不同密封副材料的表面织构设计及其润滑和密封特性

表面织构化是提升机械密封性能的有效途径，合适的密封副材料是保证机械密封长寿命、高可靠性运行的先决条件。为获得基于不同密封副材料的表面织构设计原则，选取硬质合金/碳石墨、硬质合金/碳化硅两类密封副材料，在硬质合金密封环端面加工不同参数的直线型、V型槽表面织构，研究其润滑和密封特性。结果表明，对于硬质合金/碳石墨密封副，在密封端面加工面积率为4%、（θ，β）参数为（-30°，60°）的V型沟槽织构具有较优的减摩和抑制泄漏效果；对于硬质合金/碳化硅密封副，织构化密封端面能显著降低摩擦因数和启动力矩、促进密封端面热量排散、且不会增加泄漏，面积率为6%直槽型织构效果最优。进一步揭示了织构类型和排布形式对润滑和密封性能的作用机理，为不同工况下密封副端面织构化设计提供了参考。     

考虑涡动工况的螺旋槽液膜密封性能分析

为进一步探索液膜密封性能影响机制,以上游泵送螺旋槽液膜密封为研究对象,基于满足质量守恒的Schnerr-Sauer空化模型,建立密封环涡动模型并基于圆形涡动轨迹,探讨了不同操作工况如压差、转速和膜厚时,涡动方向对密封性能和液膜空化影响。结果表明：正向涡动在变压差和变转速时均可提升液膜承载能力但加剧了泄漏量,反向涡动虽减小泄漏量但较大幅度降低液膜承载能力,不利于密封稳定性;变膜厚时,反向涡动显著降低液膜承载能力,而较大膜厚时正向涡动提升液膜承载能力相对较小;正向涡动有效促生液膜空化,而反向涡动在变压差时有助于抑制液膜空化但低速时对其无影响,并且受膜厚影响较小     

基于Fluent两种螺旋槽密封微间隙三维流场分析

应用UG三维建模软件建立两种不同形式的螺旋槽密封结构,用Gambit软件对其进行网格划分,并利用流体动力学求解工具Fluent对两种形式螺旋槽密封的微间隙三维流场进行了模拟仿真。研究表明：两种形式的螺旋槽均可以产生明显的动压效应;在一定转速范围内端面总压随着转速升高而增强;开于密封端面间的螺旋泵送槽相比于同类开于外径处的螺旋槽流体动压效应更为明显,形成的流体润滑膜更为稳定。     

织构设计对润滑脂密封副密封特性影响的数值模拟

目的 探究织构设计对润滑脂密封副密封性能的影响规律,得到织构化设计的最佳结构参数和工况条件。方法 基于润滑脂Herschel-Bulkley流变模型和非接触机械密封原理,选择直线型沟槽织构建立端面密封模型。采用数值模拟方法分析不同倾斜角和转速下密封间隙的流场规律,进一步对密封副泄漏量的影响因素进行系统探究。结果 倾斜角不同,泄漏量随转速的变化规律不同。倾斜角为30°时,泄漏量随转速的提升而增大;倾斜角为35°时,泄漏量较小,且随转速变化不大;倾斜角为40°,且转速大于2 000 r/min时,泄漏量几乎为0;倾斜角大于等于45°,且转速大于1 000 r/min时,流体反向泵送,无泄漏。密封间隙和介质初始温度是影响泄漏的主要因素,泄漏量随密封间隙和介质温度的增大而增大。一定范围内,增加沟槽数量和长度也可减少泄漏。最佳织构参数和工况条件为倾斜角40°,槽数14,槽长8 mm,槽宽1.5 mm,密封间隙0.03 mm,槽深0.07 mm,温度小于320 K,转速大于2 000 r/min。结论 织构设计能有效抑制流体端面泄漏,润滑脂非牛顿特性对密封副间隙流场有显著影响,后续润滑脂密封副设计...     

上游泵送螺旋槽机械密封优化设计

不同尺寸密封环结构参数选取也不一样。通过Fluent软件仿真出压力分布,探讨3个主要参数的选取趋势。为了进一步提高螺旋槽上游泵送的密封性能,对螺旋槽的结构进行优化,保持坝区和堰区不变, 仅改变螺旋槽底部形状及螺旋槽形态,将等深螺旋槽变成收敛型渐深槽。对比分析等深槽、不等深槽的密封性能,结果表明：收敛型锥度不等深槽密封性能最佳。在此基础上,研究结构参数对收敛型渐深槽密封性能的影响     

基于Fluent的液压密封流体膜压力精确化研究

针对液压密封,密封区域流体膜压力不等于密封压力而导致对油液泄漏量研究有误差和对密封圈密封性能的研究因素考虑不足的情况,从密封圈的密封机制出发研究流体膜压力。基于Fluent中的层流模型Laminar,建立密封圈受到油液压力时的流体膜模型,对密封圈在静密封和动密封2种密封形式下进行有限元分析,得出密封区域的精确压力分布。对比分析了泄漏量的理论计算结果以及用流体膜压力代替密封压力后的修正数值计算结果。结果表明:用流体膜压力代替密封压力计算得到的泄漏量更加准确,误差更小;流体膜压力受密封压力和活塞杆运动速度影响,泄漏量与密封件所受密封压力、活塞杆运动速度成正比,活塞杆运动速度对流体膜压力和泄漏量的影响更大。流体膜精确压力的获得为密封圈密封性能的研究提供了参考,为获得其准确的密封机制奠定了一定基础。     

