基于耦合电感的压电能量采集电路设计与仿真

利用压电材料的环境振动能量收集技术具有能量密度大,无电磁干扰,较易收集的特点,该文提出一种自供电式压电振动能量采集电路,即基于耦合电感的同步电荷提取和电压翻转电路(SCET&VII),利用电子仿真软件LTspice对标准能量采集(SEH)电路、同步电荷提取(SECE)电路和SCET&VII进行仿真分析和对比。结果表明,在相同振动激励条件下,SCET&VII接口电路的负载取用功率是SEH的2.65倍、SECE的1.76倍,且功率输出不受负载影响,同时实现了能量收集中的开关动作能量自给。     

微环音振荡压电发电机同步电荷能量采集方法

能量采集效率是引信微环音振荡压电发电机能否得到应用的关键之一。在经典能量采集电路和填谷能量采集电路的基础上,采用同步电荷能量采集法,基于脉冲宽度调制技术,设计了一种较高能量采集效率的同步电荷能量采集电路,由微动开关精确控制转移电能时间。理论分析和实验模拟的结果表明,开关精确控制转移电能时间的同步电荷能量采集电路,其输出功率最大且与负载无关,这将有利于微环音振荡压电发电机在不同型号引信中的应用。     

压电能量采集器高效能量提取接口电路设计

压电能量采集器能把环境振动能转换为电能,该文基于如何将压电能量采集器转化电能最大化提取的研究,提出了一种压电能量采集器高效能量提取接口电路,采用有源二极管整流电路降低了整流过程中的导通压降损耗,电感同步开关电荷提取电路有效提取了寄生电容中储存的电能。利用华虹宏力0.11 μm CMOS工艺进行电路设计和版图布局。测试结果表明,接口电路可提取80.4%寄生电容中存储的电能,20 kΩ电阻负载下导通压降为20.2 mV,在加速度5g(g=9.8 m/s2)和频率40 Hz条件下平均提取功率是标准接口电路的2.58倍。该芯片可应用于基于振动能供电的无线无源传感节点等领域。     

压电能量收集接口电路的设计与仿真

为了给无线传感器网络节点提供稳定、高效且长期的能量供给,该文提出了一种基于增强型同步电荷提取电路的压电能量收集接口电路(ESECE)。利用Multisim电路仿真软件对增强型同步电荷提取电路进行仿真,并与标准压电能量收集接口电路(SHE)和同步电荷提取电路(SECE)进行对比分析。实验结果表明,在相同激励条件下,ESECE比SECE的输出功率提高了近30%,最大输出功率达到190μW,同时还保证了输出功率与负载电阻的无关性。     

基于同步电荷提取的压电能量俘获电路设计

利用压电振动能量收集技术具有的力-电耦合效应高,无电磁干扰,机构简单等特点,该文提出了一种对称式自供电同步电荷提取电路(SSP-SECE),使用互补三极管实现同步开关控制,通过导向二极管与检测电容可实现峰值自检测。使用Multisim软件建模仿真测试了电路方案的合理性,实验验证了电路的有效性。实验结果表明,采用优化设计的SSP-SECE接口电路使负载电阻功率比标准能量采集电路高约4.23倍,相对于SECE电路整体提升了23.02%。     

一种压电振动能量回收电路

为了提高压电式振动能量回收系统的能量回收能力和解决在负载变化使能量回收效率变差的问题,以悬臂梁式压电振动发电系统为例,提出了一种高效的压电振动能量收集电路设计方案,即并联型双同步开关电感接口电路,可将压电梁转换振动能量得到的电能高效地储存到电容中。实验结果表明,压电梁在频率为38.4Hz、加速度有效值为0.035m/s2振动激励下工作时,给出的并联双同步开关能量回收(P-DSSH)接口电路可释放的瞬时功率达0.25mW,是全桥整流接口电路(SEH)最优功率的5.8倍,是并联同步开关电感(P-SSHI)接口电路可释放的瞬时功率的2.2倍,是LTC3588-1电路可释放的瞬时功率的1.27倍,且其工作不受负载变化的影响。     

一种基于自适应电荷泵的多源能量收集芯片

采用标准0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种可以同时高效收集压电、光电、热电、射频能量的多源能量收集芯片。该收集芯片由多种能源接口电路、可重构电荷泵和自适应控制电路等单元构成。可重构电荷泵中,通过调节电压转换倍率和开关工作频率来降低电荷再分配损耗,提高了转换效率,扩大了输入电压范围。自适应控制电路中,采用固定导通时间法控制系统的输出电压,所产生的峰值电压被复用,并用来控制电荷泵的工作状态,降低了电路的复杂度和功耗。仿真结果表明,该收集芯片的整体动态功耗为33 μW,能量转换效率最高为60.3%。版图尺寸为1 672 μm×1 990 μm。     

