基于分布式计算的遥感图像水体识别研究

为了提高遥感数据的处理速度,解决遥感信息提取中的数据密集与计算密集问题,将并行计算的思想引入到遥感图像的处理与信息提取中,构建基于Landsat ETM+影像的分布式遥感图像水体提取模型。以渭干河流域为研究区,利用单波段阈值法、多波段谱间关系法、水体指数法等方法进行水体信息自动提取的实验。实验结果表明,该模型具有较高的识别精度,能够快速识别水体,并具有稳定的可扩展性和伸缩性。     

基于Landsat-8 OLI影像和指数法的红树林提取对比研究

红树林是全球净初级生产力最高的生态系统之一,其在全球气候变化和海岸带地理环境演变研究中发挥着重要作用。快速且准确地获取大范围红树林空间分布,对于红树林资源的有效管理和开发利用具有重要意义。Landsat系列卫星影像已成为大范围、长周期红树林分布信息提取的重要数据源。选取华南沿海的英罗湾和珍珠港作为实验区,利用Landsat-8 OLI影像结合归一化差异红树林指数（Normalized Difference Mangrove Index,NDMI）、综合红树林识别指数（Combined Mangrove Recognition Index,CMRI）、模块化红树林识别指数（Modular Mangrove Recognition Index,MMRI）、红树林指数（Mangrove Index,MI）和红树林植被指数（Mangrove Vegetation Index,MVI)5种指数来提取红树林分布信息,并对比5种指数用于红树林提取的效果,筛选适用于Landsat-8 OLI影像的最佳红树林提取指数。提出了结合归一化差异水体指数（Normalized Difference Water ...     

基于FY-3C MERSI影像的洱海水体提取研究

遥感技术在水体监测方面已有成熟应用,风云三号是我国自主研发卫星,时间分辨率高、覆盖范围广,能短时间内完整监测大范围水体。针对国产FY-3系列中分辨率卫星在水体信息自动化提取中的应用问题,以FY-3C MERSI影像为数据源,采用归一化差异水体指数(NDWI)结合大津算法(Otsu)进行阈值分割,提取出洱海水体边界,通过与采用相同方法的邻近时期Landsat 8 OLI影像水体提取结果的对比分析,发现二者水体边界整体拟合较好,面积误差为1.53%,FY-3C MERSI影像较为快速、准确地提取出了洱海水体。表明MERSI数据在水体信息自动化提取方面具有较高的应用价值和潜力,可用于较大面积湖泊的水体提取。     

基于 Sentinel-1 与 Landsat8 的巢湖地区洪水淹没灾害分析

为及时准确得到阴雨天气下的洪水淹没区域及受灾情况,以巢湖流域作为研究区域,选择灾前、灾后的 Sentinel-1 影像作为数据源,基于 SDWI 指数及直方图双峰法提取水体信息,结合 Landsat 8 数据对山体阴影进行去除,快速提取洪水淹没范围,分析洪涝灾害前后时空变化特征,并结合 Landsat 8 数据获取的土地利用类型分类图,对受灾地区进行灾情评估。结果表明：2020 年 6—9 月巢湖流域重灾区域集中于巢湖西部、东部、北部,耕地、居民地受灾程度严重;利用多时相 Sentinel-1 影像快速提取洪涝受灾情况,可为国家减灾备灾、应急救灾、恢复重建工作提供有力的数据支撑。     

基于Sentinel-1双极化数据改进水体提取的Otsu算法

基于SAR图像的阈值分割法是水体信息有效提取的常用方法之一。针对Otsu算法对于SAR影像水体提取精度低、噪声大的问题,以C波段Sentinel-1 SAR为数据源,提出一种基于Otsu算法的SAR图像水体提取新方法。该方法首先基于双极化数据构建自然指数函数,优化原始Sentinel-1数据图像像元直方图分布,再结合Otsu算法对图像进行水体提取,最后基于DEM数据去除误提取的山体阴影。以同一天的Landsat 8光学影像作为真实水体样本进行精度评定,结果表明：在不同水体占比情况下,该方法水体提取精度均优于Otsu算法,在水体占比小于10%时综合精度提升约为20%—60%,而且噪声小、适用性强,可用于快速高效获取大范围内水体信息。     

