WFW935溶液型和毛油的研制

文章选用合成润滑剂、抗静电剂、防锈剂等多种组分,选取动静摩擦系数、静电半衰期为性能参数指标,采用正交试验方法,研制出新一代溶液型和毛油WFW935.实验与应用发现,WFW935能有效提高纤维的润滑性,降低动摩擦系数;有效消除静电,防止纺纱中出现掉毛、散毛、断头的现象;具备优良的防锈效果,能防止梳毛机上的针布生锈等.     

超声波洗毛研究进展

超声波在水介质中具有辅助洗涤的作用,超声波洗涤具有较高的洗涤效率,可以在较少的洗涤剂用量,较低的温度,较短的时间条件下达到较好的清洁效果。该技术可应用于洗毛工艺,减少洗毛工业中的热能消耗和洗剂消耗。文章介绍了超声波应用于洗毛工艺的原理和特点,影响洗涤效果因素,合适的超声波洗毛工艺条件,与传统洗毛工艺相比超声波洗毛的洗涤效果以及超声波洗涤后羊毛纤维物理及化学结构的变化。综述了目前国内外的一些最新研究进展。     

影响精梳毛纱制成率的因素

对影响精梳毛纱制成率的原料选择、精梳工艺、染料及染色工艺、分纱方式、公定回潮等方面的因素进行了分析探讨.并在此基础上针对企业的实际生产,提出了正确选择原料、提高毛纱制成率的工艺技术方法和管理措施,以进一步提高精梳毛纱的制成率,降低生产成本.     

毛纱产品工业碳足迹的核算

基于《PAS 2050:2011商品和服务在生命周期内的温室气体排放规范》及相应的使用指南,建立了毛纱工业碳足迹的核算模型,核算了6类毛纱产品的工业碳足迹值。核算结果显示:纱线的生产工艺越复杂对应工业碳足迹值越大;染色工序的碳排放对毛纱工业碳足迹值贡献最大,纺纱工序其次;纱线颜色和支数对毛纱工业碳足迹影响较大,颜色越深、纱线越细,对应的毛纱工业碳足迹值均越大;运输碳排放是纺织品工业碳足迹的重要组成部分,不可忽略其影响。     

浅谈国毛条中粗腔毛、死毛的染色同色性

文章介绍了粗腔毛、死毛的成因及影响其染色性能的机理.采用盐酸做预处理,并采用阿白格B参与媒介染料染色的染色工艺.实验证明此工艺可以明显改善粗腔毛、死毛与正常羊毛的染色同色性,取得较好的染色效果.并对阿白格B的作用机理做了简要分析.     

毛纱上浆前预处理方式的研究

通过上浆实验和浆纱性能测试,研究4种预处理方式对浆纱性能的影响,浆纱性能的评定指标有毛羽指数、耐磨次数、断裂强力及断裂伸长率.实验结果表明:预处理方式对浆纱性能有较大的影响,其中热水预处理、醋酸预处理和双氧水预处理能够改善毛纱的表面性质和润湿性能,提高毛纱上浆效果,并且醋酸预处理过的毛纱浆纱质量明显提高;但蛋白酶预处理过的毛纱浆纱质量略有下降.     

超声波洗毛工艺

将超声波技术应用于水介质洗毛工艺中,通过选用不同细度的原毛,采用不同的洗毛温度、洗毛时间和洗涤剂用量,探讨这些参数对原毛洗净效果的影响,并与传统洗毛方法的效果进行了对比研究。结果表明:采用超声波洗毛,洗净毛质量可以达到与常规洗毛工艺相同的水平;但采用超声波洗毛可以明显缩短洗毛时间,提高洗毛效率。同时,通过SEM观察洗净毛,发现超声波洗毛对羊毛的鳞片有刻蚀作用,鳞片受到一定程度的损伤。     

Lycra添加方式对成形毛针织物尺寸稳定性的影响

介绍了Lycra在成形毛针织物中的针织技术,并选用Lycra纤维中的腈包氨与羊毛纱一起以添纱(盖纱)的方式进行多种不同组合形式的编织;分析Lycra的添加对成形毛针织物尺寸稳定性的改善情况,以及不同的Lycra添加方式对成形毛针织物尺寸稳定性的影响;最后综合考虑羊毛加Lycra针织物的横向、纵向尺寸稳定性,得出比较理想的Lycra添加方式,优化生产工艺,为成形毛针织物尺寸稳定性的提高提供参考依据.     