放电激励XeF（B→X）准分子激光器的高效率运转

在一台Ｘ射线预电离的ＸｅＦ（Ｂ→Ｘ）准分子激光器中，我们应用磁开关隔离的预脉冲－主脉冲放电激励电路和磁脉冲压缩技术，研究了激光输出能量和转换效率对气体组份、总气压、电路参数和延迟时间的依赖关系。     

半电极含金属芯压电纤维阵列研究

通过计算半周期内的有效电压,分析了半电极含金属芯压电纤维阵列能量收集的动力学方程组,推导了纤维完全一致和存在尺寸差异两种情况下阵列收集的电压和能量方程,仿真计算了纤维几何参数满足正态分布时能量收集效率与半径比、纤维长度和半电极角度的方差之间的变化规律。分析结果表明,纤维尺寸差异越大,能量收集效率越低。为提高阵列在不同方向的外界激励下能量收集效率,需要在每根纤维直接连接交流-直流转换电路。     

一种高效压电式能量回收接口电路的优化设计

阐述了几种压电发电机接口电路的工作过程和原理,包括标准能量回收电路,同步电荷提取电路,并联同步开关电感电路,串联同步开关电感电路和双同步开关电感电路,并从阻抗匹配角度分析了以上五种电路输出最大功率时的最佳负载阻抗范围。为了最大化地回收自然界中的振动能量,以双同步开关电感电路为例,针对其控制过程复杂且要求精确的特点,提出了一种具体的硬件电路实施策略并进行了Pspice仿真。仿真结果与理论值吻合。     

Efficient gas lasers pumped by double-discharge circuits with semiconductor opening switch

A review of applications of double-discharge circuits based on generators with inductive energy storage (IES) and semiconductor opening switches (SOS) for efficient excitation of different gas lasers is presented. Using a pre-pulse-sustainer circuit technique based on inductive energy storage and semiconductor opening switch generators allows the formation of a pre-pulse with high amplitude and short rise-time and provides a sharp increase of discharge current which significantly improves discharge stability and life-time of the volume discharge in gas mixtures containing halogens. A pre-pulse with high pumping power forms a high-density discharge plasma and an inversion population in gas mixtures under study within ∼10 ns and provides both early onset of lasing and conditions for efficient excitation of an active medium from the storage capacitor. As a result, pulse duration, output energy and efficiency of the lasers under study were improved.     

电容充电电路的能量效率分析

本文结合RC电路和RLC串联电路,讨论了电容充电电路的能量效率。对RC电路,分析了采用指数型电压源进行充电的能量效率。对RLC串联电路,讨论了各种响应特性下进行充电的能量效率,并指出如果利用电路的欠阻尼响应特性,可以大幅提高充电的能量效率。本文的讨论对“电路”课程的教学具有一定的参考价值。     

Analysis and Experiment of Self-Powered,Pulse-Based Energy Harvester Using 400 V FEP-Based Segmented Triboelectric Nanogenerators and 98.2% Tracking Efficient Power Management IC for Multi-Functional IoT Applications

A self-powered system for the Internet of Things (IoT) is demonstrated for efficient energy harvesting of naturally available mechanical energy. In this system, new contact-separation mode triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), based on fluorinated ethylene propylene, are investigated using the segmented multi-TENG configuration to reduce the effect of parasitic capacitance. The TENG extraction is optimized using a unit step excitation involved with the Dawson function to achieve a high voltage (400 V) and a high current (26.6 µA). To fully extract the power of the TENGs, the power management integrated circuit (PMIC) specially designed for adaptively controlled, high-voltage (HV) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is proposed. The PMIC implemented in a bipolar CMOS-DMOS 180 nm process can handle a wide input range (5–70 V) by consuming 420 nW. The MPPT control allows a wide range of impedance matching from 10 to 300 MΩ, achieving a tracking efficiency of up to 98.2%. The end-to-end efficiency of 88% demonstrates state-of-the-art performance. To supply a higher instantaneous power than that available from the TENGs, a duty-cycling technique is successfully demonstrated. The proposed energy harvesting system provides a promising approach to realizing sustainable and autonomous energy sources for various IoT applications.     

