采样时沉积物声学特性的现场测量方法

本文描述了一个联接到沉积物采样器上的测量系统,为的是当沉积物采样器工作时能在现场得到沉积的声速剖面。该系统使用了安装在采样器的探头里的二个电声换能器,以及相应的电路,以便测量声脉冲通过沉积物样品直径的时间;给出了实验室和野外的测量结果,亦进行了把测量声速的系统推广到测量沉积物的声衰减和沉积物内体积散射的可能性的研究.     

喇嘛甸油田北东块一区注聚初期综合调整方法研究

通过对大庆喇嘛甸油田已开展的聚区块注聚初期动态反映特征分析,结合二类油层高浓度注聚区块北东块一区地质特征和注聚初期动态变化,指出北东块一区注聚初期存在着注入压力分布不均衡、注入能力差、吸水剖面不均匀、地层能量不充足等问题。针对这些问题,采取了注采结构调整、注入井分层、压裂、水驱老井封堵等综合调整方法,使该区块取得了显著的开发效果,提高了区块的整体经济效益。     

注聚初期分层方法研究

喇嘛甸油田一类油层已处于注聚后期,二类油层聚合物驱是实现聚驱产量接替的主要手段,注聚初期分层对二类油层开发效果有很大的影响。本文从注入井的分层时机、分层方法入手,根据不同注入井的发育状况总结出不同的分层方式：根据一类油层以及北北块一区分层注聚经验,总结出分层配注原则：根据注入井的吸水剖面变化以及压力等注入参数评价出分层效果：根据措施效果,总结出注聚初期分层措施是提高二类油层动用程度的有效方法.     

利用井径技术修正管柱缩径对氧活化测井的影响

为满足油田注入剖面动态监测的需要，提高配注井、注聚井各层吸水情况的测量精度，氧活化测井方法已经成为现场录取资料的重要方法。但是，由于固井、射孔以及地层水或注入聚合物对管柱的腐蚀等对管柱的影响而损坏，致使管柱变形或套管缩径。本文提出利用井径技术来修正管柱缩径对氧活化测井的影响。     

旅大油田注聚驱油开发现状与发展前景

本文简要介绍了旅大油田的注聚驱油开发状况及注聚驱油所取得的成效,结合旅大油田工艺流程现状,探讨研究注聚驱油在旅大油田应用中所发现的问题与优化发展方向,为海上注聚驱油大力发展提供借攀。     

双河油田KD注聚泵应用中的能耗分析与节能措施

聚合物驱油是一项日益完善的改善老油田开发效果和提高最终采收率的化学驱油技术,目前已在河南油田东部得到了广泛推广应用。注聚泵是实现聚合物驱油的主要设备。如何保证注聚泵的长期、高效、经济运行,是衡量注聚设备管理水平的重要指标。本文从KD注聚泵的管理和技术两方面入手,细致地分析TKD注聚泵运行中各方面的能耗因素,总结出一套KD注聚泵的节能措施,收到了良好效果。     

海底沉积物声学性质测量技术评述

由于资源勘探、军事应用、岩土特性声学调查和声波传播理论研究等的需要,多年来人们一直在进行海底沉积物声学性质的测量。对海底沉积物声学性质的取样测量技术和原位测量技术进行了叙述,分别总结了两种测量技术存在的问题,认为下一步有必要发展海底沉积物低频声学性质的直接测量技术,建议在原位测量海底沉积物声学性质参数的同时测量其他性质参数以便于对比研究,并设法提高原位测量的工作效率。     

垂直微结构湍流剖面仪振动源及减振方法分析

垂直微结构湍流剖面仪（简称垂直剖面仪）是获取海水剪切流数据最有效的测量平台,对于海洋科学研究具有重要意义。简要介绍了垂直剖面仪的国内外发展现状,根据垂直剖面仪测量原理及海试结果,分析、总结了影响剖面仪测量精度的因素,重点讨论了剖面仪振动噪声的来源及降低其对剖面仪测量精度影响的方法。在综合分析剖面仪振动源的基础上,为减小剖面仪振动对测量精度的影响,提出了一种全新的传感器搭载方案,理论分析及计算流体力学仿真结果表明,本文提出的传感器搭载方案可有效降低剖面仪振动对测量精度的影响。     

测试资料在升平油田的应用

注产剖面测井是油田动态监测中必不可少的测井项目,它为不断认识油层、评价油层、改造油层提供可靠依据,本文以升平区块实测井升55—43井为例,阐述了注、产剖面资料在油田应用的实际情况。     