超声波洗毛效果的评价

文章将不同细度的美利诺羊毛在常规工艺、不同超声波工艺条件下进行洗毛,测试洗净毛的细度、色泽(白度、黄度和亮度)和含脂率的变化,分析了洗毛工艺对洗净毛质量的影响.实验结果表明,超声波在水介质洗毛中是可以使用的,并能够达到常规洗毛工艺时洗净毛的质量水平;且能缩短洗毛时间,节约能源,提高洗毛效率;但应采用适当的洗毛工艺,才能够保证洗净毛的质量.     

毛酸浆果果脯的研制

以鲜毛酸浆果为原料,确定了毛酸浆果果脯的生产工艺,并重点研究了护色、硬化、烫漂、糖制、保型及干燥过程对毛酸浆果果脯品质的影响,优选出较佳的工艺条件.     

羊毛交叉长度的数字化测试方法

羊毛交叉长度是毛纺生产中确定各道工序牵伸总隔距的依据,牵伸总隔距最终影响纤维条经牵伸后的条干均匀度,快速准确测得交叉长度对毛纺工艺的制定至关重要。本文利用梳片式纤维长度分析仪测试的原始数据,在理论分析和逻辑推导的基础上,运用计算机Microsoft Office Excel软件绘制羊毛的长度分布数字排列图,并通过添加趋势线得到多项式曲线回归方程,该方程的拟合精度相关系数达到0.9940,其测试结果与传统手工排图法相比,误差率只有0.77%。采用数字化测试法确定羊毛交叉长度方便快捷、准确高效。     

羊毛纤维对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附规律

从Cu2+初始摩尔浓度、溶液pH值、处理时间、处理温度以及羊毛纤维前处理工艺(丙酮处理、剥鳞处理、巯基乙酸处理)等因素入手,以吸附量为指标,研究了羊毛纤维对Cu2+的吸附规律。通过比较处理前后羊毛纤维的力学性能,分析处理后纤维的损伤情况,发现由于Cu2+的进入,羊毛纤维的强力有所降低。通过傅里叶红外光谱对Cu2+—羊毛纤维进行结构表征,探讨羊毛纤维对Cu2+的吸附结合位置,表明Cu2+主要与羊毛纤维中的—COO-发生结合。     

新型澳毛和毛油FHWL-2000的研制和应用

根据和毛油的作用,开发了一种可完全生物降解的环保型和毛油.介绍了新型澳毛和毛油FHWL-2000配方的主要成分和研究方法,通过对不同细度澳毛毛条的实际使用,比较了用进口和毛油在同等条件下的试验结果.试验结果表明,FHWL-2000的综合性能均超过目前澳毛制条厂家所使用的进口和毛油,平均成条率提高了0.5%～0.6%,纤维长度有所提高,离散率和短毛含量则有所降低,能为毛条生产企业提高效益,是一种非常具有潜力的新型澳毛制条和毛油.     

纸样技术在非常规造型毛针织服装编织工艺中的应用

为提高非常规造型毛针织服装编织工艺的准确性和生产效率,将纸样技术应用到编织工艺制作中,选取非常规造型中的廓型和局部造型毛衫和毛裤为研究对象,研究基于纸样省道和褶皱的非常规造型毛针织服装工艺,通过制作纸样基本型,结合毛针织编织原理对纸样进行优化,根据优化后纸样制作上机操作工艺及电脑横机制版程序,同时编织出服装实物。通过实践认为,将纸样技术应用于非常规造型毛针织服装编织工艺中,寻找纸样技术与毛针织工艺的契合点,是一种工艺制作创新手法,可使毛针织服装造型设计更加多元化,按照纸样制作出的毛针织工艺准确,生产效率高。     

Modification of wool fibers by atmospheric pressure plasma treatment

Shrink‐proofing processing of wool fabrics by vacuum plasma treatment has been studied for many years. However, as a wool shrink‐proofing processing method, discharge treatment under atmospheric pressure, such as corona and low‐temperature electric plasma treatment, has been studied recently. In this study, an attempt was made to improve shrink‐proofing and other properties of a wool fabric by low‐temperature plasma treatment. The wool fabric was treated by pulsed atmospheric pressure plasma using a dielectric barrier discharge apparatus of the Institute of Textile Technology at Denkendorf by varying the power and flow rate of air. Shrink‐proofing, dyeing yield and water‐absorbing properties increased to a greater degree with the increase in the treatment time. However, the effect was saturated at 3 min. On the other hand, hysteresis of shearing property at large shear angle (2HG5), which is one of the mechanical parameters for measuring fabric hand by the Kawabata evaluation system (KES), becomes larger with the treatment time. It can be concluded that shear hysteresis value is related to the improvement in shrink‐proofing and other properties of the wool fabric.     

