冰蓄冷系统校核与优化

亚洲基础设施投资银行冰蓄冷系统采用部分负荷冰蓄冷系统,主机采用双工况机组、上游串联的内融冰形式。日间空调工况运行与蓄冰槽联合供冷;蓄冰时段制冰工况运行向蓄冰槽制冰。施工前通过对冰蓄冷系统的校核与优化,向业主提出建议并得到采纳,修改了施工图,圆满地完成了冰蓄冷系统建设。     

油包水冷蓄冷装置的研究

油包水冷蓄冷装置利用油包水作载冷剂和蓄冷剂，通过泵输送，在蒸发器、蓄冰槽之间循环，把冷量以油包冰的形式储存在蓄冰槽里。     

确保冰蓄冷与低温送风工程效果

工程简介 国家电力调度中心空调工程冷源采用冰蓄冷供冷与制冷机直接供冷冻水相结合方式，制冷制冰主机采用约克公司双工况螺杆式冷水机组，蓄冰设备采用BAC公司钢盘管式整装蓄冰槽，蓄冰量7120冷吨。 该工程是集低温送风、冰蓄冷、变风量等新技术为一体的高新空调技术的范例工程。它标志着我国空调行业在新技术应用方面已有了长足的进步。 冰蓄冷系统运行结果分析：蓄冰率达到97％（实际6594RTh／设计6800RTh=97％）；融冰情况：实际达到93％以上（实测数据显示最小余冰量为428RTh，融冰率93．7％）。     

基于内融冰的蓄冰槽蓄冰和融冰模型

分析了内融冰顺排盘管式蓄冰槽蓄冰过程中的相变传热，提出简化假设，并在此基础上建立了管束模型。利用热阻网络法，对模型进行计算分析。在改变蓄冷槽换热管的材料，管径，管间距及不同进口参数的情况下，分析了蓄冷槽结构和工况对蓄冰，融冰性能的影响。     

并联冰盘管蓄冷装置设计方法探讨

在研究并联冰盘管蓄冷装置制冰、融冰特性的基础上，讨论了包括确定蓄冰槽容积、蓄冰量，盘管长度，盘管排列方式等内容的设计方法。认为这一探讨有益于冰蓄冷装置的系列化设计及系统的控制运行。     

再冷式冰蓄冷系统节能效果的理论分析

介绍了再冷式冰蓄冷系统的运行原则，利用模拟计算的方法对影响再次式冰蓄冷系统性能的因素进行了分析，分析结果表明该制冷机是运行的COP值比传统蓄冰系统高出约14％，可把夜间制冷机的蒸发温度提高2度且不需要任何附加能量。     

北京三星总部大楼工程蓄冷应用技术

对超高层写字楼冰蓄冷施工技术进行详细介绍,具体从设备选型、蓄冰槽施工、自控系统运行以及冰蓄冷经济型分析几个方面对本工程蓄冰技术进行阐述,本工程选用的蓄冰球、蓄冰池防水施工、蓄冷自控均等技术,对节能及电网系统移峰填谷具有重要意义。     

中国国际贸易中心二期冰蓄冷空调工程

该工程是目前国内建成并投入运行的规模最大的静态冰蓄冷空调项目，采用融冰优先的运行控制方案，融冰负荷占峰值负荷的40％。简要介绍了蓄冰设备、蓄冰系统运行方式，系统调试和运行实测情况，分析了实测数据，结果表明运行参数与设计蓄、融冰量基本相符。     

上海某办公楼冰蓄冷空调系统的经济分析

通过计算空调负荷及其频率分布，常规空调、部分蓄冷和全蓄冷情况下的制冷机和蓄冰槽容量，以及各自的初投资与运行费用，分析了蓄冷空调的经济性，建议加大电价差，通过采用低温送风和优化设计等措施提高冰蓄冷系统的经济性。     

蓄冷装置在天然气热电冷联供系统中的应用

在区域供冷系统中，利用蓄冷装置，可以在夏季空调供冷期参与电网电力调峰。即在满足空调负荷的前提下，在电力高峰期增大发电量，在电力低谷期减少发电量或者增加用电量。另外，利用蓄冷装置，可以大幅度降低空调制冷机组装机容量，提高区域供冷系统运行稳定性，从而提高机组运行效率。本文结合清华大学区域供冷工程实例，对采用蓄冷装置的区域供冷系统进行运行模拟分析，从而对上述结论进行了论证。     

多层住宅建筑空调室外机散热对上层设备的影响

利用CFD研究了多层建筑空调室外机散热对上层设备的影响，结果表明，热空气向上流动不仅与室外机的热释放效率有关，而且与室外机内的风机功率有关。下层设备运行对上层设备造成的影响有：增加入口空气的上升速度和温度，前者导致上层设备内风机的效率降低，后者影响空调器的散热。     

Modeling solar-driven ejector refrigeration system offering air conditioning for office buildings

A lumped method combined with dynamic model is proposed for use in investigating the performance and solar fraction of a solar-driven ejector refrigeration system (SERS) using R134a, for office air conditioning application for buildings in Shanghai, China. Classical hourly outdoor temperature and solar radiation model were used to provide basic data for accurate analysis of the system performance. Results indicate that during the office working-time, i.e., from 9:00 to 17:00, the average COP and the average solar fraction of the system were 0.48 and 0.82 respectively when the operating conditions were: generator temperature (85 °C), evaporator temperature (8 °C) and condenser temperature varying with ambient temperature. Compared with traditional compressor based air conditioner, the system can save upto 80% electric energy when providing the same cooling capacity for office buildings. Hence, the system offers a good energy conservation method for office buildings.     

