aqueous solutions onto activated carbon and hypercrosslinked polymeric resin (MN200)

Kinetic adsorption of phenol and aniline from aqueous solution onto activated carbon and hypercrosslinked polymeric resin MN200 were evaluated in single and binary system. Larger phenol and aniline uptakes were observed for activated carbon in single as well as binary system, which can be attributed to the better physical properties of activated carbon, for instance larger surface area and micropore area. The kinetic experimental data was properly fitted by the pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order rate equations. A synergetic effect between solutes was observed since phenol and aniline sorption kinetic in binary system was faster than the individual sorption of each solute in single system, as well as a slight increase in the kinetic parameters obtained in binary system. The particle diffusion rate was defined as the rate limiting mechanism in the singles and binary system for phenol and aniline kinetic adsorption on both adsorbents. Two steps were markedly defined by the Weber and Morris intraparticle diffusion analysis for phenol and aniline onto both adsorbents. In binary systems, the intraparticle diffusion was influenced by the physical properties of adsorbents.     

Removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution by activated carbon prepared from cashew nut shell as a new low-cost adsorbent

Methylene blue dye was adsorbed on an adsorbent prepared from cashew nut shell. A batch adsorption study was carried out with variable adsorbent amount, initial dye concentration, contact time and pH. Studies showed that the pH of aqueous solutions affected dye removal as a result of removal efficiency increased with increasing solution pH. The experimental data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson, Koble-Corrigan, Toth, Temkin, Sips and Dubinin-Radushkevich models of adsorption using MATLAB 7.1. The experimental data yielded excellent fits within the following isotherm order: Redlich-Peterson>Toth>Sips>Koble-Corrigan>Langmuir>Temkin>Dubinin-Radushkevich>Freundlich, based on its correlation coefficient values. Three simplified kinetic models including a pseudofirst-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion equations were selected to follow the adsorption process. It was shown that the adsorption of methylene blue could be described by the pseudo-second-order equation. The results indicate that cashew nut shell activated carbon could be employed as a low cost alternative to commercial activated carbon in the removal of dyes from wastewater.     

褐煤活性炭吸附苯酚的研究

The feasibility and adsorption effect of lignite activated carbon for phenol removal from aqueous solutions were evaluated and investigated. A series of tests were performed to look into the influence of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial phenol concentration, temperature, and pH value on the adsorption of phenol by lignite activated carbon. The experimental data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption is an endothermic process and conforms to Freundlich thermodynamic model. The results indicate that the lignite activated carbon is suitable to be used as an adsorbent material for adsorption of phenol from aqueous solutions.     

ACF电吸附过程动力学特性和脱盐影响因素试验研究

近年来,国家强化了对各类污水的治理力度和排放标准。其中,工业废水具有较大的节水与回用潜能,急需一种高效低成本的脱盐技术。目前电吸附技术凭借其能耗低、无需添加药剂、除盐效率高等特点在水处理领域广泛应用。采用电吸附技术实现废水快速脱盐主要从脱盐速度提高和高通量产水2个方面入手。由于动力学因素决定了离子在吸附剂内部的吸附速率,吸附容量决定除盐率,因此探究影响电吸附过程动力学特性和脱盐影响因素是该技术的关键。以活性炭纤维为电极材料,在自制的板式电吸附装置进行多组电吸附试验,研究进样浓度、外加电压、进样液pH值和温度对其除盐效率和饱和吸附容量的影响,并对不同电压、不同浓度下的电吸附动力学结果进行拟合。动力学研究表明:电压是离子吸附速率的主要因素;电压<0.8 V时,适用于准二级动力学方程,电压>0.8 V后适用一级动力学模型,电压越大离子吸附速率越快。等温吸附模型研究表明:增大电压和初始浓度可以提高电吸附容量,吸附过程适用Langmuir吸附等温模型来描述。弱酸性条件更有利于电吸附除盐性能的提高;温度升高对离子吸附有抑制作用,室温为最佳试验温度。     