基于Sentinel-2影像的多种水体指数法提取地表水对比研究

高时空分辨率的Sentinel-2影像日渐成为地表水体提取的主要遥感数据源,开展基于该卫星影像的多种水体指数方法提取效果的对比研究,对提升地表水遥感监测能力具有重要参考价值。本研究针对目前较为常用的7种水体指数（NDWI、MNDWI、AWEInsh、AWEIsh、WI2015、CDWI和MNDWI＿VIs）,以分布在华北、东北、长江中下游和西北的具有不同地表水体类型组合特征的4个样区为例,在GEE(Google Earth Engine)平台上采用Sentinel-2 MSI影像实现了基于7种水体指数的地表水提取,进而定量分析了不同指数提取水体的精度。结果表明：总体而言,7种水体指数均可以较好识别地表水,但在不同类型的地表水体提取时的表现存在一定的差异;NDWI指数在瞬时性水体（如水田、洪泛区等）会低估地表水的分布,漏分率较高;而AWEInsh、AWEIsh和WI2015指数整体存在高估倾向,错分率较高;MNDWI＿VIs水体指数在复杂水体类型的区域提取精度保持最高;在长时序水体变化监测方面,7种水体的性能表现与基于单景影像所得结论基本一致。本研究为不同类型水体开展地表水监测提供了重要...     

采用高斯归一化水体指数实现遥感影像河流的精确提取

河流精确提取在水资源调查、利用、变化检测及大型水利设施建设评估等方面具有非常重要的意义.通常的河流信息提取方法受影像中云、冰雪、山体阴影、大型湖泊等的干扰较大,大范围的适用性有限.以Landsat卫星遥感数据为数据源,在归一化差异水指数(NDWI)计算的基础上,首次提出采用高斯归一化水体指数(GNDWI)提取河流水体的模型,使得指数能够更大程度上保证河流提取的连续性,并通过DEM的辅助实现了其他干扰信息的去除.通过对伊犁河试验区河流信息提取的实验结果表明,该方法除了能够实现对复杂多样的河流水体信息进行自动提取外,还可有效去除阴影等信息的混淆,并能够达到较高的河流提取精度.     

多尺度下汾河流域生态环境质量评价与时序分析

选择1970s的Landsat MSS、1993年和2009年的Landsat TM遥感影像,利用归一化植被指数、归一化差异水体指数、阈值法、谱间关系法、监督分类与非监督分类相结合的方法对汾河流域信息进行提取,选择上、中、下游,行政地区和小流域3个尺度,参考环境保护总局发布的《生态环境状况评价技术规范》,选择生物丰度指数、水网密度指数、植被覆盖度、土壤退化指数与环境质量指数对汾河流域进行生态环境质量评价,并进行时序分析。结果表明：在3个不同尺度下汾河流域生态环境质量均为一般或较差;从1970s到1993年生态环境质量降低,1993年到2009年流域生态环境质量开始改善;不同尺度下的生态环境质量得分不同,但变化趋势相同。     

基于决策树的干旱区湿地信息自动提取——以疏勒河流域为例

以疏勒河流域为研究区,探讨了干旱区湿地的遥感影像自动提取方法。以Landsat 8卫星影像数据为主要数据源并辅以数字高程模型(DEM),利用改进的干旱区湿地指数(MAZWI)、归一化植被指数(NDVI)、地表反照率(Albedo)、灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的非相似性分量等识别指数构建决策树模型,对研究区湿地进行提取,并将结果与最大似然分类结果进行对比。结果表明:该方法在一定程度上提高了湿地提取的精度,与最大似然分类结果相比总体精度和Kappa系数分别提高了6.52%和0.124。证明决策树法是干旱区水域湿地自动提取的一种有效手段。     

基于Landsat-8 OLI数据的青海湖水体边界自动提取

在青海湖Landsat-8OLI遥感数据水体光谱特征分析的基础上,利用绿光(Band 3)和近红外(Band 5)两个波段,借助ENVI内置IDL语言的数据转换规则提出了一种新的水体提取方法IDLWI,加大影像中水体与非水体的灰度差,以利于水体识别。而后在水体识别的基础上,基于Canny算子进行水体边界矢量数据自动提取。分别运用"MNDWI(改进的归一化水体指数)+Canny算子"、"谱间关系法+Canny算子"和"IDLWI+Canny算子"提取青海湖边界,经高分影像目视判别和GIS空间缓冲区分析。结果表明:"IDLWI+Canny算子"提取出的青海湖湖体边界在位置准确性和连续性方面有明显的改进,尤其可以较好地提取出青海湖水体与湖滩地的边界(包括水体内裸露土地边缘)。     

山地高原地区TM影像水体信息提取方法比较-以香格里拉县部分地区为例

采用遥感数据对地物进行识别是获取地物信息的一种重要手段。在云南省香格里拉县湿地研究中,以Land-sat ETM+影像作数据源,分别采用了阈值法、差值法和阈值法的结合运用、多波段谱间关系法和阈值法的结合运用3种方法对湿地进行识别。结果表明:采用阈值法难以将灰度值接近的山体阴影和水体区分开来,差值法和阈值法的结合、多波段谱间关系法和阈值法的结合运用提取到的水体信息精度较高,多波段谱间关系法对于消除阴影的效果最好。     

