道面混凝土抗冻试验与掉皮防治

针对严寒地区机场道面混凝土的工作特点,分析了道面混凝土掉皮剥落的机理,对五种类型的道面混凝土进行了抗冻性能与抗表面剥落性能试验研究,结果表明：在普通道面混凝土中掺入优质粉煤灰、合成纤维和引气减水剂可以大大减少道面掉皮的发生,确保飞行安全,延长使用寿命。     

机场水泥砼道面动力响应研究

对三块不同弹性模量的基础上的足尺寸水泥砼道面板进行了冲击激励试验和振动试验,对作者建立的动力计算模型进行了验证,并得出了地基模量、加载频率以及动荷系数与道面动弯沉响应的相对关系,为机场道面的动力设计提供了理论和试验依据。     

机场道面抢修用聚氨酯稳定集料的试验研究

以机场道面意外损毁的抢修为目的，进行了聚氨酯发泡快速稳定道面基层回填料的试验研究。试验结果表明，常温下用聚氨酯发泡稳定碎石集料，2h无侧限抗压强度达到2．05MPa，对道面结构的有限元分析表明，试验所用材料可满足道面基层的力学性能要求。     

新型绿色无机聚合物道面混凝土性能与应用研究

采用矿渣＋Na2SiO3和NaOH复合激发剂,制备了坍落度在160mm以上,4h抗折强度在2．5MPa以上的快硬早强自密实IPC,并进行了不同激发剂类型、矿渣掺量及养护温度等对IPC强度的影响规律试验研究,并通过机场道面现场试验,研究了IPC的施工工艺和技术。结果表明,通过严格控制原材料质量,采用合适的工艺技术,可有效保证施工质量,利用IPC快速修复的道面4h抗折强度可达3．03MPa,抗压强度达到26．19MPa,且表面性能优异,满足机场道面抢修要求。     

纤维、粉煤灰复合高性能道面混凝土应用研究

针对传统机场道面混凝土易开裂、耐久性不良的现象,采用在普通道面混凝土中掺加纤维、粉煤灰的技术路线,研究配制适合严寒干旱地区的新型高性能道面混凝土,并进行了抗裂、抗冻、抗渗、耐磨综合性能试验。试验结果表明：单掺粉煤灰或纤维,均能大大提高普通道面混凝土的抗裂性和耐久性,尤其是纤维、粉煤灰复合时,道面混凝土抗裂性和耐久性能进一步得到提高,是一种适合寒冷干旱地区的新型高性能道面混凝土。     

飞机着陆数值仿真及机场道面动载特性研究

为研究飞机着陆滑跑过程民用机场道面动荷载特性,以Boeing737-800机型为例,基于动力学仿真软件VI-Aircraft,建立了机身、起落架及轮胎三维数值仿真模型,根据某机场道面实测平整度数据创建道面仿真模型,形成了一套考虑气动力变化特性的飞机着陆冲击仿真方法,并通过相关起落架系统落震试验以及飞机-地面运动学理论解析两方面验证了仿真方法的可靠性。此外,系统讨论了各类着陆状态参数对道面动载特性的影响,明确了不同着陆状态参数影响下道面动载系数量化取值范围,揭示了各着陆状态参数对道面动载响应的影响规律及影响机理。研究结果表明：随着陆质量、接地速度及滚转角增大,道面动载响应显著增强;随着陆航向速度增大,道面动载响应明显减小;而随俯仰角增大,道面动载响应整体呈现波动减小的趋势。飞机着陆过程中道面动载系数敏感性因素从大到小依次为：航向速度、着陆质量、接地速度、滚转角与俯仰角,充分考虑各着陆状态参数影响,一般情况下道面动载系数D_IM分布区间为1.18～1.80。研究成果可进一步拓展用于飞机着陆跑道桥的分析研究。     

冲击荷载下橡胶混凝土道面应变响应研究

为阐明冲击荷载作用下橡胶混凝土道面的应变响应，基于光纤光栅应变计和重型落锤式弯沉仪(heavy weight deflectometer, HWD),设计了一种道面冲击应变响应的测试方法。通过该方法，对比分析了冲击荷载下橡胶混凝土道面与普通混凝土道面的应变响应差异，并通过监测不同尺寸的橡胶混凝土道面，研究道面板尺寸对应变响应的影响。试验结果表明：相较于普通混凝土道面，橡胶颗粒的加入改变了冲击荷载下道面的应变响应分布，使混凝土道面板中的水平应变均减小，而板边、板角的水平纵向应变增加；并且随着板长增加，橡胶混凝土道面板中、板边、板角处最不利应变响应方向的应变逐渐增加，其中板角处纵向应变增加最快，即道面板长增加将使橡胶混凝土道面冲击荷载下的最不利位置和方向从板边横向转移至板角纵向，因此在大尺寸橡胶混凝土道面设计与建造中，板角应变也应被考虑。     

