瓦斯灰的资源化利用研究现状

从瓦斯灰中金属的回收、炭的回收及其在水泥工业、水处理行业、炼铁工业的应用等方面阐述了我国目前在瓦斯灰资源回收方面的研究现状,指出目前我国目前对瓦斯灰的资源化利用还主要停留在试验阶段,需要加大研究力度,尽快实现工业化应用,以缓解我国资源日益紧张的形势.     

改性瓦斯灰干法脱除NO的实验研究

用不同碱改性固体废物瓦斯灰制备出一种能够脱除烟气中NO的催化剂。考察了浸渍浓度、固液比、超声时间等制备条件对瓦斯灰脱硝性能的影响,并对材料进行了XRF、XRD、SEM、EDS-Mapping、FT-IR表征。结果表明,利用KOH改性的瓦斯灰脱硝性能最佳,在KOH浓度为2 mol/L、固液比为1∶2、超声时间为40 min的最佳制备条件下脱硝率约达100%。改性后,K成功负载在材料表面,瓦斯灰微观结构发生了变化,生成的新物质为NO的去除提供了更多活性位点。     

高炉瓦斯灰的资源化利用--制备混凝剂的可行性研究

高炉瓦斯灰是高炉炼铁产生的排泄物。在高炉冶炼过程中，铁矿原料所含的锌、铝、铅等杂质在高温条件下被还原并形成蒸汽，与矿石、焦炭、熔剂等粉尘微粒一并随高炉煤气排出，后经湿式或干式除尘系统捕着去除，是钢铁企业主要固体排放物之一。根据高炉瓦斯灰中含有一定量金属的特性，对其开展资源回收利用的一系列研究是很有必要的。     

高炉瓦斯灰的无害化处理及综合利用

韶钢集团公司自１９８８年开始，自选课题，通过５年时间的研究，摸索出了对高炉瓦斯灰进行火法富集—湿法处理的无害化处理工艺，获得了成功，建立了一套完整的活性氧化锌生产线，取得了一定的效益。     

炼铁高炉瓦斯灰在水泥生产中的应用

1980年9月份以来,我厂将炼铁高炉收尘器收集的瓦斯灰用于生料做铁质校正原料并代替部分燃料取得成功。不仅节省能源、节约开支,而且产品质量显著提高,出厂水泥合格率连续两年达100％。现将我厂使用瓦斯灰的情况初步总结如下:     

立用炼铁高炉瓦斯灰的技术经济效果

炼铁高炉瓦斯灰在水泥生料配料中一料双代时，对生料刺备、立窑煅烧、熟料与水泥产质量方面均有较好的影响，且能取得较好的经济效益，对推动冶金工业废渣综合利用的深入开展、消除污染、改善环境、化害为利、造福人类方面将具有现实意义。     

应用炼铁高炉瓦斯灰的技术经济效果

炼铁高炉瓦斯灰在水泥生料配料中一料双代时,对生料制备、立窑煅烧、熟料与水泥产质量方面均有较好的影响,且能取得较好的经济效益,对推动冶金工业废渣综合利用的深入开展、消除污染、改善环境、化害为利、造福人类方面将具有现实意义.     

煤矿通风瓦斯电子信息技术的研究应用

为了有效监测矿井瓦斯浓度以确保安全生产，通过采用煤矿通风瓦斯信息管理系统，加强了对矿井的瓦斯监管，可以有效的实现对煤矿通风瓦斯信息的电子信息化管理以及数据的跟踪，提高了企业的经济效益，确保煤矿开采的顺利进行。     

高瓦斯矿井超大区域瓦斯治理

矿井瓦斯治理技术是我国煤矿产业发展中矿井生产安全性的重要保障技术，在高瓦斯矿井超大区域的瓦斯治理中，工作人员应结合矿井的情况，制定合理的瓦斯治理技术方案，保证瓦斯治理的效果。对高瓦斯矿井超大区域瓦斯治理的需求进行了探讨，结合高瓦斯矿井超大区域瓦斯治理技术现状，提出了高瓦斯矿井超大区域瓦斯治理的技术和方法。     

复杂地质条件下井下巷道瓦斯运移规律研究

煤与瓦斯突出发生使得短时间大量煤与瓦斯涌入采场空间，在复杂巷道内运移，直接摧毁巷道设施、矿井通风系统，引起瓦斯爆炸事故。研究瓦斯在巷道内的传播扩散规律，构建了突出瓦斯气体释放模型，借助Fluent数值模拟对突出瓦斯气体传播扩散过程进行模拟。结果表明，无风状态下的突出瓦斯表现为子口扩散运移方式，有风状态下表现为对流-扩散运移动，突出冲击波超压峰值与瓦斯压力成正比，在巷道内的传播速度明显大于空气声速，瓦斯运移速度小于冲击气流在巷道内传播速度，突出瓦斯压力越大，复杂巷道内传播速度越大，随着传播距离增大，突出冲击波超压峰值不断衰减。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。