Surface modification with cold plasma application on kaolin and its effects on the adsorption of methylene blue

In this study, cold plasma treatment was applied for the surface modification of kaolin adsorbent to improve the removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution. To achieve the aim, the conditions for adsorption, including cold plasma application time, initial dye concentration, and pH were investigated with respect to the removal efficiency of MB. The changes of the surface property before and after cold plasma treatment were discussed. The maximum adsorption capacity of MB compared with untreated raw kaolin increased from 19.60 to 51.02 mg/g (up to approximately 2, 5-fold) after modification by cold plasma. The experimental data were analyzed using pseudo first-order and second-order kinetic models. The surface properties of kaolin treated with cold plasma were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and point of zero charge (pzc) measurements to understand the adsorption mechanism.     

炭化谷壳对苯胺废水的吸附特性

采用磷酸活化原材料谷壳,分别在300和600℃对活化谷壳进行炭化,制得炭化谷壳吸附剂(CC1和CC2),通过静态吸附实验研究了炭化谷壳对苯胺的吸附性能,采用比表面积分析仪对炭化谷壳进行表征,考察了pH值和温度等对吸附的影响. 结果表明,CC2吸附苯胺能力比CC1强,Langmuir方程拟合等温吸附效果最好;准二级动力学模型能较好地描述炭化谷壳对苯胺的吸附行为,相关系数高达0.999;计算了热力学参数DGq, DHq和DSq值,DGq为负值,说明该吸附为自发过程.     

Aqueous Phase Adsorption of Cephalexin onto Bentonite and Activated Carbon

The adsorption of cephalexin in aqueous solution has been investigated using bentonite and activated carbon as the adsorbents. Batch kinetics and isotherm studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, particle size, and temperature. Adsorption equilibrium data were well represented by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption intensity was found to be increased as the aqueous phase pH increased, and had a maximum at pH = 6.1. The pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models were used to describe the kinetic data. The experimental data fitted very well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and also followed the simple external and intraparticle model.     

Adsorption Characteristics of Sulfamethoxazole and Metronidazole on Activated Carbon

In this work, the removal of two pharmaceuticals i.e., an antibiotic drug, sulfamethoxazole and an antiparasitary drug, metronidazole onto activated carbon from aqueous solutions were studied. Batch adsorption studies were carried out at different pH, adsorbent concentrations, and temperatures. Adsorption isotherms have been modeled by Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin-Raduskevitch (D-R) equations. The adsorption of these drugs was better represented by the Langmuir equation. The effect of the solution pH on the adsorbed amount of SM and MN was studied by varying the initial pH under constant process parameters at equilibrium conditions. The increase in pH of the solutions caused to decrease adsorption of SM and MN on AC. The kinetics of adsorption in view of three kinetic models, i.e., the first-order Lagergren model, the pseudo-second-order model, and the intraparticle diffusion model was discussed. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model describes the adsorption of both sulfamethoxazole and metronidazole on activated carbon. Rate constants for adsorption and desorption, and surface coverage have been evaluated with the help of another approach of the kinetic scheme. The effect of temperature was also studied at the range between 293 and 313 K. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The negative value of enthalpy change (ΔH°) indicated the exothermic nature of the adsorption process, and the negative values of free energy change (ΔG°) were indicative of spontaneity of the adsorption process. In this work adsorption behaviour of SM and MN on activated carbon was also evaluated by the data obtained from column experiments.     

以纸巾为模板制备活性炭纤维

以纸巾为前驱体通过NaOH化学活化制备活性炭纤维,扫描电镜观测其微观结构为多孔纤维状。通过活性炭纤维对亚甲基蓝的吸附实验研究活性炭纤维吸附动力学,Pseudo-second-order方程比Pseudo-first-order方程更适于吸附数据模型,相关系数高达0.998,所制备活性炭纤维对亚甲基蓝最大平衡吸附量为200mg/g。