0.24g/条梨小食心虫信息素缓释剂防治桃树梨小食心虫试验

0.24 g/条梨小食心虫信息素缓释剂防治桃树梨小食心虫的田间试验结果表明:0.24 g/条梨小食心虫信息素缓释剂118.8 g/hm2(33.3条/667m2)于第1代成虫羽化前释放,对梨小食心虫具有较好防效,优于常规化学药剂,持效期为135 d以上.同时该信息素对桃树安全,对天敌无杀伤作用,具有广阔的推广应用前景.     

桃小、梨小食心虫性信息素鉴定会在营口市召开

1984年3月27～29日,营口市科委和营口市化学工业公司在营口市联合主持召开了桃小、梨小食心虫性信息素鉴定会。营口市石油化工研究所在中国科学院动物研究所的帮助下,从1979年开始进行桃小、梨小食心虫性信息素合成研究,于1980年和1983年分别召开了小试鉴定会相应用性诱剂测报桃小食心虫成虫发生及防治试验中试鉴定会,并根     

梨小食心虫性信息素研究及应用进展

梨小食心虫是果树上重要害虫,连续多年的化学防治使其抗药性发展很快,且防治困难,应用性信息素是综合治理梨小食心虫的重要手段。综述了梨小食心虫的结构鉴定、人工合成方法、性质与剂型,以及利用梨小食心虫性信息素监测、防治害虫的技术应用进展。     

在杀虫剂中添加梨酯微胶囊防治苹果蠹蛾

梨酯（癸二烯酸乙酯）是梨属果实成熟时释放的主要香味物质,也是苹果蠹蛾Cydia pomoneJTa（L．）成虫和幼虫的引诱剂。此物质的发现促使对苹果和核桃重要害虫-苹果蠹蛾管理方法的开发研究,特别是梨酯和苹果蠹蛾性信息素（主要成分为十二碳二烯醇,E,E-8,10-dodecadien-1-o1）的混用使得引诱剂和迷向剂有了长足的发展。已有研究将梨酯微囊化后制得可喷施制剂,并评价其与十二碳二烯醇混用干扰苹果和核桃上苹果蠹蛾成虫性信息传递的效果。     

梨小食心虫性信息素的廉价合成

以廉价的工业化原料1,6-己二醇为起始原料,以简便的方法合成了梨小食心虫性信息素(Z/E)-8-十二碳烯醇乙酸酯(化合物1、2)(Z/E比例GC分析摩尔比为79∶21),总收率为35.7%.方法最大的优点是比文献报道的方法更经济.     

梨小食心虫性信息素的简便合成

[目的]以廉价、易得的原料合成梨小食心虫性信息素(Z/E)-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯.[结果]以35.9%的总收率合成了梨小食心虫性信息索(Z/E)-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯,GC分析结果表明顺反异构体比例为87/13.将所得的顺反异构体混合物在亚硝酸钠和硝酸体系中经构型转化得到顺反比例为23/77的(Z/E)-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯,产物结构经IR、1H NMR等方法确证.[结论]该路线简洁且比大多数文献报道的方法产率略高,值得借鉴.     

梨小性迷向素原药气相色谱分析方法研究

采用气相色谱法分析梨小性迷向素原药,选用DB-210毛细管柱和氢火焰离子化检测器,以正十八烷为内标物对有效成分进行分离和定量分析。结果表明,梨小性迷向素3个有效成分和内标物能够很好分离,且保留时间适宜。(Z)-8-十二碳烯-1-醇、(E)-8-十二碳烯-1-乙酸酯、(Z)-8-十二碳烯-1-乙酸酯的线性相关系数均为0.999 7,标准偏差分别为0.021、0.019和0.130,变异系数分别为2.58%、0.23%和0.15%,平均回收率分别为102.61%、99.01%和99.55%。     

跨国公司动态

巴斯夫将挺进巴西生物农药市场巴斯夫将在巴西推广两种生物农药。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST713上月在巴西获得登记,用于洋葱、苹果、草莓、大豆抵抗多种病害。信息素Cetro在巴西首次上市,将用于苹果及桃树控制梨小食心虫。为扩大市场占有率,公司在巴西进行有关生物杀菌剂及信息素市场调查,计划向巴西市场引入更多此     

巴斯夫将挺进巴西生物农药市场

巴斯夫将在巴西推广2种生物农药。枯草芽孢杆菌菌株QST 713在巴西获得登记,用于洋葱、苹果、草莓、大豆抵抗多种病害。信息素Cetro在巴西首次上市,将用于苹果及桃树控制梨小食心虫。为扩大市场占有率,公司在巴西进行有关生物杀菌剂及信息素市场调查,计划向巴西市场引入更多此类产品,为害虫综合防治提供最佳方案。     

苹果蠹蛾性信息素的合成及活性测试

[目的]探索苹果蠹蛾性信息素的合成方法,为苹果蠹蛾性信息素田间应用提供化合物.[方法]以E,E-2,4-己二烯-1-醇和1,6-己二醇为起始原料,通过Coupling偶联反应合成出苹果蠹蛾性信息素E,E-8,10-十二碳二烯-1-醇.关键步骤为CuC12.2LiCl催化的6-溴代-1-己醇四氢吡喃醚Grignard试剂与E,E-2,4-己二烯-1-醇乙酯反应,得到了目标化合物.[结果]合成出了以烯醇计产率可达60％的目标化合物.田间活性试验表明合成化合物在剂量为0.5 mg诱芯时对苹果蠹蛾的引诱活性与标准诱芯相当.[结论]利用偶联反应合成的苹果蠹蛾性信息素可直接用于田间防治.     

