车屑螺旋状填充质HGMS处理FCC废催化剂

选用车屑螺旋状填充质高梯度磁分离对ＦＣＣ废催化剂进行了分离处理，并对分离后的催化剂进行了活性检验。试验表明：通过ＨＧＭＳ可将废催化剂分离，主要影响回收率及分离后催化剂中Ｎｉ含量的有背景场强、给矿流量、给矿量等因素。通过循环分离试验，可将不同金属含量的废催化剂分出，其活性随Ｎｉ含量降低而增加，其中活性达７７的催化剂占催化剂总量近４０％。     

氨选择性催化还原废催化剂资源化回用及性能研究

氨选择性催化还原（SCR）废催化剂中含有大量钛、钒和钨等金属，对其进行资源化回用，不但能防止金属资源浪费，还能减少环境污染及降低脱硝催化剂生产成本。以钛白粉掺混酸洗废SCR催化剂为载体，采用挤出成型法制备新的蜂窝脱硝催化剂，通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、比表面积分析仪（BET）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对催化剂进行表征，考察酸洗废SCR催化剂掺混量对蜂窝脱硝催化剂机械性能、脱硝性能及稳定性的影响。结果表明：与以纯钛白粉制备催化剂相比，掺混酸洗废SCR催化剂不改变催化剂的晶相结构；催化剂的比表面积、孔体积均随着酸洗废SCR催化剂掺混量的增加而降低，并且掺混量大时催化剂的机械强度高，抗磨性能强；当酸洗废SCR催化剂的掺混量（w）为30%时，所制备的蜂窝脱硝催化剂仍能保持与使用纯钛白粉制备的催化剂相当的脱硝效率和脱硝活性，且具有较好的脱硝稳定性。     

废催化剂掺入量对加氢脱硫催化剂性能的影响

为了降低催化剂制造成本,有必要研究催化剂生产过程物料回用及废催化剂合理利用技术。通过在柴油加氢脱硫催化剂制备过程中掺入不同比例的废催化剂,考察废催化剂掺入量对催化剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,随着废催化剂粉末掺入量的增加,载体和对应催化剂的强度、比表面积、孔容和平均孔径都呈下降的趋势。活性评价表明,催化剂制备过程中掺入不大于5%的同类废催化剂粉末,对催化剂加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮活性没有明显的影响;当掺入量继续增加时,加氢脱硫活性损失严重。因此,为了降低催化剂制造成本并减少废催化剂处理带来的环境污染,建议在催化剂制备过程中将掺入废催化剂的比例控制在5%以下。     

利用FCC废催化剂混入白土精制加工润滑油基础油

本文对利用ＦＣＣ废催化剂混入白土精制润滑油基础油进行了试验研究，结论是肯定的。可为生产应用提供参考依据。     

大庆化工研究中心两项科研成果获国家发明专利

近日，由大庆化工研究中心开发完成的两项科研成果获得了国家发明专利，分别是“从废Pd-C催化剂中回收钯的方法”和“用废催化剂制备聚硅硫酸铝絮凝剂的方法”。这两项成果均可用于废催化剂的回收利用，对于资源利用和环境保护具有重要意义。     

废加氢催化剂的回收研究

废催化剂是炼油企业所涉及到的一个环保问题,伊朗石油工业研究院对该问题进行了研究,解决方案是通过废催化剂再生和复活措施将其重新应用到生产装置中去。采用煤油加氢工艺完成试验研究结果表明：再生催化剂在反应温度300℃、压力3．5MPa、H2／HC=100条件下适用于煤油加氢脱硫工艺。     

甲醇制烯烃催化剂废粉再利用研究

针对甲醇制烯烃(MTO)装置产生的催化剂废粉特性,分别研究了来自反应器和再生器废粉用量对催化剂性能的影响,认为通过对催化剂废粉适当处理可以实现催化剂废粉的有效再利用。     

利用废镍催化剂制取硫酸镍的研究

研究利用蒽醌法生产双氧水的废镍催化剂制取工业硫酸镍。废催化剂经灼烧，酸化，过渡，提纯，浓缩，结晶，甩干即得产品，工艺简单可行，所得产品质量符合国家标准规定，收率高，具有明显的经济效益和环境效益。     

催化裂化废催化剂利用的新途径

催化裂化是炼油厂中一个重要的加工工艺,所排出的废催化剂目前国内多数采用填埋法处理,不仅容易污染环境,而且浪费资源。探讨了催化剂失活的原因,介绍了催化剂再生、用废催化精制石蜡及精制ＰＣＣ柴油等利用方法,对我国废催化剂的处理具有一定的参考价值。     

