乙烯生产的生命周期评价(Ⅰ)目标与范围的确定和清单分析

报道了乙烯生产的生命周期清单分析方法,并得到清单的计算结果:单位量乙烯生产相关原煤、原油和天然气的生命周期消耗量分别为85.60kg/t、2302.56kg/t和162.21m3/t,相关CO2、SO2、NOx、CO、乙烯和烟尘的生命周期排放量分别为2257.04kg/t、8.93kg/t、11.60kg/t、7.62kg/t、2.90kg/t和5.84kg/t。研究结果表明,乙烯、CO、烟尘和NOx生命周期排放的主要来源为乙烯生产的直接排放,CO2的直接排放和间接排放基本相当,SO2的生命周期排放则主要来源于燃料的生产与加工阶段。     

改性处理对聚乳酸/废旧报纸回收纤维复合材料性能的影响

采用注射成型的方法制备了聚乳酸/废旧报纸回收纤维复合材料,探讨了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯改性处理和1 %的NaOH改性处理对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,在复合材料中加入2 %的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯后,聚乳酸与废旧报纸回收纤维的相容性得到改善,复合材料的力学性能得到提高。废旧报纸回收纤维经1 %的NaOH处理后,与聚乳酸的界面被优化,纤维的相对结晶度增大,二者的黏结性能得到改善,复合材料的力学性能也会得到提高。     

新型Ultem航空板材

在航空行业中，材料的低吸湿性非常重要。因为材料吸收的水分会导致飞机总重量的增加，从而增加燃油消耗和废气排放。一架飞机平均每载重1kg，飞行1h需要消耗0．03kg的燃油。假定所有的商用客机每年大约飞行5700万h，那么飞行每次减重1kg，     

生物降解塑料在包装领域的应用

1 环保型材料——聚乳酸。ェニチカ(株)(日本钟纺合纤公司)在膜．スパンポント、纤维等塑料材料领域广泛开展业务。积极开发以聚乳酸为主要成分的绿色环保塑料(商标名为TERRAMAC)在包装．农业、土木．纤维制品等领域里的应用。     

膜分离及深冷分离技术在聚丙烯装置的应用

气相法聚丙烯装置排放气回收系统排放至火炬系统的尾气含有大量烃类和氮气,应用膜分离和深冷分离组合技术高效回收尾气中的乙烯、丙烯和氮气等组分,减少火炬排放,降低装置物耗和能耗。实际应用效果显著,总烃回收率达到92%以上,氮气回收率75%,聚丙烯装置废气排放量减少2 591 t/a,平均能耗下降0. 24 kg/t,实现了节能降耗和清洁生产的目的。     

碳足迹评价方法学在PVC产品中的应用

河北盛华化工有限公司率先在氯碱行业引入PAS2050碳足迹评价方法学,对产品或服务在生命周期内的碳排放进行评价,为碳减排提供重要依据.详细计算PVC产品中碳足迹(排放CO2当量),结果表明:生产1 t PVC排放CO2当量为1 765.317 kg,其中原材料消耗占排放CO2当量总量的72.4%,能源消耗占排放CO2当...     

聚丙烯增韧改性材料的研究

本文论述了聚丙烯粉料与增韧剂1、增韧剂2及增韧剂3共混，使聚丙烯的韧性得到不同程度的提高，一般可提高2-5倍。聚丙烯粉料的熔体指数变化范围4-22．34g／10min，增韧后，材料的熔体指数变化范围在1．39—12．36g／10min之间，使材料的性能达到了蓄电池槽料的标准或结构性材料的要求，可代替部分工程塑料。同时，该材料还获得了中国专利局授权的专利证书。     

生物基树脂将进入发展热潮

<正>生物塑料专业人士于2010年8月13日表示,像聚乳酸之类的材料目前已得到广泛的关注,而最终,大部分生物基树脂将成为传统的树脂,如聚乙烯和聚丙烯,它们可从可再生资源,而不是从石油来制取。     

乙烯生产的生命周期评价(Ⅱ)影响评价与结果解释

基于乙烯生产的生命周期清单结果,对其进行生命周期影响评价,得到生命周期影响的单一指标评价结果为1.12×10-10/年,并进行了结果解释。乙烯生产的生命周期影响中,不可再生资源消耗占据主要地位,在总负荷中占到的份额达58%。对各污染物的直接排放进行单项影响评价,结果表明生产过程中的乙烯排放和NOx排放是主要问题,其环境负荷在环境排放类总负荷中所占份额均达1/4左右。     