UV pre-ionized wide-aperture XeCl laser using magnetic pulsecompression

To provide a spatially homogeneous and sufficiently high-voltage discharge, the laser described here used LC inversion and two-stage magnetic pulse compression in the excitation circuit and used UV radiation for pre-ionization. It also employed one commercial thyratron as a high-voltage switch. Evaluation of the dynamic magnetic characteristics of four magnetic materials in a magnetic pulse compression circuit showed that the Fe-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy was the best core material for a compact switch with low core loss. At a 10 Hz repetition rate the maximum output energy obtained in a 80×60 nm discharge cross section and in 70 ns pulses (FWHM) was 6.2 J     

低功耗自供电压电能量管理电路的研究

为了提高压电能量采集系统的采集效率,该文提出了一种用于压电能量采集的自供电能量管理电路。采用基于并联同步开关感应(PSSHI)技术的有源全桥整流电路来提高压电采能器的功率,降低整流电路上的导通损耗;采用低功耗稳压降压集成芯片配合超级电容器,实现能量的高效采集存储。仿真结果表明,在模拟输出电压幅值为20 V时,该整流电路的输出功率为1.084 6 W,比传统整流电路的平均输出功率提高了16.8%,在最高输出电压为5 V时,30 s内储存能量可以达到4.137 1 J。     

Elastic-Connection and Soft-Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Superior Durability and Efficiency

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has received tremendous attention in ambient energy harvesting, especially for ocean wave energy. However, the technology is generally challenged to obtain excellent durability and high efficiency simultaneously, which primarily overshadows their further industrial-scale applications. Here, a dual-mode and frequency multiplied TENG with ultrahigh durability and efficiency for ultralow frequency mechanical energy harvesting via the elastic connection and soft contact design is proposed. By introducing the spring and flexible dielectric fluff to the novel pendulum-like structural design, the surface triboelectric charges of TENG are replenished in soft contact mode under the intermittent mechanical excitation, while the robustness and durability are enhanced in non-contact working mode. The fabricated TENG results in a continuous electrical output for 65 s by one stimulus with a high energy conversion efficiency, as well as negligible change of output performance after a total of 2 000 000 cycles. Moreover, integrated with the power management circuit, the TENG array is demonstrated to drive the electronics by effectively harvesting wind and water wave energy as a sustainable energy source. This work paves a new pathway to enhance the robustness, durability, and efficiency of the TENG that resolves the bottleneck of its practical applications and industrialization.     

压电振动能量收集电路的设计与实验研究

压电材料可将机械振动能转换为电能,但其产生的电能较小且具有交流特性,有必要建立储能电路将压电振动产生的电能储存起来并输出稳定的直流电。根据压电构造方程,建立压电振动能量收集系统的耦合场数学模型,对输出电压和最大输出功率进行数值模拟。设计与制作了一种以电容为储能介质的储能电路,通过电压比较器和电压调节器来保证稳定的直流输出。实验结果表明该储能电路能提供稳定的2.24V的直流输出电压,储能效率最高可达66.3%,并分析其能耗及误差产生的原因。     

A self-powered piezoelectric energy harvesting interface circuit with efficiency-enhanced P-SSHI rectifier

The key to self-powered technique is initiative to harvest energy from the surrounding environment.Harvesting energy from an ambient vibration source utilizing piezoelectrics emerged as a popular method.Efficient interface circuits become the main limitations of existing energy harvesting techniques.In this paper,an interface circuit for piezoelectric energy harvesting is presented.An active full bridge rectifier is adopted to improve the power efficiency by reducing the conduction loss on the rectifying path.A parallel synchronized switch harvesting on inductor (P-SSHI) technique is used to improve the power extraction capability from piezoelectric harvester,thereby trying to reach the theoretical maximum output power.An intermittent power management unit (IPMU) and an output capacitor-less low drop regulator (LDO) are also introduced.Active diodes (AD) instead of traditional passive ones are used to reduce the voltage loss over the rectifier,which results in a good power efficiency.The IPMU with hysteresis comparator ensures the interface circuit has a large transient output power by limiting the output voltage ranges from 2.2 to 2 V.The design is fabricated in a SMIC 0.18μm CMOS technology.Simulation results show that the flipping efficiency of the P-SSHI circuit is over 80％ with an off-chip inductor value of 820 μH.The output power the proposed rectifier can obtain is 44.4μW,which is 6.7× improvement compared to the maximum output power of a traditional rectifier.Both the active diodes and the P-SSHI help to improve the output power of the proposed rectifier.LDO outputs a voltage of 1.8 V with the maximum 90％ power efficiency.The proposed P-SSHI rectifier interface circuit can be self-powered without the need for additional power supply.     

种子光与抽运光交角对布里渊放大的影响

实验研究了在不同的Stokes种子光与抽运光能量比条件下 ,布里渊放大池中能量提取效率、种子光放大率、种子光脉宽压缩率和抽运光脉宽压缩率随Stokes种子与抽运光交角的变化规律 ,在种子光与抽运光的夹角为 1～ 2mrad时 ,提取效率、种子光放大率、种子光脉宽压缩和抽运光脉宽压缩率变化很小 ,Stokes种子光与抽运光有 1～ 2mrad的调偏角度