FCC废催化剂镁改性催化裂化性能再生研究

提出并证实了高的强酸性位可接近性导致FCC废催化剂失活的机制。基于所提出的失活机制,采用浸渍法对FCC废催化剂进行镁改性再生。对所制备的再生FCC废催化剂进行了表征并考察了其重油催化裂化性能。表征结果表明,与未改性的FCC废催化剂相比,再生FCC废催化剂表面酸强度被一定程度地削弱,而表面总酸量和结构性质参数未出现显著改变。重油催化裂化结果表明,得益于适宜的表面酸性,再生FCC废催化剂的催化裂化反应性能得到极大改善。与未改性的FCC废催化剂相比,再生FCC废催化剂的汽油产率显著增加了3.04个百分点,同时干气、液化气、焦炭和重油产率则分别下降了0.36、0.81、1.28和0.87个百分点,这使得所制备的再生FCC废催化剂可以代替部分新鲜FCC催化剂使用。最后,探讨了再生FCC废催化剂表面酸性改变机理。     

复合吸附剂精制润滑油的工艺研究及应用

考察了玉门炼油厂FCC废催化剂作为吸附荆掺入白土复配成复合吸附剂精制润滑油的效果。实验室和工业化试生产结果表明：FCC废催化剂对润滑油有一定的吸附精制作用。在精制过程中，用一定量的废催化剂代替部分白土，在达到纯白土精制效果时，可减少白土0．6％左右，提高产品收率0．1％以上，过滤速度也有不同程度的提高，具有一定的经济和社会效益。     

复合吸附剂精制润滑油工艺研究及应用

考察了中国石油玉门炼油化工总厂FCC废催化剂作为吸附剂掺入白土复配成复合吸附剂精制润滑油的效果。实验室和工业化试生产结果表明:FCC废催化剂对润滑油有一定的吸附精制作用。在精制过程中,可用一定量的废催化剂代替部分白土,在达到纯白土精制效果条件下,可减少白土0.6%左右,提高产品收率0.1%以上,过滤速度也有不同程度的提高,具有一定的经济和社会效益。     

液相脱氮-白土精制工艺应用于环烷基润滑油生产

以辽河环烷基原油各侧线糠醛精制油为原料，采用液相脱氮-白土精制组合工艺，在实验室内对脱氮剂进行了筛选，并对脱氮剂的加入量及液相脱氮的工艺条件进行了考察，并且组织了工业试生产，工业试生产结果重复了实验室的研究结果。工业生产结果表明：液相脱氮-白土精制工艺适用于环烷基润滑油的生产，与单纯的白土精制工艺相比，大大地提高了基础油的抗氧化安定性，改善了橡胶填充油的色泽，同时降低白土用量4％～7％，可提高基础油的收率0．9％～1．3％，大大地提高炼厂的整体经济效益。     

EFFECT OF ZSM-5 ADDITION ON PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN A HIGH SEVERITY FCC MODE

The high-severity fluid catalytic cracking (HS-FCC) process is a novel FCC process that enhances light olefins yield under high severity reaction conditions. The process has been investigated by using a small-scale FCC pilot plant (0.1 BPD) with a down-flow reactor. High severity reaction conditions are preferable for enhancing the production of light olefins by catalytic cracking of heavy oils. As another option for the light olefin production, adoption of ZSM-5 additive in conventional FCC units is well known. This presentation describes the effect of ZSM-5 additive on the catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil under high severity reaction conditions, particularly focusing on the synergistic effect with the base catalyst. Three kinds of FCC catalysts with different activity were used as base catalysts. Although the employment of a ZSM-5 additive resulted in significant increase in the light olefins yield at the expense of gasoline in each catalyst system tested, the effectiveness was varied depending on the nature of the base catalysts. By choosing a suitable base cracking catalyst, more than 20 wt% of propylene yield was obtained at a one-pass conversion of fresh feed.     

EFFECT OF ZSM-5 ADDITION ON PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN A HIGH SEVERITY FCC MODE

The high-severity fluid catalytic cracking (HS-FCC) process is a novel FCC process that enhances light olefins yield under high severity reaction conditions. The process has been investigated by using a small-scale FCC pilot plant (0.1 BPD) with a down-flow reactor. High severity reaction conditions are preferable for enhancing the production of light olefins by catalytic cracking of heavy oils. As another option for the light olefin production, adoption of ZSM-5 additive in conventional FCC units is well known. This presentation describes the effect of ZSM-5 additive on the catalytic cracking of vacuum gas oil under high severity reaction conditions, particularly focusing on the synergistic effect with the base catalyst. Three kinds of FCC catalysts with different activity were used as base catalysts. Although the employment of a ZSM-5 additive resulted in significant increase in the light olefins yield at the expense of gasoline in each catalyst system tested, the effectiveness was varied depending on the nature of the base catalysts. By choosing a suitable base cracking catalyst, more than 20 wt% of propylene yield was obtained at a one-pass conversion of fresh feed.     