改进注聚井压裂解堵工艺的实践和认识

为了降低注聚井的注入压力,提高聚驱开发效果,喇嘛甸油田曾采用过注入解堵剂、热化学等多种解堵方法,但解堵效果不理想,主要表现在注入压力降低幅度小、解堵有效期短。为此,对21口注聚井实施了压裂改造,但21口压裂井的平均有效期只有15天,最长一口井的有效期也仅有31d。压裂所能改造的油层面积和力度是其它物理、化学解堵措施无法相比的,压裂没有使注聚井降低注入压力,其它油层处理措施也很难达到"解堵降压"的目的。所以,我们认为要从根本上降低注聚井的注入压力,必须针对注聚井特点,改进注聚井的压裂解堵工艺。     

De-icing by slot injection

Summary We consider the removal of ice from a plate in a cold cross flow by injection of hot fluid through a slot in the plate. De-icing of this sort is required in a number of diverse industrial scenarios, and is particularly relevant to the aviation industry, where the presence of ice on aircraft wings is a major safety hazard. Thin aerofoil theory is used to determine the flow above the injected fluid layer, and this is coupled to flow and energy equations in the injected layer and the ice. The key non-dimensional parameters and ratios in the problem are identified. The result is a nonlinear singular integro-differential equation which is coupled to a convection/diffusion equation and a Stefan condition. Some special cases are discussed and some asymptotic limits are identified. The problem is then solved numerically, and results for a number of different cases are presented.     

Electrophoretic injection within microdevices

The flexibility of the microfabricated format creates unique opportunities for study of the electrophoretic process. The present work utilizes digital images to capture the motion of DNA samples during pre-electrophoretic processes. A systematic study of DNA loading and strong sample stacking (sample concentration effects) was performed in order to analyze realistic DNA analysis conditions within microdevices. Using digital imaging and microscopy, DNA sample profiles within the injector were analyzed by deconvolving the geometrical intensity profile into different velocity groups. This analysis illustrates the evolution of molecular separation into distinct migrating populations within the injector itself. The present study performed DNA injections within microfabricated devices imposing run voltages between 85 and 850 V/cm. Data from 3 different offset lengths of a double-T cross-injector, 10 different applied voltages, and 2 different sample preparation protocols are presented.     

Optimal injection velocity profiling

Recently, manufacturers of thermoplastic injection moulding machines have developed controllers with programmable velocity control. The speed of the ram can typically be varied in as many as ten zones during the injection process to establish a velocity profile. This velocity profile however, is determined by trial and error. Some controller manufacturers have made claims about injection velocity profiling, however, actual experimental data is not available to confirm them. In this paper, some experiments were conducted in order to verify the effectiveness of these claims. The results of these experiments indicate that injection velocity control has little effect on reducing or eliminating the problems for which the claims are made.     

Overview of powder injection molding

Powder injection molding is a near net-shape technique suitable for the production of moderate to large volumes of small complex components of a wide range of materials such as ceramics, metals and hard metals. It combines the plastics injection molding technique with the power sintering techniques to produce high density parts at close tolerances. The technology has been known for more than 40 years, but it is only for the last decade that it became a commercial reality. Thanks to recent economical and technological developments the business outlook is positive with parts being produced for a wide field of applications. Still, in order to become truly a great commercial success researchers and producers have to overcome numerous technical and economical challenges and increase the awareness among designers.     

Acoustoelectric charge injection in semiconductors

A considerable change of trapped and free electric charge is observed in piezoelectric semiconductors in the presence of a traveling acoustic wave. The electric field, induced by the ultrasound, alters the electric equilibrium of the semiconductor sample, resulting in an accumulation of majority carriers at the surface with a consequent decrease in surface resistance. In specific cases, charge injection occurs at the semiconductor-metal contact area due to the large electric field induced by the acoustic wave. This effect, here referred to as the Acoustoelectric Charge Injection, was also investigated for the case in which a Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) is propagating along the metalized surface of a semiconductor. The injected charge is experimentally measured having a exponential time decay typical of a deep trap level, thus suggesting that Acoustic Charge Injection can modify the transient behavior of high-speed analog signal processing devices based on SAW, acoustooptic, and acoustic charge transport (ACT) phenomena. Experimental results and theoretical calculations are presented for CdS samples and for a metalized GaAs-epilayer grown on semi-insulating GaAs substrate