新型高性能道面混凝土抗裂性研究与应用

针对寒冷干旱地区机场道面铺筑水泥混凝土后经常出现早期裂缝的现象,为找到既能大幅度减少混凝土早期开裂又能满足设计要求的混凝土材料,采用在普通混凝土中单掺合成纤维或粉煤灰以及合成纤维与粉煤灰复合的技术路线,研究配制高抗裂的高性能道面混凝土,采用平板法对其早期抗裂性进行试验验证,并在多个机场道面工程中进行了应用,抗裂效果很好。     

道面再生混凝土试验研究

采用掺加优质粉煤灰和高效外加剂的技术路线,进行了机场道面再生混凝土的强度、抗冻性、抗渗性和耐磨性等试验研究。结果表明：所配制的道面再生混凝土性能优于普通道面混凝土,满足机场道面要求,较普通道面混凝土,抗折强度提高4～11％;抗冻等级提高100％;抗渗等级提高300％以上;耐磨性提高18-36%。     

水泥混凝土道面早期抗裂性能试验研究

针对传统的普通道面混凝土施工后经常出现裂缝的现象,分析了裂缝产生的原因,提出在普通道面混凝土中掺加粉煤灰、聚丙烯纤维的新型道面混凝土,采用平板法进行了抗裂性能对比试验。结果表明：在普通道面混凝土中单掺粉煤灰或聚丙烯纤维,都能提高混凝土的抗裂性,而粉煤灰和聚丙烯纤维双掺的新型道面混凝土更能有效防止裂缝的发生,显著延长道面使用寿命。     

热挤压工艺对AZ31镁合金晶粒大小及性能的影响

对商用AZ31镁合金挤压棒材进行了不同工艺参数的挤压变形,系统研究了挤压工艺参数对AZ31镁合金晶粒大小以及性能的影响,并对镁合金组织的微晶尺寸进行了金相定量分析.研究结果表明,热变形可有效细化晶粒,但对AZ31镁合金晶粒细化是有限度的;对已通过热挤压变形晶粒细化的AZ31镁合金进一步进行大的塑性变形,其晶粒不但没有进一步的细化反而比挤压前略有长大.     

PET 瓶装碳酸饮料货架期影响因素研究

目的研究影响碳酸饮料货架期的各种因素。方法以PET瓶装碳酸饮料为研究对象,分析了PET瓶的二氧化碳泄漏的途径,通过4类实验分析了温度、壁厚、二氧化碳阻隔剂、气含量等因素对其泄漏速度的影响。结果常温下瓶体是二氧化碳泄露的主要途径,降低仓储温度、增加瓶子壁厚,在PET料里添加二氧化碳阻隔剂以及增加气体含量都可以有效延长货架期,而高温下气体含量高的饮料的货架期可能更短。结论实验得到了不同仓储温度、瓶子壁厚、不同初始含气量以及添加二氧化碳阻隔剂与产品货架期的关系。     

Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes

The article gives a comprehensive overview of hydrogen storage in carbon nanostructures, including experimental results and theoretical calculations. Soon after the discovery of carbon nanotubes in 1991, different research groups succeeded in filling carbon nanotubes with some elements, and, therefore, the question arose of filling carbon nanotubes with hydrogen by possibly using new effects such as nano-capillarity. Subsequently, very promising experiments claiming high hydrogen storage capacities in different carbon nanostructures initiated enormous research activity. Hydrogen storage capacities have been reported that exceed the benchmark for automotive application of 6.5 wt% set by the U.S. Department of Energy. However, the experimental data obtained with different methods for various carbon nanostructures show an extreme scatter. Classical calculations based on physisorption of hydrogen molecules could not explain the high storage capacities measured at ambient temperature, and, assuming chemisorption of hydrogen atoms, hydrogen release requires temperatures too high for technical applications. Up to now, only a few calculations and experiments indicate the possibility of an intermediate binding energy. Recently, serious doubt has arisen in relation to several key experiments, causing considerable controversy. Furthermore, high hydrogen storage capacities measured for carbon nanofibers did not survive cross-checking in different laboratories. Therefore, in light of today's knowledge, it is becoming less likely that at moderate pressures around room temperature carbon nanostructures can store the amount of hydrogen required for automotive applications.     

基于ARCS的ASD儿童绘本角色设计研究

目的 为提升ASD儿童情绪学习动机,探究不同角色形象在基本情绪学习中的激发作用,以绘本角色造型为切入点,为绘本角色设计和干预训练提供参考。提出一种基于ARCS动机模型的角色设计研究方法。方法 首先,结合ARCS动机维度,建立了一套适用于绘本角色研究的指标体系。在文献研究的基础上,筛选出7项代表性眼动指标和1项情绪匹配数据,并利用眼动仪收集这些指标的实验数据;其次,采用熵权法计算眼动实验客观指标的权重,并使用逼近理想解法(TOPSIS)确定三大角色样本类型的综合排序。结果 研究发现,与其他类型的角色相比,在ASD儿童中,器物角色的动机反馈效果更佳,并且这几类角色对ASD儿童的眼动指标都有不同程度的影响,因此每个角色的干预效果也不尽相同。结论 将ARCS动机理论模型引入绘本角色设计中,结合眼动实验解析动机策略与角色特征元素之间的关联性,能更有效地改善干预训练中缺乏学习动机的情况;建立评价体系有助于为后续相关设计提供研究思路。     

