K418合金显微组织及其增压器涡轮叶片热裂的研究

针对K418合金增压器涡轮叶片的热裂问题进行了研究。采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了Al、Ti含量对K418合金显微组织的影响。利用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算了K418合金中可能析出的平衡相,并分析了Al、Ti含量变化对平衡相的影响。结果表明:Al、Ti含量增加后,K418合金的显微组织发生了明显变化,γ′的尺寸增大且形状多样化,(γ+γ′)共晶增多,导致裂纹优先产生和扩展的部位增多;热裂为枝晶组织断裂,热裂纹在枝晶间产生和扩展;Al、Ti含量的增加均提高了γ′的析出温度和析出量,Al的影响尤为明显;Al、Ti含量增加后,均扩大了合金的有效结晶温度范围,导致涡轮叶片产生热裂。     

ZL201合金铸件裂纹产生的原因分析

对某公司生产的ZL201铝合金裂纹铸件取样进行化学成分分析和显微组织分析.结果表明,铸件中的Si元素含量过高,导致试样的微观组织中,沿晶界存在大量的脆性Al2Cu相和AlSiCu相,这是铸件产生热裂纹缺陷的主要原因.     

Al含量对单晶TiAl合金力学性能的影响（英文）

通过改变TiAl中Al的含量,用分子动力学方法研究了Al含量对含有裂纹的单晶TiAl试件性能及裂纹扩展的影响,分析了不同Al含量下的应力-应变曲线,缺陷的演化过程。模拟结果表明:Al含量不同,材料的弹性模量和强度也不同。Al含量低于45 at%时,由于层错和位错的产生以及位错反应和运动产生的空位和空位的迁移提高了试件的塑性使得试件表现出良好的塑性,而大于该含量时,试件呈明显的脆性;Al含量较低时,裂纹以塑性变形的方式扩展,Al含量较高时,裂纹以脆性方式断裂。即Al含量会影响材料的性能;随着Al含量降低,试件的塑性增强,此外,Al含量对裂纹的扩展机制也有很大影响。     

Mo中间层对防止Al_2O_3/Kovar钎焊接头裂纹的作用(英文)

为避免Al2O3陶瓷／Kovar接头裂纹的产生,在Kovar表面磁控溅射金属Mo,并使用Ti-Cu-Ni活性钎料进行钎焊试验。通过扫描电镜和能谱对界面微观组织和成分进行了分析。结果表明,当溅射钼中间层的厚度为14．2μm时,在Al2O3／Kovar界面处,Mo中间层可阻碍Kovar中Fe元素与钎料中Ti元素相互反应产生脆性FexTiy金属间化合物,防止了界面处裂纹的生成。     

Al含量对TiAl合金力学性能的影响

TiAl合金虽然具有很多优良性能,在航空航天和汽车工业广泛运用,但其室温脆性、断裂韧性还有待解决。本文通过改变TiAl中Al的含量,用分子动力学方法研究了Al含量对含有裂纹的单晶TiAl试件性能及裂纹扩展的影响,分析了不同Al含量下的应力-应变曲线,缺陷的演化过程。模拟结果表明：Al含量不同,材料的弹性模量和强度也不同。Al含量低于45at%时,由于层错和位错的产生以及位错反应和运动产生的空位和空位的迁移提高了试件的塑性使得试件表现出良好的塑性,而大于该含量时,试件呈明显的脆性;Al含量较低时,裂纹以塑性变形的方式扩展,Al含量较高时,裂纹以脆性方式断裂。即Al 含量会影响材料的性能;随着Al含量降低,试件的塑性增强,此外,Al含量对裂纹的扩展机制也有很大影响。     

高速列车用高强铝合金焊接接头疲劳裂纹的扩展特性

使用疲劳试验机测试A7N01铝合金焊接接头的疲劳裂纹扩展速率,采用光学显微镜对焊接接头的显微组织进行分析,使用扫描电镜对疲劳断口形貌进行研究。结果表明:母材的显微组织为时效状态的α(Al)基体与粗大一次相、弥散二次强化相以及少量的夹杂物构成的轧制状态组织;热影响区的显微组织为α(Al)基体以及少量未固溶的一次相组织,焊缝的显微组织为α(Al)基体与离异共晶组织。焊接接头的显微组织以及第二相粒子尺度不同导致了疲劳裂纹扩展特性不同。随着应力比的增加,疲劳裂纹扩展速率均呈增大趋势。裂纹尖端塑性区内的第二相粒子与基体的不协调塑性变形可促进疲劳裂纹的扩展,影响疲劳裂纹的扩展速率。     

Ti/Al2O3梯度功能材料热疲劳裂纹扩展机理

对Ti/Al2O3梯度功能材料进行了物相分析,研究了在热应力作用下的热疲劳裂纹产生的根源及其扩展方式和形态.结果表明:该体系主要有Ti,Al2O3,还有少量的TiAl,Ti3Al,AlNb2组成.Ti/Al2O3界面处生成的Ti3Al相以及Ti3Al周围的气孔是热疲劳裂纹的主要萌生和扩展地;随着成分的变化,裂纹的扩展由沿晶开裂转变为穿晶断裂,裂纹扩展的路线并不是直线,在各梯度层间发生了裂纹的偏转.     

焊接材料对喷射成形7475铝合金TIG焊接头热裂纹的影响

采用4043,5356,7055三种焊接材料对喷射成形7475铝合金TIG焊接头的热裂纹敏感性进行了研究,对接头的力学性能进行了测试,分析了接头的微观组织及裂纹的形貌、相组成.结果表明,采用5356焊丝时热输入对焊接热裂纹敏感性影响较大,高热输入时母材中的铜和锌向焊缝进行扩散和焊缝中的镁在熔合区形成α-Al,Al0.403Zn0.597和Al7 Cu3 Mg6相的低熔共晶组织,并在晶界和枝晶间形成偏析,在焊接应力的作用下在熔合区内产生了贯穿性热裂纹;低热输入时接头没有出现热裂纹,但强度只有184 MPa;而4043和7055两种焊丝的热裂纹敏感性较小.     

Fe_3Al合金与A304钢的TIG焊试验研究

采用TIG焊方法,分别选择9Cr-1Mo钢焊丝、A347焊丝和Inconel82Ni基合金焊丝作填充材料对Fe3Al合金与A304不锈钢进行焊接试验,并对接头质量进行了检测分析。结果表明:三种填充焊丝的焊缝中均有裂纹产生,并且在Fe3Al合金的热影响区还出现了微裂纹;采用Cr-Mo钢焊丝时,溶池金属沿Fe3Al母材基体结晶长大,接头区组织较均匀,而采用Ni基焊丝时,Fe3Al侧存在界线明显的熔合区。     

Ti/Al异种合金接头原位拉伸应变场及断裂行为的研究

采用Zn-Al钎料超声辅助钎焊连接了钛合金与铝合金,利用OM,SEM,EDS和TEM分析了钎焊接头的微观组织.利用数字图像相关(DIC)方法分析了Ti/Al钎焊接头在原位拉伸过程中应变变化及裂纹扩展情况.结果表明,在钛合金/钎缝界面上有2种化合物,分别为Ti7Al5Si12和Ti Al3,而在铝合金/钎缝界面上存在一层Zn-Al扩散层,钎缝组织由富Zn相和Zn-Al共析组织构成.原位拉伸过程中,钎焊接头整体应变较低,局部高应变区呈条纹状形态分布,接头没有发生明显屈服过程,只有弹性变形和塑性变形阶段.在应变相对较大的富Zn相内部产生最大应力且出现裂纹,裂纹曲析扩展最后呈锯齿状断裂.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.