10m长管道内壁类金刚石薄膜沉积及性能*

工业生产过程中管道内壁经常受到输送物质的腐蚀和磨损，对管道内壁进行涂层防护十分必要，而目前鲜有在大长径比管道内壁镀膜的报道，且缺乏对大长径比管道内壁膜层性能的研究。采用等离子体增强化学气相沉积（PECVD）技术在直径 100 mm、长 10 m 管道内壁沉积类金刚石（DLC）薄膜，并研究管道内工作气体的等离子体放电辉光光谱、膜层表面亮度、 水静态接触角、硬度、摩擦因数和拉曼光谱等。结果表明：管道内等离子体光谱显示管内等离子体中有 Ar⁺ 和乙炔分解成的 C₂、H 和 CH；膜层表面的亮度 L*最高达到 37.4 和色差 ΔE*最大 1.9，膜层拉曼光谱结果表明靠近管道两端和中间位置膜层的 I_D / I_G均匀，膜层水静态接触角显示靠近管道两端的膜层接触角略小；靠近管道两端膜层硬度相比中间位置的膜层硬度高， 并且磨损测试中膜层均未出现破损剥落，膜层具有高的耐磨性。试验实现了在大长径比的管道内壁沉积耐磨损的 DLC 膜层， 为长管道内壁均匀镀膜提供了理论支持和技术指导。     

螺旋槽机械密封液膜流场的动力特性分析

以外侧开槽的螺旋槽机械密封动静环端面间的流体膜为研究对象,建立其三维的有限元周期模型,运用流体力学(CFD)软件Fluent对流场的动力特性进行数值模拟,得到液膜的压力以及开启力的分布规律,并与解析计算得出的结果进行比较,结果表明:模拟值和解析值比较吻合,从而得到合理的液膜数值模拟方法;然后以此模型为基础,数值模拟了工况参数(转速、压差、黏度)和螺旋槽参数(螺旋角、槽深)对液膜流场的泄漏量、摩擦扭矩以及动压特性和开启力的影响规律,研究结果为螺旋槽机械密封的设计提供了有益的参考。     

内、外螺旋槽型机械密封润滑液膜特性研究

应用FLUENT软件对内、外螺旋槽型机械密封润滑液膜特性进行了数值模拟,得到了润滑液膜流场的压力分布、泄漏量、液膜开启力、摩擦扭矩。将内、外螺旋槽型在不同液膜厚度和不同转速条件下的液膜特性作比较,结果表明:同样条件下,内螺旋槽型机械密封的端面压力、泄漏量、液膜开启力、摩擦扭矩均略大于外螺旋槽型机械密封。为螺旋槽机械密封的优化设计提供参考依据。     

各向异性对IC10高温合金磨削表面完整性的影响

目的 探究IC10单晶高温合金缓进磨削表面完整性的影响因素,提高关键零件的使用性能。方法 通过制备不同晶面、同一晶面不同晶向试块,采用刚玉砂轮在同一工艺参数下开展缓进磨削实验,研究各向异性对工件表面粗糙度、表面形貌、显微硬度和塑性变形层的影响。结果 在vs = 20 m/s,vw = 150 mm/min,ap = 0.2 mm条件下,不同晶面磨削后的平均表面粗糙度Ra为0.3~0.4 μm,其中(001)晶面加工后的平均表面粗糙度Ra为0.32 μm,加工纹理均匀且轮廓起伏变化程度最小,(011)晶面的平均表面粗糙度Ra为0.35 μm,(111)晶面的平均表面粗糙度Ra为0.39 μm,其表面出现了深的犁沟及凹坑等现象;不同晶面加工后工件表面均发生了硬化,硬化程度由强到弱依次为(001)、(011)、(111)晶面;不同晶面磨削后表面存在微米级厚度的塑性变形层,其中(111)晶面塑性变形层最厚,厚度为3.6 μm,(011)和(001)晶面的厚度分别为2.8、2 μm。(001)晶面在不同晶向磨削后工件的表面粗糙度、表面形貌、显微硬度和塑性变形层则无明显的规律性变化。结论 IC10单晶高温合金各向异性对磨削后工件表面完整性具有一定影响,不同晶面由于塑性变形难度存在差异,导致磨削后其表面完整性存在规律性变化,其中(001)晶面加工后的表面粗糙度最低,加工纹理最平整,显微硬度最大,塑性变形层厚度最小。由于显微组织呈现随机分布的圆形、方形、三角形等形态,且不规则,导致同一晶面不同晶向对磨削后工件表面完整性的影响无明显规律。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。