降低催化裂化汽油烯烃含量技术进展

介绍了降低催化裂化汽油烯烃含量的途径,包括选择合适的催化裂化工艺、应用降烯烃催化剂和助剂、选择中质中间基FCC原料、对原料进行预处理以及对催化裂化汽油进行后处理等。简述了各种催化裂化工艺和降烯烃催化剂及助剂在部分FCC装置的应用效果。指出要实现油品的清洁化,应开发FCC汽油醚化工艺,建造汽油加氢、重整、异构化和烷基化装置。     

The Selection of Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalysts and Additives: The Significance of Attrition Studies

Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is an important secondary conversion process in refinery that converts heavier gas oils and residues to valuable petroleum products. In the present and future crude oil availability scenario demand for FCC process that increases the refinery margins is growing. Continuous attempts are being made to improve FCC margin through process optimization, selection and use of improved catalysts and additives as well as hardware modifications. Refiners often face challenging task of judiciously selecting and switching to improved catalysts and additives for maximizing profits without violating hardware constraints. It is very difficult to select catalyst or additives based on vendor's claims and testing the catalyst directly in the plant is also risky business. It is important to match the plant performance closely to understand unit constraints and exploit the new catalyst capabilities to full extent. Detailed study with respect to catalyst deactivation, microactivity studies, complete characterization, and prediction of performance on the commercial scale, as well as economic evaluation, are key steps in catalyst or additive selection. Catalyst attrition is key issue now days due to heavy losses observed in the plant and frequent shut downs of the CO boiler units. In riser and regenerator reactor of FCC process, catalyst undergoes attrition due to various reasons such as inherent characteristics of catalyst/additive or due to process environment. Poor attrition of either catalyst/additive result into catalyst loss, fouling, and plugging of down stream units. In this communication the attrition behavior of different catalysts and additives and combined effect of base fluid catalytic cracking catalyst along with different additives in various proportions have been evaluated using an ASTM method in laboratory. Attrition behavior of different FCC additives such as CO combustion promoter, Octane and LPG booster and gasoline sulfur reduction additives were measured in isolation as well as by mixing with base catalyst in different proportion. Certain when studied alone exhibited higher attrition when compared with others. It is observed that even though absolute attrition strength of certain additives such as gasoline sulfur is poor, when used along with base catalyst in desired proportion the loss due to attrition was minimized. This study in combination with VGO cracking activity results helps to select suitable catalyst/additive for enhancing FCC process profits.     

润滑油补充精制工艺的技术改进

介绍了润滑油基础油生产的补充精制的最新工艺技术,提出采用低温吸附精制工艺取代传统的白土补充精制工艺,即在液相络合脱氮工艺的基础上,用微量的高效吸附剂代替活性白土,并可取消加热炉,达到节能降耗、降低成本、提高经济效益的目的。     

FCC废催化剂的综合回收利用

探讨了FCC废催化剂产生的原因,介绍了FCC废催化剂作为平衡剂回用、填埋、磁分离、合成分子筛、精制油品、复活以及从废剂中回收有价金属等处理方法。从长远来看,填埋必将会被取缔。平衡剂再使用只能回用部分废催化剂。磁分离只是减少了FCC废催化剂的产量,未对废剂进行回收利用。以FCC废催化剂为原料合成高附加值产品、废催化剂复活或从废剂中回收有价金属等将是未来的发展趋势,不仅可以提高资源的利用率,还可以保护环境,并带来一定的经济效益。     

面向国外市场的催化裂化催化剂

针对国外市场的原料油特点和用户要求,中国石化开发了一系列重油裂化能力强,产品选择性好,装置工艺操作灵活的催化裂化催化剂,如重油裂化催化剂,多产清洁汽油催化剂,多产丙烯催化剂。国外某些炼油厂应用实例表明：在换剂过程中平衡剂中钠和二氧化钛含量下降,稀土元素的配分改变; 在相近的重金属污染量下,产品选择性改善,焦炭因子和气体因子降低。根据国外原料和装置特点设计的中国石化催化裂化催化剂适合在国外炼油厂大规模应用。