分子筛床对氚化水气体过滤效能的研究

为了准确掌握分子筛床在现场的实际防护效果,需要进行含氚(氚化水,HTO)空气穿透实验。将露点一定、氚浓度一定的普通氮气以稳定的流速通过分子筛床,并连续测量气体通过分子筛床前后氚浓度的变化和分子筛床穿透前后的质量变化,从而确定分子筛床在现场实际环境中的防氚效果。实验结果表明,无水分子筛床的氚化水吸附效果最好,4 h之内的过滤效率保持在95%以上,过滤效率高,使用时间长;1/3吸水的分子筛床的吸附效果较好,3 h之内过滤效率保持在90%以上。综合考虑使用舒适度和过滤效能,1/3吸水的分子筛床更适合用于现场的实际氚防护。     

CuO床氚气氧化效率测定

氚工艺中可用CuO床将氚气（HT）氧化成氚水（HTO），本实验测定了不同氧化床温度和载气流速条件下的氧化效率，以确定合适的氧化床操作工艺。     

加速器含氚废气净化系统的技术指标估算

根据加速器应用环境的要求,对建立纳秒脉冲/直流强中子发生器的含氚废气净化处理系统的主要参数、性能和技术指标进行了较为详细的分析和估算。含氚废气排放量大于4 m3/d,最大含氚浓度约1×1012Bq/m3,净化系统的除氚因子应大于1×103。建议采用国内外广泛使用的催化氧化加分子筛吸附的净化技术;结构上采用进出口都有氚浓度在线监测的装置,全自动智能控制加手动控制的三级串联的净化系统。     

HTO-HT甄别式氚快速取样系统研制

在氚工艺研究、氚生产等涉氚场所,如何快速准确收集操作间和烟囱流出物中的氚对工作人员辐射防护和氚排放量的控制非常重要。针对涉氚场所氚以氚气(HT)和氚水(HTO)两种形态存在的特点,基于半导体冷阱研制了一套HTO-HT甄别式氚快速取样系统。该取样系统设置了高热效率催化氧化炉和运行自控装置,采用低温冷阱冷凝收集经过催化氧化床氧化后的HT。系统取样流量为0~10L/min时,催化效率99%,取样效率95%,能够满足涉氚场所对HTO和HT甄别式快速取样的要求。     

用于含氚废气的无机载体疏水催化剂研制

为处理含氚废气筛选无机疏水载体,通过酸萃、高温灼烧对载体改性,经附铂、焙烧、还原后制备无机载体型Pt、Pd催化剂,常温下氢(氚)气的催化氧化实验中,几种催化剂表现相似的催化性能,氚气的单程转化率均大于90%,均可用于含氚废气处理。XRD测试结果显示,载体改性提高了载体的结晶度,有利于增加载体疏水性,降低附在载体上的铂晶粒尺寸,提高铂的分散度,但附铂后灼烧再还原的方法降低了铂的分散度。ZrO2的加入降低了钯晶粒尺寸,提高了钯的分散度。     

退役核设施不锈钢中氚的分析

在自制的氚污染不锈钢的高温热解析制样系统中对氚污染不锈钢样品进行解析分析,并对影响不锈钢样品中氚回收率的解析温度、解析时间、催化氧化效率、冷凝收集效率等条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,当载气（空气）流速为60～80 L/h,解析温度和催化氧化温度为700 ℃,冷凝温度为-20 ℃,解析时间为2 h时,氚污染不锈钢样品高温制样系统的冷凝收集效率为99%,催化氧化效率为98.6%,不锈钢样品中氚的解析率＞95%。以上结果表明,该不锈钢高温热解析制样系统及其解析条件能够满足退役核设施不锈钢样品中氚的分析要求。     

含氚硅胶中氚回收率的测量

采用加热解吸结合催化氧化及吸附法对含氚硅胶中的氚回收率进行了精确量化.结果显示,含氚硅胶中的氚主要以化合态的形式存在,含氚硅胶中氚回收率随样品的加热解吸温度的升高而增加,在相同的解吸温度下,含氚硅胶中氚回收率随载气流速的增加而呈下降趋势,在解吸温度为500℃及载气流速为60 mL/min下仍有5%以下的氚滞留在硅胶中,...     

土壤中全氚的测定

设计了一套可用于测量土壤样品中全氚的高温解析系统,对影响氚回收率的催化剂氧化效率、冷阱回收率、解析系数等因素进行了研究。结果表明,550℃下解析3h,催化剂的氧化效率为98．6％,冷阱回收效率为99％,解析系数为97．8％。该系统能够满足土壤样品中全氚的测量要求。     

空气中总氚量监测方法的研究

本文介绍一种简单、高灵敏度的空气中总氚量的监测方法。空气先通过一个乙二醇鼓泡吸收器以除去HTO,再通过加热的催化剂,使HT气体氧化为HTO,然后被第二个乙二醇鼓泡吸收器捕集。捕集的氚用液闪法测量。研究了取样流速、相对湿度、采样时间(吸收体积)以及氚的浓度对吸收效率和回收率的影响,并测定了在催化氧化剂上HT的转化效率。本法可用于氚实验室监测,含氚试验设备的氚泄漏率测量及环境监测等。     

核设施周围大气中多形态氚的测量

大气中氚主要以氚化水(HTO)、氚化氢(HT)以及氚化甲烷(CH_3T)的形态存在,其危害与其化学形态相关。为了准确评价核设施周围大气中不同化学形态的氚水平,基于高温催化氧化和低温冷阱捕集的原理,建立了一套适用于核设施周围大气中多形态氚的取样及测量方法,并对秦山核电站周围大气中不同形态氚进行了初步测量。该方法中催化剂在大气环境下对HT和CH_3T的催化氧化效率≥99%,冷阱对水样的收集效率≥95%,具备了同时采集和测量HTO、HT和CH_3T的功能。基于秦山核电站周围大气中氚的初步测量结果发现:秦山核电站周围大气中存在HTO、CH_3T和HT三种形态的氚,且HTOCH_3THT,CH_3T和HT浓度与环境本底水平相当,由此表明,建立的取样和测量方法有较高的灵敏度,可以用于核设施周边大气中环境水平氚的采样测量。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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