纳米阻燃高分子材料研究进展

纳米材料因其自身结构性能的特殊性,具有其他填料无法比拟的优势,现已被广泛用作阻燃剂或协同阻燃剂。本文综述了近年来纳米材料应用于聚乳酸、聚乙烯、聚丙烯等高分子材料的阻燃改性现状和新进展,并对其今后的发展趋势进行了展望。     

影响间歇式聚丙烯装置综合能耗因素分析及控制措施

结合中国石化石家庄炼化分公司间歇式聚丙烯装置实际生产情况,对装置的能耗进行分析,提出了相应的节能降耗对策。通过优化操作、增上技改技措项目和加强管理等措施,提高了装置的管理水平,降低了装置的综合能耗,2011年装置累计能耗标油比2010年下降4.65 kg标油/t PP,经济效益显著,同时也为新建连续聚丙烯装置提供了节能思路。     

过程工业尾气封闭循环原理与应用（Ⅱ）：绿电制硝酸

针对传统氨-空气氧化制硝酸工艺尾气NO_x和N₂O排放,通过化工过程自由能耗散比模型分析指出污染物扩散所致环境自由能耗散可达产品加工有效自由能的66.2%。为此提出绿电制硝酸（GPtNA）尾气封闭循环新工艺,将电解水制氢/氧和空分制氧/氮两个单元耦合嵌入合成氨与硝酸工艺圈,以电代碳,提供绿色氢、氧、氮资源;与传统硝酸工艺相比,吨产品（HNO₃ 100%）减碳0.356 t、CO₂减排1.31 t、回收NO_x与N₂O各1.01~1.70 kg,对硝酸工业减碳降污具有重要意义。新工艺开发依托成熟的合成氨、硝酸与空分技术,利用绿电制氢电耗4.3 kW·h/m³等前沿成就,硝酸产品理论电耗为2560 kW·h/t、其成本可与传统硝酸工艺理论氨耗269.8 kg/t相竞争,当可再生（水、风、光）电价低于0.22 CNY/（kW·h）,GPtNA工艺具有资源、环境和经济性全面竞争优势。     

3200t/d预分解窑增产提效的技术改造措施

邓州中联水泥有限公司我公司3 200 t/d预分解窑投产后产质量低、能耗高;为此利用区域节能减排、协同停产的时间,通过对预分解窑和篦冷机进行扩产技术改造,实现了预分解窑优质、高产、低耗、低排放的良性循环,实际产量达3 900 t/d以上,熟料28 d抗压强度达60.2 MPa,标准煤耗为104.8 kg/t。     

Extraction and purification of paeonol from Moutan Cortex by a combined method of steam distillation and antisolvent recrystallization to reduce energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions

This study aimed to obtain paeonol with high purity by using the combination of steam distillation and antisolvent recrystallization (ASR) and to reduce the energy consumption and CO₂ emission in the preparation process. First, different experimental parameters were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimal conditions, the purity and yield of the as-obtained paeonol were about 98% and 56.97%, respectively. The physicochemical properties of purified paeonol were tested, showing consistency with those of standard paeonol. The energy consumption and CO₂ emission of the preparation process of ASR and single-solvent recrystallization were also investigated. Results showed that the energy consumption and CO₂ emission of ASR were about 4.41 J/mg and 0.006 kg/mg, respectively, which were 6.89 J/mg and 0.0095 kg/mg lower than those of ethanol recrystallization, respectively, and 50.22 J/mg and 0.0144 kg/mg lower than methanol those of recrystallization, respectively. The above results showed that ASR could obtain paeonol with high purity in a high-efficiency, low-energy, and environmentally protective manner.     

丙烯聚合卧式搅拌床反应器中持料量的检测

利用单点声发射检测技术,根据颗粒撞击壁面产生声信号的机理,建立了卧式搅拌床反应器内持料量的预测模型,该模型可以定量描述单点声能量随床层持料量的变化规律.在搅拌转速、吹气量等条件保持不变时,以空气-聚丙烯颗粒体系为例,在冷模装置中考察了床层持料量在11.5～23 kg条件下单点声发射信号的变化情况.实验发现,单点声信号能...     