Improving forest type classification using the vegetation local difference index

A spatial feature extraction method was applied to increase the accuracy of land-cover classification of forest type information extraction. Traditional spatial feature extraction applications use high-resolution images. However, improving the classification accuracy is difficult when using medium-resolution images, such as a 30 m resolution Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) image. In this study, we demonstrated a novel method that used the vegetation local difference index (VLDI) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), which were calculated based on the topographically corrected ETM+ image, to delineate spatial features. A simple maximum likelihood classifier and two different ways to use spatial information were introduced in this study as the frameworks to incorporate both spectral and spatial information for analysis. The results of the experiments, where Landsat ETM+ and digital elevation model (DEM) images, together with ground truth data acquired in the study area were used, show that combining the spatial information extracted from medium-resolution images and spectral information improved both classification accuracy and visual qualities. Moreover, the use of spatial information extracted through the proposed method greatly improved the classification performance of particular forest types, such as sparse woodlands.     

Recovering missing pixels for Landsat ETM + SLC-off imagery using HJ-1A /1B as auxiliary data

To improve the usability of Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) scan line corrector (SLC)-off data, this article proposes using HJ-1A/1B imagery as auxiliary (i.e. reference) data to recover the SLC-off ETM+ data. The least-median-of-squares (LMedS) method is newly proposed to recover missing pixels of Landsat 7 by removing the variant or abnormal digital number values. In particular, for the visible and near-infrared bands, using HJ-1A/1B for recovery has three clear advantages: the same spatial resolution, similar spectral resolution, and approximate temporal resolution. The experiments show that all of the reference-recovery methods are better than the non-reference-recovery method. The results of using of auxiliary data in reference-recovery methods, from best to worst, are Landsat 8, HJ-1A/1B, and Landsat 7. However, for recovering missing pixels, HJ-1A/1B is superior to the ETM+ auxiliary data due to the shorter time interval in Landsat 7 (a few hours). Hence, HJ-1A/1B should be considered a useful auxiliary data to recover ETM+ SLC-off imagery data.     

Analysis of channel morphology of São Francisco River using remote sensing data

The objective of this paper is to describe qualitatively channel morphology from the reflectance pattern of high sediment concentrations. The spectral behaviour of the aquatic environment is not only a function of water depth, but also the concentration and spatial distribution of suspended sediments, inorganic and organic, among others. We used Landsat 7/ETM+?(Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus) images for mapping river channel morphology in São Francisco river in Brazil. The methodology was based on: (a) the elaboration of the digital elevation model (DEM) of bathymetric data, (b) the development of an algorithm based on bands ratio index of Landsat7/ETM+?digital image, and (c) the comparison between bathymetry and developed index. Our approach was to develop an index for the emission feature in red band (ETM+?3 band) considering its height. A difference behaviour in relation to the index and the depth for both symmetric and asymmetric channels was observed. Thus, the river morphology was established, in an indirect way, by considering the spatial distribution of the sedimentary plumes.     

利用Landsat ETM+数据检测人工刺槐林冠健康

通过发展一种基于单景Landsat TM/ETM+数据客观、可靠、简单易行的人工刺槐林冠健康检测方法,为人工刺槐林地健康监测和管理服务。以孤岛林场的一块近乎纯人工刺槐林地为试验区,首先选择当地刺槐完全展叶时的2000年5月2日的Landsat ETM+数据进行几何精校正,并将第6波段重采样为与第1~5和7波段相同的空间分辨率30 m,然后将波段1~5和7波段数据校正到大气顶层反射率以减少传感器和数据获取方面的影响,利用第6波段计算亮度温度。接着进行3种组合的ISODATA非监督分类（健康或轻度枯梢、中度枯梢、重度枯梢或死亡或灌丛、非植被）：波段1~5和7,归一化后的缨帽变换Tasseled Cap Transform（TCT）绿度和湿度成分,归一化后的缨帽变换Tasseled Cap Transform（TCT）绿度、湿度成分和亮度温度。结果发现,增加了第6波段信息（亮度温度）的第3种组合对人工刺槐林冠健康检测更有效。     

基于压缩数据维的城市建筑用地遥感信息提取

通过压缩数据维的方式，研究城市建筑用地信息准确提取的原理和方法。通过对城市土地利用类型的分析，选取了归一化差异建筑指数、修正归一化差异水体指数和土壤调节植被指数来代表城市建成区的3种最主要地类——建筑用地、水体和植被。通过将ETM 影像原有的7个波段压缩为由它们衍生的这3个采用比值运算构成的指数波段，大大压缩了数据维数、减少了数据的相关度并降低了不同地类的光谱混淆性。因此采用简单的最大似然分类和掩膜处理技术，就可以将城市建筑用地信息提取出来，其精度可达91．2％。     

