柴油乳化的研究及其进展

传统乳化柴油的研究与应用情况及其存在的问题,乳化柴油的节能降污机理以及微乳化的机理,乳化剂的选择和用量、乳化工艺对乳化柴油的稳定性的影响,乳化柴油对环境的改善,柴油微乳化工艺中微乳液的形成及微乳化柴油的特点。     

乙醇柴油燃料的研究进展

与传统柴油相比较,乙醇柴油因具有成本低,排放污染少等优点,成为当前柴油替代燃料的研究热点.文章分别论述了我国在乙醇和柴油的互溶性、助溶剂、乳化以及微乳化等方面的研究进展和存在的问题,最后,指出了我国乙醇柴油的主要研究方向.     

柴油-甲醇-水复合化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值研究

为了以获得价廉、稳定的柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料。作者通过试验研究了柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值范围,及在此HLB值范围内的最佳柴油、甲醇和水的配比关系。结果表明：柴油-甲醇-水复合乳化燃料乳化剂的最佳HLB值在3．5-4．3之间,并当配比为柴油：甲醇：水=16：3：1时,所生产的复合乳化燃料稳定性及外观最好。     

柴油微乳化设备研究进展

介绍了柴油（微）乳化设备的研究进展及应用情况,分析了现有的各种柴油乳化设备中存在的问题以及其应用优势,并根据当今社会的发展趋势,综合现有设备特点,为柴油（微）乳化设备的研发提供了依据。     

微乳化柴油研究进展

分析了微乳化柴油的研究现状 ,介绍了微乳化柴油的燃烧机理、配制方法及其发展趋势。指出W/O型微乳化柴油具有节油、节能的特点并能大大减少环境污染 ,具有较好的发展前途     

柴油-水乳化燃料的分析检测

介绍了在柴油-水乳化燃料的制备过程中检测乳化柴油的一些检测方法,通过对乳化柴油的分析检测,给出了制备乳化柴油时表面活性剂的最佳用量及最佳工艺条件,从而可以判断所制备的乳化油是否达到国家标准。     

乳化柴油的研究进展

概述了乳化柴油的研究历史以及近些年来国内外所取得的研究成果,着重叙述了乳化柴油的几种乳化机理;乳化剂的选用方法:亲水亲油平衡值法(HLB法)、相转变温度法(PIT法)、内聚能比值法(CER法);乳化节能机理;微爆作用和加速燃烧反应。根据目前乳化柴油存在的问题,提出未来微乳化柴油的发展方向。     

新型乳化剂制备及其微乳柴油的研究

通过生物柴油或其原料油与二乙醇胺反应合成了能与油相溶,且具有较好的生物降解能力的环保型烷醇酰胺非离子乳化剂,并用该乳化剂对0^#柴油和生物柴油的微乳化进行验证。结果表明生物柴油与二乙醇胺合成的乳化剂效果最佳,具有较好的微乳化性能,乳化油在微量添加剂的作用下可与市场上的0^#柴油大量混溶。并研究了水和甲醇在乳化过程中的相互影响因素。乳化柴油配比为:柴油64%左右,乳化剂12%左右,添加剂3%左右,极性成分21%左右。     

微乳化柴油的研究与发展前景

阐述了微乳化柴油的研究发展,研究了乳化剂和助剂的选择方法,探讨了微乳化柴油的节能环保机理,并指出了其发展前景。     

柴油乳化技术国内外发展现状分析

乳化柴油是将水和柴油通过乳化剂和乳化设备形成的油包水(W/O)型乳液,与普通柴油相比,乳化柴油具有燃烧性能好、能耗低、污染少、经济效益好等优点。本文综述了柴油乳化技术的发展、特点,对微乳化柴油的节油降污机理、及其乳化剂的制备技术做了论述,分析和研究了乳化柴油的应用前景。     

汽油和柴油质量存在问题及对策

从市场上汽油、柴油质量检查情况看,汽油合格率为88％,柴油合格率仅为11％,本文从劣质油的特征及危害,到形形色色的掺假手段进行了分析,并提出了识别真假油的方法和应采取的措施。     

柴油深度脱硫技术研究进展

加氢柴油中残留的硫化物主要为二苯并噻吩及其衍生物,因此,脱除柴油中二苯并噻吩类硫化物是实现柴油深度脱硫的关键技术。系统地介绍了加氢脱硫、生物脱硫、氧化脱硫和吸附脱硫等技术及其优缺点,重点介绍了反应吸附脱硫技术的最新研究进展。     

四氟硼酸盐类离子液体对典型柴油的萃取脱硫研究

The extractive removal of sulfur compounds （S-compounds） from Dongying and Liaohe diesel fuels with [BF4]^--based ionic liquids were systematically investigated. The results show that the absorption capacity of an ionic liquid for the S-compounds in diesel fuels relies on its structure and its size. In the case of the two examined diesel fuels, both elongating the cation tail length and increasing the mass ratio of ionic liquid/diesel fuel promote the desulfurization ability of the examined ionic liquids. The results also show that imidazolium-based ionic liquids display higher extraction efficiencies than pyridinium-based ionic liquids, presumably owing to the fact that the rings of the S-compounds are similar to the imidazolium head ring. With the 1 ： 1 mass ratio of ionic liquid/diesel fuel, the rates of the first desulfurization of Dongying and Liaohe diesel fuels using [C8mim][BF4] amount to 29.96% and 39.76%, suggesting that [C8mim][BF4] is a promising extractant for desulfurization of these diesel fuels.     