Identification of a four-component sex pheromone of the female oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

The female-emitted pheromone ofGrapholitha molesta (Busck), the Oriental fruit moth, was collected by holding females in glass flasks during calling. Flask washes were found to contain four pheromone components: (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate in a 1007 ratio, and (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol and dodecanol in a 10020 ratio. The ratio of (Z)-8-acetate to (Z)-8-dodecen-1-ol was approx. 10030. Approximately 0.1–0.2 ng of pheromone was recovered per female per hour of calling.Published as Journal Article No. 8598 of the Michigan State University Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Air permeation tests with orfralure for reduction in trap catch of oriental fruit moths

Orfralure [93% (Z), 7% (E)-8-dodecen-1-ol acetate], the synthetic pheromone of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta (Busck), was released into the air of orchard test plots either by hanging plastic laminated dispensers on trees or by aerial dispersal of microcapsules containing a solution of the lure. Trap catch was reduced 95% or more with the most effective formulations, but consistently higher reductions were produced by the dispensers. In tests as long as 28 weeks with dispensers, a single retreatment at midseason maintained an effective concentration.Lepidoptera: Olethreutinae.Mention of a commercial or proprietory product does not constitute an endorsement of this product by the USDA.A preliminary report of some experiments included in this paper appeared elsewhere (Gentry et al., 1976).     

Oriental fruit moth pheromone component emission rates measured after collection by glass-surface adsorption

We collected and quantified both synthetic and natural Oriental fruit moth [Grapholitha molesta (Busck)] sex pheromone components in 250-ml round-bottom flasks by hexane rinsing of compounds adsorbed on the glass walls. This simple procedure collected 100% of the pheromone evaporated inside the flask and was useful for quantifying both nanogram and microgram amounts of emitted pheromone. Emission rates of (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate from 1000, 100, and 10 g-loaded rubber septa were 219, 12, and 1.2 ng/hr, respectively.G. molesta females emitted this component at 3.2 ng/hr, close to the emission rate from a 10 g-loaded septum, which evokes long-range and close-range behaviors in the male. The corresponding alcohol, (Z)-8-dodecenyl alcohol, was emitted from rubber septa ca. 3 times faster than the acetate.Lepidoptera: Tortricidae.Paper of the Michigan State Agricultural Experiment Station.     

Sublethal Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticide on Calling Behavior and Pheromone Production of Tortricid Moths

In moths, sexual behavior combines female sex pheromone production and calling behavior. The normal functioning of these periodic events requires an intact nervous system. Neurotoxic insecticide residues in the agroecosystem could impact the normal functioning of pheromone communication through alteration of the nervous system. In this study we assess whether sublethal concentrations of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid, that competitively modulates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the dendrite, affect pheromone production and calling behavior in adults of three economically important tortricid moth pests; Cydia pomonella (L.), Grapholita molesta (Busck), and Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller). Thiacloprid significantly reduced the amount of calling in C. pomonella females at LC_0.001 (a lethal concentration that kills only 1 in 10⁵ individuals), and altered its calling period at LC₁, and in both cases the effect was dose-dependent. In the other two species the effect was similar but started at higher LCs, and the effect was relatively small in L. botrana. Pheromone production was altered only in C. pomonella, with a reduction of the major compound, codlemone, and one minor component, starting at LC₁₀. Since sex pheromones and neonicotinoids are used together in the management of these three species, our results could have implications regarding the interaction between these two pest control methods.     

Evidence for presence and nature of female sex pheromone ofBrithys crini fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The existence of a female sex pheromone of the noctuid mothBrithys crini Fabricius was confirmed in both laboratory bioassay and field tests. Crude extracts and airborne volatiles from females were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry and the data compared with authentic compounds. The primary sex pheromonal compound was Z11-16: Ald. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the external surface of the sex pheromone gland was covered with folds that might increase the sex pheromone evaporation area.     

烷基多糖苷的合成工艺研究

本工艺采用两步法,在复合催化剂作用下,由葡萄糖与无水正丁醇反应,生成正丁醇葡萄糖苷,然后与十二醇进行醇交换反应,合成烷基多糖苷(APG)。经检产品质量达到国家一级品标准。     

烷基糖苷合成工艺的工业化放大试验研究

本工艺采用两步法,在复合催化剂作用下,由葡萄糖与无水正丁醇反应,生成正丁醇葡萄糖苷,然后与十二醇进行醇交换反应,合成烷基糖苷(APG)。经检产品质量达到国家标准GB/T19464-2004一级品标准。