PTT/毛混纤织物的弹性探讨

研究原料种类和纺织工艺对PTT/毛织物弹性的影响,结果表明:试制产品的弹性从优到劣的次序为毛与PTT/PET长丝sirofil复合纺织物>毛与PTT长丝sirofil复合纺织物>经短纤纱与纬PTT长丝交织织物>PTT/毛混纺织物;改变煮呢工艺,提高煮呢温度,热定型中加强超喂都有利于提高织物弹性。采用多元线性回归方法分析PTT/毛混纺织物结构参数与弹性伸长的关系,认为织物的经向上机紧度对织物弹性伸长的影响最大,其次为组织浮长和纬向上机紧度。     

Plasma technology in wool

The textile industry processes a large quantity of fibres obtained from various animals of which wool is commercially the most important. However, it has some technical problems which affect the quality and performance of the finished products such as felting shrinkage, handle, lustre, pilling and dyeability. These problems may be attributed mainly to the presence of wool scales on the fibre surface. The scales are relatively hard and have sharp edges which are responsible for causing fibre directional movement and shrinkage during felting. Furthermore, the scales also serve as a barrier for diffusion processes which will adversely affect the sorption behaviour. In recent years, there has been an increase in the modification of wool surface scales by physical means such as mechanical, thermal and ultrasonic treatments, and chemical methods such as oxidation, reduction, enzyme and ozone treatments which can solve the felting and sorption problems to a certain extent. Hitherto, chemical treatments are still the most commonly used descaling methods in the industry.

Owing to the effect of pollution caused by various chemical treatments, physical treatments such as plasma treatment have been introduced recently as they are capable of achieving a similar descaling effect. Since the 1960s, scientists have successfully exploited plasma techniques in materials science. The plasma technologies have been fully utilised to improve the surface properties of fibres in many applications. The fibres that can be modified by plasmas include almost all kinds of fibre such as textile fibres, metallic fibres, glass fibres, carbon fibres, fabrics and other organic fibres.

Plasma-treated wool has different physical and chemical properties when compared with the untreated one. The changes in fibre properties alter the performance of the existing textile processes such as spinning, dyeing and finishing to produce a series of versatile wool products with superior quality. Therefore, the aim of this monograph is to give a critical appreciation of the latest developments of plasma treatment of wool. In this monograph, different surface treatments of wool including plasma treatment will be precisely described. Since plasma treatment can be used to alter material surfaces by removing outer layers, thus the method of generation of plasma and the reaction mechanisms between material surface and plasma species will be highlighted in this monograph. Similar to other chemical reactions, the factors such as (i) the nature of gas used, (ii) gas flow rate, (iii) system pressure and (iv) discharge power affecting the final results of plasma treatments will be described.

The main content of this monograph includes the application of plasma treatment on wool under different industrial conditions such as dyeing and shrinkproofing processing which will be reported and discussed respectively. In addition, the common analytical methods such as Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy with Attenuated Total Internal Reflectance mode analysis employed for characterising the surface properties of plasma-treated wool will be discussed. Based on the surface characterisation results, more details about the mechanism of plasma treatment that affects the wool processing such as dyeing and shrinkproofing can be explored.

In the latter part of the monograph, the serviceability of plasma-treated wool fabrics is discussed and the possibility of applying the plasma-treated wool fabric to industrial use is evaluated based on standard performance specification, e.g. ASTM. The fabric performance in terms of tailorability and sewability are also discussed with reference to the Kawabata Evaluation System for Fabric (KES-F) results. As the plasma process is a “dry” process, i.e. the water used in the plasma system can be recycled, thus it can solve the industrial effluent problem resulting in providing an effective means for the modification of wool fabrics.     

羊毛拉伸细化的拆键剂

分析了酸、碱、氧化剂、还原剂和高效渗透剂应用于羊毛拆键拉伸细化的可能性，并对几种助剂进行优化组合，比较其拉伸细化效果。试验结果表明，酸、碱和氧化剂作为拆键剂都存在一定的局限性；带巯基的还原剂和亚硫酸盐拼用，可获得理想的效果，且成本不高；在传统亲水性试剂中添加疏水性渗透剂可提高还原拆键剂的效率，显著改善羊毛的拉伸率和细化率，具有良好的实用价值。     

澳大利亚超细羊毛制条工艺研究

天宇羊毛工业公司在“优化使用澳洲超细羊毛提高中国精梳毛纺产品质量和企业经济效益”的澳大利亚——中国农业合作项目中承担了澳洲超细羊毛的洗毛和制条任务,在完成任务的过程中,结合公司以往使用澳洲超细羊毛生产的经验,对澳大利亚超细羊毛制条工艺做了进一步研究和总结。本文从超细羊毛制条的全过程重点介绍了针对超细羊毛所采取的工艺措施。