The comparison of particle oxidation and surface structure of diesel soot particles between fossil fuel and novel renewable diesel fuel

Conventional fossil diesel fuel and renewable diesel fuel based on hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) were compared regarding the oxidation characteristics of the generated soot particulate. The comparison was performed by utilizing a high-temperature oxidation tandem differential mobility analyser in which monodisperse soot aerosol was first selected and then heated in a high-temperature furnace. The particle size reduction caused by oxidation during the furnace treatment was then measured as a function of furnace temperature. The results indicate that soot oxidation is very similar between the studied fuels. This is supported by the obtained HR-TEM images and EELS-spectra which were practically indistinguishable between different fuels and engine conditions. The similar oxidation properties and surface structure between fossil and HVO-based diesel fuels imply that the oxidative aftertreatment devices designed for fossil diesel should work well also with the studied renewable diesel fuel.     

A thermodynamic model for predicting n-paraffin crystallization in diesel fuels

Diesel fuels contain n-paraffins in the range from C₁₀ to C₂₅. At low temperatures, some of the heavier n-paraffins crystallize as wax crystals and plug fuel filters. A thermodynamic model has been developed to predict the cloud point and the amount and composition of wax formed at low temperatures in diesel fuels. In this model, the amounts of all n-paraffins in a diesel fuel are converted into equivalent amounts of a reference n-paraffin, and the fuel is then treated as a solution in which the only solute is the reference n-paraffin. Cloud point, wax content and composition of several diesel fuels were measured and compared with values predicted by the model. The agreement between the measured and predicted values was good.     

柴油液相加氢精制技术与传统加氢精制技术的比较

在反应机理和设计规模一致的条件下,通过对传统柴油加氢精制技术和IsoTherming液相加氢处理技术的对比,发现IsoTherming液相加氢处理技术能为炼油企业提供一种更经济和更灵活生产超低硫柴油的新手段,并且在投资和能耗方面都优于传统的柴油加氢精制技术。     

Study of the performance,emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine using poon oil-based fuels

Experiments were conducted to study the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a DI diesel engine using poon oil-based fuels. In the present work, poon oil and poon oil methyl ester are tested as diesel fuels in Neat and blended forms. The blends were prepared with 20% poon oil and 40% poon oil methyl ester separately with standard diesel on a volume basis. The reductions in smoke, hydrocarbon and CO emissions were observed for poon oil methyl ester and its diesel blend along with increased NO_x emission compared to those of standard diesel. However, a reduction in NO_x emission and an increase in smoke, hydrocarbon and CO emissions were observed for Neat poon oil and its diesel blend compared to those of standard diesel. The 40% poon oil methyl ester blend showed a 2% increase in brake thermal efficiency compared to that of standard diesel, whereas other fuels tested showed a decreasing trend. From the combustion analysis it was found that ignition delay was shorter for all fuels tested compared to that of standard diesel. The combustion characteristics of poon oil methyl ester and its diesel blend closely followed those of standard diesel.     

The specific gravity of biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel

The specific gravities of biodiesel and 75, 50, and 20% blends with No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels were measured as a function of temperature from the onset of crystallization to 100°C. The results indicate that biodiesel and its blends demonstrate temperature-dependent behavior that is qualitively similar to the diesel fuels. The temperature dependence of the specific gravity for biodiesel and its blends was compared with the ASTM D 1250-80 procedure for the temperature correction of hydrocarbon fuels, and the procedure was found to provide accurate corrections. A blending equation was developed that allows the specific gravity of blends to be calculated from the specific gravities of the biodiesel and diesel fuels.     

柴油润滑性及润滑性添加剂的研究进展

柴油的低硫化成为发展的必然趋势,柴油出现了润滑性差的现象。综述了影响柴油润滑性的因素和磨损机理及低硫柴油的润滑性添加剂,认为酯类是极具应用前景的抗磨剂;并对柴油润滑性的研究方向提出了建议。     

排放影响的研究综述

生物柴油是内燃机用石化柴油的替代燃料之一。本文从4个方面梳理了生物柴油对车用柴油机NO_X排放影响研究的现状,探讨了NO_X排放增加、减少的原因,从改进生物柴油和柴油发动机两大方面细致分析了降低NO_X排放的措施,给出了进一步研究影响NO_X排放的方向。