燃气轮机热电联供技术和乙烯节能

燃气轮机-裂解炉热电联供等技术可为乙烯装置总体优化用能、降低能耗提供一条有效途径,尤其在高油价情况下更具有合理性。采用该技术可使我国乙烯工业的能耗降至500千克标油/吨乙烯以下,是乙烯工业节能降耗和减排的一项重要措施。结合中国实际情况建议选择条件较好、有天然气供给的老企业先行试点,取得经验。同时应及早注意设备国产化,以期在后续推广阶段时降低设备投资成本。     

Characteristics of smoke in different thermal regimes

This paper examines the smoke emission and properties of polypropylene and flame retarded polypropylene injection moulded plaques. The prepared samples were irradiated in a Stanton Redcroft NBS type smoke box with an incident radiant energy of 2.5 W/cm². Nucleating agents were also introduced to increase the particle size of the smoke produced. The conclusions reached from this work on the emission of smoke in a non-flaming mode were that as the flame retardant additive content was increased, the optical density decreased, thus extending the time for escape. The emission of smoke from these polymers subjected to other radiant sources and in a flaming and non-flaming mode is being investigated further.     

Mechanism analysis and simulation of methyl methacrylate production coupled chemical looping gasification system

Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification (CCLG) is a promising coal utilization technology to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets for highly pure synthesis gas.As a downstream product of synthesis gas,methyl methacrylate (MMA),is widely used as raw material for synthesizing polymethyl methacrylate and resin products with excellent properties.So this paper proposes a novel system integrating MMA production and CCLG (CCLG-MMA) processes aim-ing at "energy saving and low emission",in which the synthesis gas produced by CCLG and purified by dry methane reforming (DMR) reaction and Rectisol process reacts with ethylene for synthesizing MMA.Firstly,the reaction mechanism of CCLG is investigated by using Reactive force field (ReaxFF)MD simulation based on atomic models of char and oxygen carrier (Fe2O3) for obtaining optimum reac-tion temperature of fuel reactor (FR).Secondly,the steady-state simulation of CCLG-MMA system is car-ried out to verify the feasibility of MMA production.The amount of CO2 emitted by CCLG process and DMR reaction is 0.0028 (kg CO2)-1·(kg MMA)-1.The total energy consumption of the CCLG-MMA system is 45521 kJ·(kg MMA)-1,among which the consumption of MMA production part is 25293 kJ·(kg MMA)-1.The results show that the CCLG-MMA system meets CO2 emission standard and has lower energy con-sumption compared to conventional MMA production process.Finally,one control scheme is designed to verify the stability of CCLG-MMA system.The CCLG-MMA integration strategy aims to obtain highly pure MMA from multi-scale simulation perspectives,so this is an optimal design regarding all factors influencing cleaner MMA production.     

Wettability of Surface Oxyfluorinated Polypropylene Fibres and Its Effect on Interfacial Bonding with Cementitious Matrix

The surface of high molecular weight polypropylene monofilament fibre was modified using a oxyfluorination method. The oxyfluorination treatment level was varied and a hydrolysis post-treatment was also applied. Contact angles of oxyfluorinated, hydro-lyzed oxyfluorinated and unmodified polypropylene fibres were obtained by dynamic contact angle (DCA) measurement using three liquids of known dispersion, acid and base surface free energy components. The surface free energies were then calculated according to the acid-base theory developed by Good, van Oss and Chaudhury. Surface oxyfluorination largely increased the acid and base components of the fibres' surface free energy compared with unmodified polypropylene fibres. The oxyfluorinated and unmodified polypropylene fibre surfaces were observed by Scanning Electronic Microscopy and Photoacoustic Infrared Spectroscopy. It was found that the surface oxyfluorination largely increases the roughness of the polypropylene surfaces and the carbonyl group content increases as the treatment level increases. The interfacial shear bond strengths between the cementitious matrix and the polypropylene fibres treated under various conditions were determined by embedded fibre pull-out tests. Results showed that the fibre surface oxyfluorination treatments increase the interfacial bond strengths. The correlations between the shear bond strengths and surface free energy components were established. Results showed that fibre/concrete interfacial bonding was best correlated with the acid component of surface free energy of polypropylene fibres.     

丙烯酸反应系统的能量优化利用工艺

介绍了丙烯酸反应系统能量利用的优化工艺。该工艺将丙烯酸反应系统放出的热量进行回收。经废气处理系统将回收热量产生的蒸汽过热,用于反应系统的压缩机透平驱动,降低了能耗,经济效益显著。