Experimental investigation into the effects of nozzle position,workpiece hardness,and tool type in MQL turning of AISI 1045 steel

Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) is a replacement for dry machining in which a minimum quantity of lubricant fluid is mixed up with compressed air and sprayed periodically on the machining area. In this research the effects of different parameters on the MQL turning of AISI 1045 steel have been investigated to evaluate the cutting force, surface roughness, and tool wear in comparison with the wet and dry machining. The research is aimed to study the effect of the MQL nozzle position, workpiece hardness and tool type on the output parameters. During MQL machining experiments, the nozzles were placed in three different arrangements relative to the tool to investigate the effect of the nozzle position. The effect of workpiece hardness and tool type were also studied experimentally for different lubrication conditions. The results indicated that the MQL system significantly increases the cutting efficiency in AISI 1045 steel machining. The experiments results have also confirmed a significant influence of the nozzle position, workpiece hardness, and tool type on the outputs. Machining with MQL is also beneficial to the environment and machine tool operator health as lubricant consumption during operation with MQL is 7-fold lower than in the conventional system.     

不同工况下含间隙铰链接触碰撞力特性研究

为了更加准确地研究不同工况环境对含间隙铰链接触碰撞力的影响,以提高空间机构的运行及空间指向精度,基于分型理论、Lankarani-Nikravesh模型及宏微观理论,考虑摩擦与微凸体间的阻尼等因素,得到了新的含间隙旋转运动副元素间接触碰撞力模型,并通过试验验证了该模型的正确性.采用单一因素试验法,研究了转速、间隙、不同...     

一种在硅材料表面组装金纳米颗粒的新方法

以氯金酸、L-半胱氨酸为反应试剂,利用内电流和金硫自组装效应,在硅材料表面组装了较为均一的金纳米颗粒,并利用荧光分析与硅纳米线场效应晶体管对该方法进行了相关验证.结果表明:经氢氟酸处理后的硅材料,在氯金酸和L_半胱氨酸混合溶液中反应3 min可在硅表面得到较为均匀、稳定的金纳米颗粒层,其中,氯金酸浓度为0.5mmol/L,氯金酸和L-半耽氨酸浓度比为3∶1.荧光分析表明该方法组装的金颗粒表面已氨基功能化,使得金纳米颗粒修饰的硅材料在应用于生物检测时可直接醛基化修饰蛋白,简化了实验操作,同时,该方法可以在硅纳米线场效应晶体管中特异性组装金纳米颗粒,有力地支持了相关器件在疾病检测方面的应用.     

Pressure measurements in the spinal canal of post-mortem human subjects during rear-end impact and correlation of results to the neck injury criterion

The aim of this study is to validate the pressure effect theory on human beings during a realistic rear-end impact and to correlate the neck injury criterion to pressure in the spinal canal. Sled experiments were performed using a test setup similar to real rear-end collisions. Test conditions were chosen based on accident statistics and recordings of real accidents. In particular, velocity change and acceleration level were reproduced similar to actual collisions. The head restraint as well as the seat back were adjusted to different positions. Two small pressure transducer were implemented to the spinal canal of postmortem human subjects and pressure measurement similar to the pig experiments (using exactly the same equipment) were performed. A total set of 21 experiments with four different subjects were performed. The subjects were additionally instrumented with triaxial accelerometers that allowed for calculation of the NIC criterion. Results showed that NIC and pressure amplitudes of the CSF correlate well and therefore NIC seems to be able to predict these amplitudes also for human beings. Conclusions whether these pressure effects induce soft tissue neck injuries or not could not be drawn and should be investigated in further research.     

New SMU Gallium Fixed-Point Cells

In the framework of the European research project EURAMET 732, the Slovak Institute of Metrology (SMU) built three primary gallium fixed-point cells of different designs. The cells are designed for the calibration of the long-stem SPRT. In regard to the procedure commonly used at SMU when realizing the gallium point, the cells are designed for use in a stirred liquid bath. This article provides information about the cell designs, materials used, method of filling, and results of the performed experiments. The experiments were focused on the study of the cells?? metrological characteristics, some effects that could influence the melting-point temperature and the effect of the melted metal fraction on the immersion profile. New cells were compared with the SMU reference gallium cell.     

Biomaterials affect cell-cell interactions in vitro in tissue engineering

The facts that most tissues or organs consist of a variety of cells suggest that interactions between different types of cells play critical roles in tissue or organ development.In tissue engineering,the effects of biomaterials on cell-cell interactions have recently attracted increasing attention for better elucidating the mechanisms through which biomaterials promote tissue regeneration.Numerous studies have focused on these effects of biomaterials on cell-cell interactions.In this review,comprehensive information was provided about the existing cell co-culture technologies and the main behavioral modes of cell-cell interactions.The effects of biomaterials on the cell-cell interactions in various types of tissue regeneration have been summarized and discussed.In the end,the existing problems and future perspectives that would help promote the research of biomaterials in tissue engineering have been proposed.This article can help researchers to understand the progress and importance of studying the effects of biomaterials on cell-cell interactions in tissue engineering and to choose the optimal cell-cell co-culture models for designing experiments.