Changes in snow and glacier cover in an arid watershed of the western Kunlun Mountains using multisource remote-sensing data

Snow and glaciers in the mountain watersheds of the Tarim River basin in western China provide the primary water resources to cover the needs of downstream oases. Remote sensing provides a practical approach to monitoring the change in snow and glacier cover in those mountain watersheds. This study investigated the change in snow and glacier cover in one such mountain watershed using multisource remote-sensing data, including the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Landsat (Multispectral Scanner (MSS), Thematic Mapper (TM), and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)), Corona, and Google Earth^TM imagery. With 10 years’ daily MODIS snow-cover data from 2002 to 2012, we used two de-cloud methods before calculating daily snow-cover percentage (SCP), annual snow-cover frequency (SCF), and annual minimum snow-cover percentage (AMSCP) for the watershed. Mann–Kendall analysis showed no significant trend in any of those snow-cover characterizations. With a total of 22 Landsat images from 1967 to 2011, we used band ratio and supervised classification methods for snow classification for Landsat TM/ETM+ images and MSS images, respectively. The Landsat snow-cover data were divided into two periods (1976–2002 and 2004–2011). Statistical tests indicated no significant difference in either the variance or mean of SCPs between the two periods. Three glaciers were identified from Landsat images of 1998 and 2011, and their total area increased by 12.6%. In addition, three rock glaciers were also identified on both the Corona image of 1968 and the Google high-resolution image of 2007, and their area increased by 2.5%. Overall, based on multisource remote-sensing data sets, our study found no evidence of significant changes in snow and glacier cover in the watershed.     

面向数字孪生流域的云网融合架构研究

数字孪生流域建设是智慧水利建设的重要标志,是推动流域水利高质量发展的必然要求。为了应对当前数字孪生流域建设过程中面临的流域物联感知能力、通信传输网络资源、模型算法仿真计算水平等方面的不足而产生的挑战,本文结合云网融合的云网协同、按需互联、敏捷智能的服务能力特性,基于云网融合层次化的设计思想,把流域云和网充分融合,有效调度并应用计算、通信、存储等基础设施资源,提出了面向数字孪生流域的云网融合逻辑架构,梳理并阐述了水利感知网云网融合服务实现、水利信息网云网融合服务实现、数字孪生平台算力服务实现等可应用于数字孪生流域建设的云网融合服务架构,总结分析了面向数字孪生流域的云网融合关键技术。研究对充分发挥新一代信息技术对数字孪生流域建设的支撑驱动作用具有重要参考意义。     

Evaluation of Landsat 8 OLI imagery for unsupervised inland water extraction

The successful launch of the Landsat 8 satellite continues the Earth observation of the Landsat series, which has been taking place for nearly 40 years. With the increase in the band number and the improved spectral range compared with the previous Landsat imagery, it will be possible to expand the application of the new Landsat 8 imagery. The purpose of this study is to explore water extraction based on the new Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) imagery. According to the specific inland water conditions (clear water, turbid water, and eutrophic water), a number of highly adaptable water indices are assessed for water extraction using Landsat OLI imagery. The results show that clear water is the easiest to extract among the different types of waterbodies, with the highest average accuracy of 97%. The highest-accuracy methods are the automated water extraction index for shadow pixels (AWEI_sh), the normalized difference water index using bands 4 and 7 (NDWI₄₇), and the normalized difference water index using bands 3 and 7 (NDWI₃₇), with accuracies of 98.55%, 95.50%, and 96.61%, corresponding to clear water, turbid water, and eutrophic water, respectively. Through the analysis of the different methods for optimal band selection, the seventh band OLI7 (shortwave infrared 2, SWIR-2) of Landsat OLI shows the best performance in water identification. When applying the water indices to water extraction, Otsu’s algorithm has been used to automatically select the water threshold. Using extensive experiments with Otsu’s algorithm and a manual method, it was found that Otsu’s algorithm can replace manual selection and has the ability to select an accurate threshold for water extraction.     

新疆玛纳斯河流域卫星雪盖信息提取的影响因素分析

卫星雪盖信息的准确提取受到很多因素的影响,本文选用11幅玛纳斯河流域Landsat ETM＋影像,应用归一化差值积雪指数NDSI区分积雪与其他地物,分析传感器增益、大气因素、地形效应对雪盖信息提取造成影响的原因,并定量计算各因素影响程度的大小。研究结果表明,成像过程传感器高低增益对卫星雪盖信息提取的影响非常大,大气因素的影响相对较小,NDSI对地形不具有适应性,尤其在阴影区进行积雪判读不适用。