Computational model for a ground coupled space cooling system with an underground energy storage tank

A computational model for determining annual periodic performance of a cooling system utilizing a ground coupled chiller and a spherical underground thermal energy storage tank is developed. An analytical solution for the transient heat transfer problem outside the storage tank is obtained by the application of complex finite Fourier transform (CFFT) technique. Analytical expressions for heat gain to the space and energy consumption of the chiller are acquired, and these expressions are coupled with the transient temperature field problem to obtain computational model. Variation of water temperature in the storage tank is calculated using the transient solution of the problem over an entire year for different soil, chiller, and storage tank characteristics. Temperature profile of earth surrounding the storage tank and the COP of the cooling unit are also investigated under various assumptions and varying system design and operating conditions. The results show that water temperature in the storage tank remains under ambient air temperature during summer months, and thus the proposed ground coupled cooling system should yield higher COP values compared to a corresponding air source system.     

Effects of utilizing seawater as a cooling source system in a commercial complex

This paper treats energy and cost performance of a cooling source system with indirect seawater utilization for air conditioning in a commercial complex. Seawater utilization has merits as a cooling source, because seawater temperature is lower than outdoor air in summer and it is cost effective because there is no water monetary cost. Actual operating data has been measured for about 2 years and the chiller and system co-efficient of performance (COP) have indicated about 4.77 and 2.93, respectively, even in summer season and the mean efficiency of the thermal storage system was about 89.9% taking into account heat loss of pumps. In addition, we have constructed simulation models for cooling tower systems, air cooling chiller systems and direct seawater utilization systems then compared them to this system. The electric power consumption of the indirect seawater utilization system was almost the same as the other systems except the air cooling chiller system, because using lower seawater temperature made the chiller efficiency higher. In conclusion, our results showed the indirect seawater utilization system was able to improve the system COP compared to air cooling chiller system, and cancel water consumption compared with the cooling tower system, and cut down an initial and maintenance costs compared with the direct seawater utilization system.     

空调用蒸发式冷凝器能耗实验研究

当室外气温较高时,风冷热泵系统冷凝器存在换热效果下降的问题,而蒸发式冷凝器可以改善此问题,蒸发式冷凝器因此逐步得到广泛重视。为研究采用蒸发式冷凝器制冷系统的能耗情况,通过正交实验的方法,对比研究了蒸发式冷凝器与风冷式冷凝器在相同工况下压缩机能耗情况,并对影响其性能的因素进行了分析。研究表明,各因素对压缩机耗功量的影响能力依次为:冷凝器进口空气温度、速度及冷凝器喷水量。压缩机耗功量随进口空气温度的升高、进风空气速度降低而增大,随喷水量增加存在先减小后保持不变的现象。     

空调设备排热对传热、新风冷负荷的影响

建立了室内外热环境耦合计算模型。通过实地测量,验证了模型模拟结果的准确性。采用该模型,以某典型办公建筑群为研究对象,探讨了空调设备排热对传热冷负荷及新风冷负荷的影响。空调设备排热加大了传热冷负荷及新风冷负荷,对新风冷负荷的影响更为显著。     

直接蒸发冷却空调机性能研究

分析了影响直接蒸发冷却空调机性能的因素,然后对天然植物纤维填料式直接蒸发冷却空调机性能进行了实验研究并获得了相关性能曲线。研究结果表明,直接蒸发冷却空调机在我国西北干旱和半干旱地区降温加湿效果很好,完全可以达到舒适性要求,是一种节能的绿色空调;天然植物纤维填料阻力较大,但降温加湿效果更好。     

金属填料直接蒸发式空调机性能研究

对铝箔金属填料直接蒸发冷却空调机进行了实验研究。分析了进口空气干球温度、相对湿度对空调机降温及冷却效率的影响,为直接蒸发冷却式空调机性能的提高具有一定的参考意义。     

Modelling and performance prediction of an integrated central cooling plant for HVAC energy efficiency improvement

The aim of this paper is to explore methods to reduce the energy consumption of a central cooling plant. To achieve this, we have developed a new design for heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) efficiency improvement. A storage tank together with an immersed heat exchanger is installed in the discharge line between the compressor and condenser. The heat exchanger uses the make-up water of the cooling tower to reduce the refrigerant temperature entering the condenser. To investigate the potential of energy savings, we used a real-world commercial building with a central cooling plant, located in a hot and dry climate, for our case study. The energy consumption and relevant data of the existing central cooling plant were acquired over the course of a typical week in summer. The integrated system has been modeled and analyzed to achieve energy conservation. The performance of the proposed cooling system was simulated using a transient simulation software package. Comparison of the proposed system with existing cooling plant is included in this paper to demonstrate the advantages of our new configuration. Results show that up to 18% power saving can be obtained by using our design.     

某办公楼冰蓄冷空调经济效益分析

简述了冰蓄冷空调与常规空调相比的优越性及其运行策略.冰蓄冷空调技术的原理并不复杂,从结构上讲,冰蓄冷空调系统的主要特征是比传统空调多了一套蓄冷设备,而制冷系统及空调箱循环风系统基本上与传统的空调系统是一样的.它主要是利用水的显热或水、冰相变过程的潜热迁移等特性,充分利用电网低谷电开机蓄冷,在电网用电高峰时段释放冷量,以缓和电网峰段电力供需矛盾,达到“移峰填谷”的目的.本文通过对某办公楼冰蓄冷方案与常规空调制冷方案的经济效益比较,阐述冰蓄冷在建筑工程中运用的可行性.